Periodontal Inflammation-Triggered by Periodontal Ligament Stem Cell Pyroptosis Exacerbates Periodontitis

Qin Chen1,2,3,4,5,6, Xingguang Liu7, Dingyu Wang8, Jisi Zheng1,2,3,4,5,6, Lu Chen1,2,3,4,5,6, Qianyang Xie1,2,3,4,5,6, Xiaohan Liu1,2,3,4,5,6, Sujuan Niu9, Guanlin Qu10, Jianfeng Lan11, Jing Li12, Chi Yang1,2,3,4,5,6, Duohong Zou1,2,3,4,5,6
1College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University
2National Center for Stomatology
3National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases
4Research Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
5Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology
6Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
7National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
8State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
9College of Stomatology, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
10Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
11Guangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine in Liver Injury and Repair, the Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
12Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China

Tóm tắt

Periodontitis is an immune inflammatory disease that leads to progressive destruction of bone and connective tissue, accompanied by the dysfunction and even loss of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs). Pyroptosis mediated by gasdermin-D (GSDMD) participates in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. However, whether pyroptosis mediates PDLSC loss, and inflammation triggered by pyroptosis is involved in the pathological progression of periodontitis remain unclear. Here, we found that PDLSCs suffered GSDMD-dependent pyroptosis to release interleukin-1β (IL-1β) during human periodontitis. Importantly, the increased IL-1β level in gingival crevicular fluid was significantly correlated with periodontitis severity. The caspase-4/GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis caused by periodontal bacteria and cytoplasmic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) dominantly contributed to PDLSC loss. By releasing IL-1β into the tissue microenvironment, pyroptotic PDLSCs inhibited osteoblastogenesis and promoted osteoclastogenesis, which exacerbated the pathological damage of periodontitis. Pharmacological inhibition of caspase-4 or IL-1β antibody blockade in a rat periodontitis model lead to the significantly reduced loss of alveolar bone and periodontal ligament damage. Furthermore, Gsdmd deficiency alleviated periodontal inflammation and bone loss in mouse experimental periodontitis. These findings indicate that GSDMD-driven PDLSC pyroptosis and loss plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis by increasing IL-1β release, enhancing inflammation, and promoting osteoclastogenesis.

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