Percutaneous nephrolithotomy for the treatment of radiolucent renal stones in children: is it different opaque stone treatment?

Okuyama M (2011) Epidemiology of urolithiasis. Clin Calcium 21(10):1442–1447

Akinci M, Esen T, Tellaloglu S (1991) Urinary stone disease inTurkey: an updated epidemiological study. Eur Urol 20:200–203

Routh JC, Graham DA, Nelson CP (2010) Epidemiological trends in pediatric urolithiasis at United States freestanding pediatric hospitals. J Urol 184(3):1100–1104

Woodside JR, Stevens GF, Stark GL et al (1985) Percutaneous stone removal in children. J Urol 134(6):1166–1167

Turk C, Knoll T, Petrik A et al (2012) Guidelines on urolithiasis, pp 1–100

Raju GA, Norris RD, Ost MC (2010) Endoscopic stone management in children. Curr Opin Urol 20(4):309–312

Mokhless IA, Sakr MA, Abdeldaeim HM, Hashad MM (2009) Radiolucent renal stones in children: combined use of shock wave lithotripsy and dissolution therapy. Urology 73(4):772–775

Nouralizadeh A, Basiri A, Javaherforooshzadeh A et al (2009) Experience of percutane nephrolithotomy using adult-size instruments in children less than 5 years old. J Pediatr Urol 5:351–354

Dindo D, Demartines N, Clavien PA (2004) Classification of surgical complications: a new proposal with evaluation in a cohort of 6336 patients and results of a survey. Ann Surg 240(2):205–213

Guven S, Istanbulluoglu O, Ozturk A et al (2010) Percutaneous nephrolithotomy is highly efficient and safe in infants and children under 3 years of age. Urol Int 85(4):455–460

Bilen CY, Gunay M, Ozden E et al (2010) Tubeless mini percutaneous nephrolithotomy in infants and preschool children: a preliminary report. J Urol 184(6):2498–2502

Hiros M, Spahovic H, Selimovic M et al (2011) Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy and intravenous contrast media application for localization of radiolucent calculi. Med Arh 65(2):86–88

Unsal A, Resorlu B, Kara C et al (2010) Safety and efficacy of percutaneous nephrolithotomy in infants, preschool age, and older children with different sizes of instruments. Urology 76(1):247–252

Miller NL, Matlaga BR, Lingeman JE (2007) Techniques for fluoroscopic percutaneous renal access. J Urol 178(1):15–23

Alan C, Koçoğlu H, Ateş F, Ersay AR (2011) Ultrasound-guided X-ray free percutaneous nephrolithotomy for treatment of simple stones in the flank position. Urol Res 39(3):205–212

Basiri A, Ziaee AM, Kianian HR, Mehrabi S, Karami H, Moghaddam SM (2008) Ultrasonographic versus fluoroscopic access for percutaneous nephrolithotomy: a randomized clinical trial. J Endourol 22:281–284

Osman M, Wendt-Nordahl G, Heger K, Michel MS, Alken P, Knoll T (2005) Percutaneous nephrolithotomy with ultrasonography-guided renal access: experience from over 300 cases. BJU Int 96(6):875–878

Resorlu B, Unsal A, Ziypak T et al (2012) Comparison of retrograde intrarenal surgery, shockwave lithotripsy, and percutaneous nephrolithotomy for treatment of medium-sized radiolucent renal stones treatment of medium-sized radiolucent renal stones. World J Urol 2012 Nov 22

Penbegül N, Tepeler A, Sancaktutar AA et al (2012) Safety and efficacy of ultrasound-guided percutaneous nephrolithotomy for treatment of urinary stone disease in children. Urology 79(5):1015–1019

Wang J, Zhao C, Zhang C, Fan X, Lin Y, Jiang Q (2012) Tubeless vs standard percutaneous nephrolithotomy: a meta-analysis. BJU Int 109(6):918–924

Khairy Salem H, Morsi HA, Omran A, Daw MA (2007) Tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy in children. J Pediatr Urol 3:235–238

Erdenetsesteg G, Manohar T, Singh H, Desai MR (2006) Endourological management of pediatric urolithiasis: proposed clinical guidelines. J Endourol 20:737–748

Kapoor R, Solanki F, Singhania P, Andankar M, Pathak HR (2008) Safety and efficacy of percutaneous nephrolithotomy in the pediatric population. J Endourol 22:637–640

Roberts S, Bolton DM, Stoller ML (1994) Hypothermia associated with percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Urology 44:832–835

Vorrakitpokatorn P, Permtongchuchai K, Raksamani EO et al (2006) Perioperative complications and risk factors of percutaneous nephrolithotomy. J Med Assoc Thai 89(6):826–833

Vallancien G, Capdeville R, Veillon B et al (1985) Colonic perforation during percutaneous nephrolithotomy. J Urol 134(6):1185–1187

Skoog SJ, Reed MD, Gaudier FA Jr, Dunn NP (1985) The posterolateral and the retrorenal colon: implication in percutaneous stone extraction. J Urol 134(1):110–112

Gedik A, Tutus A, Kayan D, Yılmaz Y, Bircan K (2011) Percutaneous nephrolithotomy in pediatric patients: is computerized tomography a must? Urol Res 39(1):45–49

Smaldone MC, Cannon GM Jr, Wu HY et al (2007) Is ureteroscopy first line treatment for pediatric stone disease? J Urol 178(5):2128–2131

Unsal A, Resorlu B (2011) Retrograde intrarenal surgery in infants and preschool-age children. J Pediatr Surg 46(11):2195–2199