Pelvis and lower limb anatomical landmark calibration precision and its propagation to bone geometry and joint angles

Backman, S. (1957): ‘The proximal end of the femur’,Acta Radiol., suppl. vol. 146

Bell, A. L., Petersen, D. R., andBrand, R. A. (1990): ‘A comparison of the accuracy of several hip center location prediction methods’,J. Biomech.,23, pp. 617–621

Benedetti, M. G., Cappozzo, A., Catani, F., andLeardini, A. (1991): ‘Anatomical Landmark Definition and Identification’,CAMARC II Internal Report, March 15, 1994

Borghese, N. A., andFerrigno, G. (1990): ‘An algorithm for 3-D automatic movement detection by means of standard TV cameras’,IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng.,37, pp. 1221–1225

Cappello, A., Cappozzo, A., La Palombara, P. F., Lucchetti, L., andLeardini, A. (1997): ‘Multiple anatomical landmark calibration for optimal bone pose estimation’,Hum. Mov. Sci.,16, pp. 259–274

Cappozzo, A. (1984): ‘Gait analysis methodology’,Hum. Mov. Sci.,3, pp. 27–54

Cappozzo, A., Catani, F., Della Croce, U., andLeardini, A. (1995): ‘Position and orientation of bones during movement: anatomical frame definition and determination’,Clin. Biomech.,10, pp. 171–178

Cappozzo, A., Catani, F., Leardini, A., Benedetti, M. G., andDella Croce, U. (1996): ‘Position and orientation of bones during movement: experimental artefacts’,Clin. Biomech.,11, pp. 90–100

Cappozzo, A., Cappello, A., Della Croce, U., andPensalfini, F. (1997): ‘Surface-marker cluster design criteria for 3-D bone movement reconstruction’,IEEE Trans. Biom. Eng.,44, pp. 1165–1174

Challis, J. H. (1995): ‘A procedure for determining rigid body transformation parameters’,J. Biomech.,28, pp. 733–737

Cheze, L., Fregly, B.J., andDimnet, J. (1995): ‘A solidification procedure to facilitate kinematic analysis based on video system data’,J. Biomech.,28, pp. 879–884

De Luzio, K. J., Wyss, U. P., Li, J., andCostigan, P. A. (1993): ‘A procedure to validate three-dimensional motion assessment systems’,J. Biomech.,26, pp. 753–759

Ehara, Y., Fujimoto, H., Miyazaki, S., Tanaka, S., andYamamoto, S. (1995): ‘Comparison of the performance of 3D camera systems’,Gait & Posture,3, pp. 166–169

Fioretti, S., Cappozzo, A., andLucchetti, L. (1997): ‘Joint kinematics’,in Allard, P., Cappozzo, A., Lundberg, A., andVaughan, C. (Eds.), Three dimensional analysis of human locomotion (John Wiley, Chichester) pp. 173–189

Fuller, J., Liu, L.-J., Murphy, M. C., andMann, R. W. (1997): ‘A comparison af lower-extremity skeletal kinematics measured using skin-and pin-mounted markers’,Hum. Mov. Sci.,16, pp. 219–242

Grood, E. S., andSuntay, W. J. (1983): ‘A joint coordinate system for the clinical description of three-dimensional motions: application to the knee’,Trans. ASME, J. Biomech. Eng.,105, pp. 136–144

Kadaba, M. P., Ramakrishnan, H. K., andWootten, M. E. (1990): ‘Measurement of lower extremity kinematics during level walking’,J. Orthop. Res.,8, pp. 383–392

Morris, J. R. W., andMacleod, A. (1990): ‘An investigation of the sources and characteristics of noise in a video-based kinematic measurement system’,in CAMARC II Internal Report: ‘Models, connections with experimental apparatus and relevant DSP techniques for functional movement analysis’

Pennock, G. R., andClark, K. J. (1990): ‘On anatomy-based coordinate system for the description of the kinematic displacements in the human knee’,J. Biomech.,23, pp. 1209–1218

Ramakrishnan, H. K., andKadaba, M. P. (1991): ‘On the estimation of joint kinematics during gait’,J. Biomech.,24, pp. 969–977

Reinschmidt, C., Van Den Bogert, A. J., Lundberg, A., Nigg, B. M., Murphy, N., Stacoff, A., andStano, A. (1997): ‘Tibiofemoral and tibiocalcaneal motion during walking: external vs. skeletal markers’,Gait & Posture,6, pp. 98–109

Small, C. F., Pichora, D. R., Bryant, J. T., andGriffiths, P. M. (1993): ‘Precision and accuracy of bone landmarks in characterising hand and wrist position,’J. Biomed. Eng.,15, pp. 371–378

Söderkvist, I., Wedin, P. A. (1993): ‘Determining the movements of the skeleton using well-configured markers’,J. Biomech.,13, pp. 1473–1477

Spoor, C. W., andVeldpaus, F. E. (1980): ‘Rigid body motion calculated from spatial coordinates of markers’,J. Biomech.,13, pp. 391–393

Steindler, A. (1955): ‘Kinesiology of the Human Body under Normal and Pathological Conditions’ (Charles C. Thomas, Springfield, IL)

Veldpaus, F. E., Woltring, H. J., andDortmans, L. J. M. G. (1988): ‘A least-squares algorithm for the equiform transformation from spatial marker coordinates’,J. Biomech.,21, pp. 45–54

White, S. C., Yack, H. J., andWinter, D. A. (1989): ‘A three-dimensional musculo-skeletal model for gait analysis, anatomical variability estimates’,J. Biomech.,22, pp. 885–893

Woltring, H. J. (1994): ‘3-D attitude representation of human joints: a standardisation proposal’,J. Biomech.,27, pp. 1399–1414

Woltring, H. J., andFioretti, S. (1989): ‘Representation and photogrammetric calculation of 3-D joint movement’in Proceedings of First I.O.C. World Congress on Sport Science, pp. 350–351, US Olympic Committee, Colorado Springs, USA