Pedestrian Exposure to Air Pollution in Cities: Modeling the Effect of Roadside Trees

Advances in Meteorology - Tập 2013 - Trang 1-7 - 2013
Jorge H. Amorim1, Joana Valente1, P. Cascão1, Vera Rodrigues1, Cláudia Pimentel1, Ana Isabel Miranda1, C. Borrego1
1CESAM and Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal

Tóm tắt

The exposure of students to traffic-emitted carbon monoxide (CO) in their daily walk to school is evaluated, with a particular emphasis on the effect of trees and route choice. The study is focused on the city centre of Aveiro, in central Portugal. Time evolution of the georeferenced location of an individual is tracked with a GPS for different alternative walking routes to a school. Spatial distribution of CO concentration is simulated with a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model. An exposure model is developed that associates the georeferenced location of the student with the computed air quality levels (at an average breathing height) for that specific grid cell. For each individual, the model calculates the instantaneous exposure at each time frame and the mean value for a given period. Results show a general benefit induced by the trees over the mean exposure of the student in each route. However, in the case of instantaneous exposure values, this is not consistent along the entire period. Also, the variability of the estimated exposure values indicates the potential error that can be committed when using a single value of air quality as a surrogate of air pollution exposure.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

2009

1995, The Lancet, 345, 176, 10.1016/S0140-6736(95)90173-6

10.1056/NEJM200012143432401

2007

2006, Journal of the Air and Waste Management Association, 56, 709, 10.1080/10473289.2006.10464485

10.1093/aje/kwh181

10.1016/S0140-6736(02)11280-3

10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.693622

10.1289/ehp.9587

10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.06.020

2001, Pure and Applied Chemistry, 73, 933, 10.1351/pac200173060933

10.1007/s10546-008-9301-2

10.1016/j.jweia.2008.02.055

10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.06.016

10.1016/j.atmosenv.2003.09.004

10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.05.031

10.1016/j.ufug.2006.01.007

1982, Environment International, 7, 179, 10.1016/0160-4120(82)90104-0

2007

10.1175/1520-0450(2004)043<0641:AERDLD>2.0.CO;2

2011

2005

Thông tin
Thông tin xuất bản

Advances in Meteorology

Tập 2013

1-7

Thông tin tác giả