Pectus excavatum: historical background, clinical picture, preoperative evaluation and criteria for operation

Seminars in Pediatric Surgery - Tập 17 Số 3 - Trang 181-193 - 2008
Robert E. Kelly1
1Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of The King's Daughters, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia.

Tóm tắt

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Lester, 1950, Funnel chest: its cause, effects, and treatment, J Pediatr, 37, 224, 10.1016/S0022-3476(50)80026-4

Ochsner, 1939, Chone-Chondrosternon report of a case and review of the literature, J Thorac Surg, 8, 469, 10.1016/S0096-5588(20)32070-5

Toth, 2001, Funnel chest (pectus excavatum) in 10-16th century fossil material, J Paleontol, 13, 63

Grove, 2003, A high status burial from Ripon Cathedral, North Yorkshire, England: differential diagnosis of a chest deformity, Int J Osteoarcheol, 13, 358, 10.1002/oa.696

Bauhinus, 1594, Observationum medicarum, rararum, novarum, admirabilium, et monstrosarum, liber secundus, Observation, 264, 516

Ravitch, 1949, The operative treatment of pectus excavatum, Ann Surg, 129, 429, 10.1097/00000658-194904000-00002

Wallgren, 1956, Surgical treatment of funnel chest, Exhib VIII, Int Cong Paediatr, 32

Meyer, 1922, Fur chirurgischen bedhandlung der angeborenen trichterbrust, Klin Wochenschr, 1, 647

Sauerbruch, 1920, Vol. 1

Sauerbruch, 1931, Operative beseitigung der angeborenen trichterbrust, Deutsche Zeitschr Chir, 234, 760, 10.1007/BF02797645

Brown, 1939, Pectus excavatum (funnel chest): anatomic basis; surgical treatment of the incipient stage in infancy; and correction of the deformity in the fully developed stage, J Thorac Surg, 9, 164, 10.1016/S0096-5588(20)32033-X

Ravitch, 1986, The chest wall, 568

Gross, 1953

Welch, 1958, Satisfactory surgical correction of pectus excavatum deformity in childhood, J Thorac Surg, 36, 697, 10.1016/S0096-5588(20)30116-1

Potts, 1959, The Surgeon and the Child, 79

Dorner, 1950, Pectus excavatum, J Thorac Surg, 20, 444, 10.1016/S0096-5588(20)31583-X

Adkins, 1961, Stainless steel strut for correction of pectus excavatum, Surg Gynecol Obstet, 113, 111

Lane-Smith, 1994, Repair of pectus excavatum using a Dacron vascular graft strut, J Pediatr Surg, 29, 1179, 10.1016/0022-3468(94)90794-3

De Agustin-Asensio, 1999, Titanium miniplates for the surgical correction of pectus excavatum, J Am Coll Surg, 188, 455, 10.1016/S1072-7515(98)00332-9

Actis Dato, 1999, The seagull wing self retaining prosthesis in the surgical treatment of pectus excavatum, J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino), 40, 139

Brooks, 2000, Bioabsorbable weave technique for repair of pectus excavatum, J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 119, 176, 10.1016/S0022-5223(00)70238-8

Karagounis, 2004, An innovative signle-stage repair of severe asymmetric pectus excavatum defects using substernal mesh bands, Ann Thorac Surg, 78, e19, 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2004.02.044

Marks, 1984, Silicone implant correction of pectus excavatum: indications and refinement in technique, Plast Reconstr Surg, 74, 52, 10.1097/00006534-198407000-00007

Wada, 1970, Results of 271 funnel chest operations, Ann Thorac Surg, 10, 526, 10.1016/S0003-4975(10)65390-8

Martinez, 1990, The effect of costal cartilage resection on chest wall development, Pediatr Surg Int, 5, 170, 10.1007/BF00179655

Haller, 1996, Chest wall constriction after too extensive and too early operations for pectus excavatum, Ann Thorac Surg, 61, 1618, 10.1016/0003-4975(96)00179-8

Pircova, 1995, Cardiac perforation after surgical repair of pectus excavatum, J Pediatr Surg, 30, 1506, 10.1016/0022-3468(95)90423-9

Dalrymple-Hay, 1997, Migration of pectus excavatum correction bar into the left ventricle, Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 12, 507, 10.1016/S1010-7940(97)00209-1

Onursal, 1999, A complication of pectus excavatum operation: endomyocardial steel strut, Ann Thorac Surg, 68, 1082, 10.1016/S0003-4975(99)00655-4

Paret, 1996, Laceration of the phrenic artery, J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino), 37, 193

Stefani, 1998, Migration of pectus excavatum correction metal support into the abdomen, Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 14, 434, 10.1016/S1010-7940(98)00190-0

Ellis, 1997, The ‘redo’ chest wall deformity correction, J Pediatr Surg, 32, 1267, 10.1016/S0022-3468(97)90299-2

Lacquet, 1998, Long-term results after correction of anterior chest wall deformities, Chest Surg Clin North Am, 10, 277

Nuss, 1998, A 10-year review of a minimally invasive technique for the correction of pectus excavatum, J Pediatr Surg, 33, 545, 10.1016/S0022-3468(98)90314-1

Kelley, 1929, Surgical Diseases of Children: A Modern Treatise on Pediatric Surgery, 903

Croitoru, 2002, Experience and modification update for the minimally invasive Nuss technique for pectus excavatum repair in 303 patients, J Pediatr Surg, 37, 437, 10.1053/jpsu.2002.30851

Rushing, 2007, When it's not an infection: metal allergy after the Nuss procedure for repair of pectus excavatum, J Pediatr Surg, 42, 93, 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2006.09.056

Kelly, 2007, Prospective multicenter study of surgical correction of pectus excavatum: design, perioperative complications, pain, and baseline pulmonary function facilitated by internet-based data collection, J Am Coll Surg, 205, 205, 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2007.03.027

Schier, 2006, Vacuum treatment of pectus excavaatum, Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 30, 687, 10.1016/j.ejcts.2006.07.002

Harrison, 2007, Magnetic mini-mover procedure for pectus excavtum: development, design and simulations for feasibility and safety, J Pediatr Surg, 42, 81, 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2006.09.042

Chung, 1975, Factors affecting risks of congenital malformations, Birth Defects Orig Artic Ser, 11, 1

Odelowo, 1989, Congenital chest wall malformations in Nigerians, Afr J Med Sci, 18, 263

Kaguraoka, 1992, Degree of severity of pectus excavatum and pulmonary function inpreoperative and postoperative periods, J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 104, 1483, 10.1016/S0022-5223(19)34647-1

Park, 2004, Complications associated with the Nuss procedure: analysis of risk factors and suggested measures of prevention of complications, J Pediatr Surg, 39, 391, 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2003.11.012

Nowak, 1936, Die erblische Trichterbrust, Duetsche Med Wchnschr, 62, 2003, 10.1055/s-0028-1141426

Shamberger, 1998, Congenital chest wall deformities, 787

Fossum, 1989, Surgical correction of pectus excavatum, using external splintage in two dogs and a cat, North Am Vet Med Assoc, 195, 91

McAnulty, 1989, Repair of pectus excavatum by percutaneous suturing and temporary external coaptation in a kitten, J Am Vet Med Assoc, 194, 1065

Garland, 2002, Modern CT applications in veterinary medicine, Radiographics, 22, 55, 10.1148/radiographics.22.1.g02ja1155

Kelly, 2005, Pectus excavatum in a 112-year autopsy series: anatomic findings and the effect on survival, J Pediatr Surg, 40, 1275, 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2005.05.010

Sadler, 2000, Embryology of the sternum, Chest Surg Clin North Am, 10, 237

Johnston, 1954, Gray's Anatomy, 244

Wong, 1988, Mechanical stress and morphogenetic endochondral ossification of the sternum, J Bone Joint Surg, 70, 992, 10.2106/00004623-198870070-00006

Ashley, 1956, The relationship between the pattern of ossification and the definitive shape of the mesosternum in man, J Anat, 90, 104

Van Meurs, 1999, Congenital diaphragmatic hernia: the neonatologist's perspective, Pediatr Rev, 20, 79, 10.1542/pir.20-10-e79

Ohara, 1997, Chest wall deformities and thoracic scoliosis after costal cartilage graft harvesting, Plast Reconstr Surg, 99, 1030, 10.1097/00006534-199704000-00017

Olsen, 1980, Pectus excavatum: resolution after surgical removal of upper airway obstruction, Laryngoscope, 90, 832, 10.1288/00005537-198005000-00013

Fan, 1981, Pectus excavatum from chronic airway obstruction, Am J Dis Child, 135, 550

Lane, 1984, Laryngomalacia: a review and case report of surgical treatment with resolution of pectus excavatum, Arch Otolaryngol, 110, 546, 10.1001/archotol.1984.00800340058017

Bach, 2003, Prevention of pectus excavatum for children with spinal muscular atrophy type 1, Am J Phys Med Rehabil, 82, 815, 10.1097/01.PHM.0000083669.22483.04

Feng, 2001, The biomechanical, morphologic and histochemical properties of the costal cartilages in children with pectus excavatum, J Pediatr Surg, 26, 1770, 10.1053/jpsu.2001.28820

Coulson, 1820, Deformities of the chest, London Med Gaz, 4, 69

Williams, 1872, Congenital malformation of the thorax: great depression of the sternum, Tr Path Soc London, 24, 50

Creswick, 2006, Family study of the inheritance of pectus excavatum, J Pediatr Surg, 41, 1699, 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2006.05.071

Snyder, 1934, An inherited “hollow chest”, koilosternia, a new character dependent upon a dominant autosomal gene, J Hered, 25, 445, 10.1093/jhered/25.11.445

Stoddard, 1939, The inheritance of “hollow chest”, cobbler's chest due to heredity: not an occupational deformity, J Hered, 30, 139, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a104698

Leung, 1987, Familial congenital funnel chest, Am J Med Genet, 26, 887, 10.1002/ajmg.1320260416

Salamanca, 1992, Prenatal diagnosis of pectus excavatum and its relation to Down's syndrome, Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol, 2, 446, 10.1046/j.1469-0705.1992.02060446.x

Shamberger, 1987, Mitral valve prolapse associated with pectus excavatum, J Pediatr, 111, 404, 10.1016/S0022-3476(87)80465-1

Shamberger RC. Congenital chest wall deformities. In: Pediatric Surgery (5th ed). Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier, 1998:787-817.

Waters, 1989, Scoliosis in children with pectus excavatum and pectus carinatum, J Pediatr Orthoped, 9, 551, 10.1097/01241398-198909010-00009

Cartoski, 2006, Classification of the dysmorphology of pectus excavatum, J Pediatr Surg, 41, 1573, 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2006.05.055

Mueller, 2008, Chest x-ray as a primary modality for preoperative imaging of pectus excavatum, J Pediatr Surg, 43, 71, 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2007.09.023

Chang, 2006, Long-term changes in bone and cartilage after Ravitch's thoracoplasty: findings from multislice computed tomography with 3-dimensional reconstruction, J Pediatr Surg, 41, 1947, 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2006.08.030

Lawson, 2006, Reliability of a standardized protocol to calculate cross-sectional chest area and severity indices to evaluate pectus excavatum, J Pediatr Surg, 41, 1219, 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2006.03.003

Daunt, 2004, Age-related normal ranges for the Haller index in children, Pediatr Radiol, 34, 326, 10.1007/s00247-003-1116-1

Kilda, 2007, Radiological assessment of children with pectus excavatum, Ind J Pediatr, 74, 143, 10.1007/s12098-007-0007-0

Lawson, 2003, A pilot study of the impact of surgical repair on disease-specific quality of life among patients with pectus excavatum, J Pediatr Surg, 38, 916, 10.1016/S0022-3468(03)00123-4

Kelly RE Jr, Cash TF, Shamberger RC, et al. Surgical repair of pectus excavatum markedly improves body image and perceived ability for physical activity: a multicenter study. Pediatrics. In press.

Malek, 2006, Cardiovascular function following surgical repair of pectus excavatum: a metaanalysis, Chest, 130, 506, 10.1378/chest.130.2.506

Derveaux, 1988, Mechanism of pulmonary function changes after surgical correction for funnel chest, Eur Respir J, 1, 823, 10.1183/09031936.93.01090823

Morshuis, 1994, Pulmonary function before surgery for pectus excavatum and at long-term follow-up, Chest, 105, 1646, 10.1378/chest.105.6.1646

Weber, 2005, Further experience with the operative management of asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy after pectus repair, J Pediatr Surg, 40, 173, 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2004.09.039

Saint-Mezard, 1986, Mitral valve prolapse and pectus excavatum, Presse Med, 15, 439

Warth, 1985, Prevalence of mitral valve prolapse in normal children, J Am Coll Cardiol, 5, 1173, 10.1016/S0735-1097(85)80021-8

Raggi, 2000, Is mitral valve prolapse due to cardiac entrapment in the chest cavity?, Chest, 117, 636, 10.1378/chest.117.3.636

Nuss, 2005, Congenital chest wall deformities, 245

Mocchegiani, 1995, Relation of right ventricular morphology and function in pectus excavatum to the severity of the chest wall deformity, Am J Cardiol, 76, 941, 10.1016/S0002-9149(99)80266-5

Garusi, 1964, Angiocardiographic patterns in funnel-chest, Cardiologia, 45, 312, 10.1159/000168136

Bevegard, 1962, Postural circulatory changes at rest and during exercise in patients with funnel chest, with special reference to factors affecting the stroke volume, Acta Med Scand, 171, 695, 10.1111/j.0954-6820.1962.tb04235.x

Beseir, 1972, Impairment of cardiac function in patients with pectus excavatum, with improvement after operative correction, N Engl J Med, 287, 267, 10.1056/NEJM197208102870602

Heitzer, 1998, Pectus excavatum with interior ischemia in right lateral position, Circulation, 98, 605, 10.1161/01.CIR.98.6.605

Theerthakarai, 2001, Severe pectus excavatum associated with cor pulmonale and chronic respiratory acidosis in a young woman, Chest, 119, 1957, 10.1378/chest.119.6.1957

Sigalet, 2003, Cardiopulmonary effects of closed repair of pectus excavatum, J Pediatr Surg, 38, 380, 10.1053/jpsu.2003.50112

Malek, 2003, Ventilatory and cardiovascular responses to exercise in patients with pectus excavatum, Chest, 124, 870, 10.1378/chest.124.3.870

Coln, 2006, Demonstrating relief of cardiac compression with the Nuss minimally invasive repair for pectus excavatum, J Pediatr Surg, 41, 683, 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2005.12.009

Sigalet, 2007, Long term cardiopulmonary effects of closed repair of pectus excavatum, Pediatr Surg Int, 23, 493, 10.1007/s00383-006-1861-y

Rumsey, 2004, Body image and disfigurement: issues and intervention, Body Image Int J Res, 1, 83, 10.1016/S1740-1445(03)00005-6

Wheeler, 2000, Pectus excavatum: studiously ignored in the United Kingdom?, Arch Dis Child, 82, 187, 10.1136/adc.82.3.187

Robert, 2003, Quality of life of patients who have undergone the Nuss procedure for pectus excavatum: preliminary findings, J Pediatr Surg, 38, 779, 10.1016/jpsu.2003.50166

Krasopoulos, 2006, Nuss procedure improves the quality of life in young male adults with pectus excavatum deformity, Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 29, 1, 10.1016/j.ejcts.2005.09.018

Moss, 2005, The relationships between objective and subjective ratings of disfigurement severity, and psychological adjustment, Body Image Int J Res, 2, 151, 10.1016/j.bodyim.2005.03.004

Ong, 2007, Does severity predict distress?, Body Image Int J Res, 4, 239, 10.1016/j.bodyim.2007.05.003

Tebble, 2004, Anxiety and self-consciousness in patients with minor facial lacerations, J Adv Nurs, 47, 417, 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2004.03123.x

Nuss, 2007, Our approach: MIS repair of pectus excavatum, Contemp Surg, 63, 444