Patterns of statin use and cholesterol goal attainment in a high-risk cardiovascular population: A retrospective study of primary care electronic medical records

Baigent, 2005, Efficacy and safety of cholesterol-lowering treatment: prospective meta-analysis of data from 90,056 participants in 14 randomised trials of statins, Lancet, 366, 1267, 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67394-1 Cheung, 2004, Meta-analysis of large randomized controlled trials to evaluate the impact of statins on cardiovascular outcomes, Br J Clin Pharmacol, 57, 640, 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2003.02060.x Baigent, 2010, Efficacy and safety of more intensive lowering of LDL cholesterol: a meta-analysis of data from 170,000 participants in 26 randomised trials, Lancet, 376, 1670, 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61350-5 Mills, 2011, Intensive statin therapy compared with moderate dosing for prevention of cardiovascular events: a meta-analysis of >40 000 patients, Eur Heart J, 32, 1409, 10.1093/eurheartj/ehr035 Mihaylova, 2012, The effects of lowering LDL cholesterol with statin therapy in people at low risk of vascular disease: meta-analysis of individual data from 27 randomised trials, Lancet, 380, 581, 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60367-5 Perk, 2012, European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice (version 2012): The Fifth Joint Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and Other Societies on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice, Atherosclerosis, 223, 1, 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2012.05.007 Stone, 2013, 2013 ACC/AHA guideline on the treatment of blood cholesterol to reduce atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk in adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines, J Am Coll Cardiol, 63, 2889 Ferrières, 2013, Total lipid management and cardiovascular disease in the dyslipidemia international study, Cardiology, 125, 154, 10.1159/000348859 Alemao, 2006, Evaluation of lipid-lowering therapy and cholesterol goal attainment in Finland: the National FINRISK Study, Am J Cardiovasc Drugs, 6, 349, 10.2165/00129784-200606050-00008 Banegas, 2013, Achievement of lipoprotein goals among patients with metabolic syndrome at high cardiovascular risk across Europe. The EURIKA study, Int J Cardiol, 166, 210, 10.1016/j.ijcard.2011.10.094 Pedro-Botet, 2013, [Achievement of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol therapeutic goal in lipid and vascular risk units of the Spanish Arteriosclerosis Society], Clin Investig Arterioscler, 25, 155, 10.1016/j.arteri.2013.07.006 Simpson, 2013, Treatment pattern changes in high-risk patients newly initiated on statin monotherapy in a managed care setting, J Clin Lipidol, 7, 399, 10.1016/j.jacl.2013.06.002 Toth, 2014, Therapeutic practice patterns related to statin potency and ezetimibe/simvastatin combination therapies in lowering LDL-C in patients with high-risk cardiovascular disease, J Clin Lipidol, 8, 107, 10.1016/j.jacl.2013.09.009 Shalev, 2012, Continuation of statin therapy and primary prevention of nonfatal cardiovascular events, Am J Cardiol, 110, 1779, 10.1016/j.amjcard.2012.08.013 Gomez Sandoval, 2011, Statin discontinuation in high-risk patients: a systematic review of the evidence, Curr Pharm Des, 17, 3669, 10.2174/138161211798220891 Slejko, 2014, Adherence to statins in primary prevention: yearly adherence changes and outcomes, J Manag Care Pharm, 20, 51, 10.18553/jmcp.2014.20.1.51 Bongard, 2013, Attainment of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol target in the French general population according to levels of cardiovascular risk: insights from the MONA LISA study, Arch Cardiovasc Dis, 106, 93, 10.1016/j.acvd.2012.11.003 Bolíbar, 2012, [SIDIAP database: electronic clinical records in primary care as a source of information for epidemiologic research], Med Clin (Barc), 138, 617, 10.1016/j.medcli.2012.01.020 García-Gil, 2011, Construction and validation of a scoring system for the selection of high-quality data in a Spanish population primary care database (SIDIAP), Inform Prim Care, 19, 135 Ramos, 2012, Validity for use in research on vascular diseases of the SIDIAP (Information System for the Development of Research in Primary Care): the EMMA study, Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed), 65, 29, 10.1016/j.recesp.2011.07.017 Prieto-Alhambra, 2011, Association between bisphosphonate use and implant survival after primary total arthroplasty of the knee or hip: population based retrospective cohort study, BMJ, 343, d7222, 10.1136/bmj.d7222 Vinagre, 2012, Control of glycemia and cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes in primary care in Catalonia (Spain), Diabetes Care, 35, 774, 10.2337/dc11-1679 Garcia-Gil, 2014, Linking of primary care records to census data to study the association between socioeconomic status and cancer incidence in Southern Europe: a nation-wide ecological study, PLoS One, 9, e109706, 10.1371/journal.pone.0109706 Marrugat, 2011, [Relative validity of the 10-year cardiovascular risk estimate in a population cohort of the REGICOR study], Rev Esp Cardiol, 64, 385, 10.1016/j.recesp.2010.12.011 Conroy, 2003, Estimation of ten-year risk of fatal cardiovascular disease in Europe: the SCORE project, Eur Heart J, 24, 987, 10.1016/S0195-668X(03)00114-3 Weng, 2010, A systematic review and meta-analysis on the therapeutic equivalence of statins, J Clin Pharm Ther, 35, 139, 10.1111/j.1365-2710.2009.01085.x Toth, 2008, High-dose statin therapy: benefits and safety in aggressive lipid lowering, J Fam Pract, 57, S29 Institut Català de la Salut [Internet]. Available at: http://www.gencat.cat/ics/professionals/guies/colesterol/colesterol.htm. Accessed February 25, 2015. White, 2011, Multiple imputation using chained equations: issues and guidance for practice, Stat Med, 30, 377, 10.1002/sim.4067 Sourial, 2010, Correspondence analysis is a useful tool to uncover the relationships among categorical variables, J Clin Epidemiol, 63, 638, 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2009.08.008 Hartigan, 1975, 366 Ferrières, 2010, Residual dyslipidaemia after statin treatment in France: prevalence and risk distribution, Arch Cardiovasc Dis, 103, 302, 10.1016/j.acvd.2010.04.003 Heintjes, 2012, Cholesterol level goal attainment with statins: clinical management guideline recommendations versus management in actual clinical practice, Pharmacotheraphy, 32, 631, 10.1002/j.1875-9114.2011.01086.x Barber, 2010, Genome-wide association of lipid-lowering response to statins in combined study populations, PLoS One, 5, e9763, 10.1371/journal.pone.0009763 Kim, 2014, Prediction of LDL cholesterol response to statin using transcriptomic and genetic variation, Genome Biol, 15, 460, 10.1186/s13059-014-0460-9 Simon, 2006, Phenotypic predictors of response to simvastatin therapy among African-Americans and Caucasians: the Cholesterol and Pharmacogenetics (CAP) Study, Am J Cardiol, 97, 843, 10.1016/j.amjcard.2005.09.134 Mann, 2010, Predictors of nonadherence to statins: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Ann Pharmacother, 44, 1410, 10.1345/aph.1P150 Helin-Salmivaara, 2008, Long-term persistence with statin therapy: a nationwide register study in Finland, Clin Ther, 30, 2228, 10.1016/j.clinthera.2008.12.003 Chee, 2014, Understanding patients' perspective of statin therapy: can we design a better approach to the management of dyslipidaemia? A literature review, Singapore Med J, 55, 416, 10.11622/smedj.2014099 Degli Esposti, 2012, Adherence to statin treatment and health outcomes in an Italian cohort of newly treated patients: results from an administrative database analysis, Clin Ther, 34, 190, 10.1016/j.clinthera.2011.12.011 Aarnio, 2015, Cost-effectiveness of statin treatment for primary prevention in conditions of real-world adherence—estimates from the Finnish prescription register, Atheroscler, 239, 240, 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.12.059 Phan, 2014, Statin treatment non-adherence and discontinuation: clinical implications and potential solutions, Curr Pharm Des, 20, 6314, 10.2174/1381612820666140620162629 Tannen, 2009, Use of primary care electronic medical record database in drug efficacy research on cardiovascular outcomes: comparison of database and randomised controlled trial findings, BMJ, 338, b81, 10.1136/bmj.b81 Mills, 2008, Primary prevention of cardiovascular mortality and events with statin treatments: a network meta-analysis involving more than 65,000 patients, J Am Coll Cardiol, 52, 1769, 10.1016/j.jacc.2008.08.039 Ward, 2007, A systematic review and economic evaluation of statins for the prevention of coronary events, Health Technol Assess, 11, 1, 10.3310/hta11140 Boekholdt, 2014, Very low levels of atherogenic lipoproteins and the risk for cardiovascular events: a meta-analysis of statin trials, J Am Coll Cardiol, 64, 485, 10.1016/j.jacc.2014.02.615 Ferrajolo, 2014, Pattern of statin use in southern Italian primary care: can prescription databases be used for monitoring long-term adherence to the treatment?, PLoS One, 9, e102146, 10.1371/journal.pone.0102146 Shalev, 2009, Continuation of statin treatment and all-cause mortality: a population-based cohort study, Arch Intern Med, 169, 260, 10.1001/archinternmed.2008.552