Patients with irritable bowel syndrome and constipation are more depressed than patients with functional constipation

Grundy, 2006, Fundamentals of neurogastroenterology: basic science, Gastroenterology, 130, 1391, 10.1053/j.gastro.2005.11.060 Drossman, 1998, Presidential address: gastrointestinal illness and the biopsychosocial model, Psychosomatic Medicine, 60, 258, 10.1097/00006842-199805000-00007 Drossman, 2006, Functional versus organic: an inappropriate dichotomy for clinical care, American Journal of Gastroenterology, 101, 1172, 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2006.00592.x Levy, 2006, Psychosocial aspects of the functional gastrointestinal disorders, Gastroenterology, 130, 1447, 10.1053/j.gastro.2005.11.057 Gralnek, 2000, The impact of irritable bowel syndrome on health-related quality of life, Gastroenterology, 119, 654, 10.1053/gast.2000.16484 Mykletun, 2010, Prevalence of mood and anxiety disorder in self reported irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). An epidemiological population based study of women, BMC Gastroenterology, 10, 88, 10.1186/1471-230X-10-88 Addolorato, 2008, State and trait anxiety and depression in patients affected by gastrointestinal diseases: psychometric evaluation of 1641 patients referred to an internal medicine outpatient setting, International Journal of Clinical Practice, 62, 1063, 10.1111/j.1742-1241.2008.01763.x Bourgault, 2008, Help-seeking process in women with irritable bowel syndrome. Part I: study results, Gastrointestinal Nursing, 6, 24, 10.12968/gasn.2008.6.9.31775 Bourgault, 2009, Help-seeking process in women with irritable bowel syndrome. Part 2: discussion, Gastrointestinal Nursing, 6, 28, 10.12968/gasn.2009.6.10.37852 Chattat, 1997, Illness behavior, affective disturbance and intestinal transit time in idiopathic constipation, Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 42, 95, 10.1016/S0022-3999(96)00217-6 Garvey, 1990, Frequency of constipation in major depression: relationship to other clinical variables, Psychosomatics, 31, 204, 10.1016/S0033-3182(90)72196-2 Rao, 2007, Psychological profiles and quality of life differ between patients with dyssynergia and those with slow transit constipation, Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 63, 441, 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2007.05.016 Cheng, 2003, Coping strategies, illness perception, anxiety and depression of patients with idiopathic constipation: a population-based study, Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 18, 319, 10.1046/j.1365-2036.2003.01663.x Jones, 2006, Brain-gut connections in functional GI disorders: anatomic and physiologic relationships, Neurogastroenterology & Motility, 18, 91, 10.1111/j.1365-2982.2005.00730.x Surdea-Blaga, 2012, Psychosocial determinants of irritable bowel syndrome, World Journal of Gastroenterology, 18, 616, 10.3748/wjg.v18.i7.616 Longstreth, 2006, Functional bowel disorders, Gastroenterology, 130, 1480, 10.1053/j.gastro.2005.11.061 Hartono, 2012, Anxiety and depression in various functional gastrointestinal disorders: do differences exist?, Journal of Digestive Diseases, 13, 252, 10.1111/j.1751-2980.2012.00581.x Fysekidis, 2012, Prevalence and co-occurrence of upper and lower functional gastrointestinal symptoms in patients eligible for bariatric surgery, Obesity Surgery, 22, 403, 10.1007/s11695-011-0396-z Bouchoucha, 2004, Anismus: a marker of multi-site functional disorders?, International Journal of Colorectal Disease, 19, 374, 10.1007/s00384-003-0574-0 Bharucha, 2006, Functional anorectal disorders, Gastroenterology, 130, 1510, 10.1053/j.gastro.2005.11.064 Sugaya, 2008, Relationship between subtypes of irritable bowel syndrome and severity of symptoms associated with panic disorder, Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 43, 675, 10.1080/00365520701883478 Hillila, 2008, Gastrointestinal complaints among subjects with depressive symptoms in the general population, Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 28, 648, 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2008.03771.x Robert, 2004, Modulation of sleep quality and autonomic functioning by symptoms of depression in women with irritable bowel syndrome, Digestive Diseases and Sciences, 49, 1250, 10.1023/B:DDAS.0000037820.54069.6c Beck, 1998 Spielberg, 1983 Grillon, 1993, Fear-potentiated startle: relationship to the level of state/trait anxiety in healthy subjects, Biological Psychiatry, 33, 566, 10.1016/0006-3223(93)90094-T Addolorato, 1998, Anxiety and depression: a common feature of health care seeking patients with irritable bowel syndrome and food allergy, Hepatogastroenterology, 45, 1559 Patacchioli, 2001, Actual stress, psychopathology and salivary cortisol levels in the irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), Journal of Endocrinological Investigation, 24, 173, 10.1007/BF03343838 Addolorato, 2001, Anxiety but not depression decreases in coeliac patients after one-year gluten-free diet: a longitudinal study, Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 36, 502, 10.1080/00365520119754 Bouchoucha, 1992, What is the meaning of colorectal transit time measurement?, Diseases of the Colon & Rectum, 35, 773, 10.1007/BF02050328 Bouchoucha, 2000, Error analysis of classic colonic transit time estimates, American Journal of Physiology - Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology, 279, G520, 10.1152/ajpgi.2000.279.3.G520 Hémond, 1995, Step-by-step anorectal manometry: small balloon tube, Pratical Guide to Anorectal Testing, 101 Heaton, 1991, How bad are the symptoms and bowel dysfunction of patients with the irritable bowel syndrome? A prospective, controlled study with emphasis on stool form, Gut, 32, 73, 10.1136/gut.32.1.73 Tillisch, 2005, Characterization of the alternating bowel habit subtype in patients with irritable bowel syndrome, American Journal of Gastroenterology, 100, 896, 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2005.41211.x Si, 2004, Irritable bowel syndrome consulters in Zhejiang province: the symptoms pattern, predominant bowel habit subgroups and quality of life, World Journal of Gastroenterology, 10, 1059, 10.3748/wjg.v10.i7.1059 Muscatello, 2010, Depression, anxiety and anger in subtypes of irritable bowel syndrome patients, Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings, 17, 64, 10.1007/s10880-009-9182-7 Camilleri, 2008, Prospective study of motor, sensory, psychologic, and autonomic functions in patients with irritable bowel syndrome, Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 6, 772, 10.1016/j.cgh.2008.02.060 Simren, 2001, Quality of life in patients with irritable bowel syndrome seen in referral centers versus primary care: the impact of gender and predominant bowel pattern, Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 36, 545, 10.1080/003655201750153476 Park, 2008, Psychological distress and GI symptoms are related to severity of bloating in women with irritable bowel syndrome, Research in Nursing & Health, 31, 98, 10.1002/nur.20237 Zhou, 2010, Functional constipation: implications for nursing interventions, Journal of Clinical Nursing, 19, 1838, 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2010.03246.x Mason, 2000, Psychological morbidity in women with idiopathic constipation, American Journal of Gastroenterology, 95, 2852, 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2000.02313.x Glia, 1997, Quality of life in patients with different types of functional constipation, Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 32, 1083, 10.3109/00365529709002985 Gorard, 1996, Intestinal transit in anxiety and depression, Gut, 39, 551, 10.1136/gut.39.4.551 Everhart, 1989, A longitudinal survey of self-reported bowel habits in the United States, Digestive Diseases and Sciences, 34, 1153, 10.1007/BF01537261 Spiller, 2007, Guidelines on the irritable bowel syndrome: mechanisms and practical management, Gut, 56, 1770, 10.1136/gut.2007.119446 Sheskin, 2004