Pathways Involved in Oxygen Glucose Deprivation Damage of Astrocytes
Tóm tắt
This present paper focus on transcriptome changes of astrocytes before and after oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) injury. Cortical astrocytes of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were cultured in OGD condition for 6 h, and the damage of cells was analyzed by cell’s activity detection, lactate dehydrogenase leakage rate detection, annexin V-FITC (fluorescein isothiocyanate)/PI (propidium iodide) apoptosis detection, and transcriptome change detection through Affymetrix GeneChip Rat Genome 230 2.0 Array; some regulated genes were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). After OGD injury, activity of astrocytes was decreased, and apoptosis of injured cells was increased. mRNA expressions of 404 genes were upregulated and 454 genes were downregulated, including upregulation of MAPK signal pathway and downregulation of PI3k/Akt pathway. Otherwise, pathways of the focal adhesion (percentage of all regulated genes, 11.4 %), HIF-1 (10.2 %), and one carbon pool by folate (3.4 %), etc. were upregulated, and steroid biosynthesis (7 %), basal cell carcinoma (9.9 %), and terpenoid backbone (5.6 %), etc. were down-regulated. These results indicate that apoptosis of astrocytes induced by OGD injury is associated with the MAPK and PI3k/Akt pathways.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Abdel-Aleem GA, Khaleel EF, Mostafa DG, Elberier LK (2016) Neuroprotective effect of resveratrol against brain ischemia reperfusion injury in rats entails reduction of DJ-1 protein expression and activation of PI3K/Akt/GSK3b survival pathway. Arch Physiol Biochem 20:1–14
Annovazzi L, Mellai M, Caldera V, Valente G, Tessitore L, Schiffer D (2009) mTOR, S6 and AKT expression in relation to proliferation and apoptosis/autophagy in glioma. Anticancer Res 29(8):3087–3094
Barreto G, White RE, Ouyang Y, Xu L, Giffard RG (2011) Astrocytes: targets for neuroprotection in stroke. Cent Nerv Syst Agents Med Chem 11(2):164–173
Brucklacher RM, Vannucci RC, Vannucci SJ (2002) Hypoxic preconditioning increases brain glycogen and delays energy depletion from hypoxia-ischemia in the immature rat. Dev Neurosci 24(5):411–417
Cheng YL, Choi Y, Seow WL, Manzanero S, Sobey CG, Jo DG, Arumugam TV (2014) Evidence that neuronal notch-1 promotes JNK/c-Jun activation and cell death following ischemic stress. Brain Res 1586:193–202
Cho KS, Lee EJ, Kim JN, Choi JW, Kim HY, Han SH, Ryu JH, Cheong JH, Shin CY, Kwon KJ (2015) Proteinase 3 induces neuronal cell death through microglial activation. Neurochem Res 40(11):2242–2251
Demaerschalk BM, Yip TR (2005) Economic benefit of increasing utilization of intravenous tissue plasminogen activator for acute ischemic stroke in the United States. Stroke 36(11):2500–2503
Gibson CL, Coughlan TC, Murphy SP (2005) Glial nitric oxide and ischemia. Glia 50(4):417–426
Gladbach A, van Eersel J, Bi M, Ke YD, Ittner LM (2014) ERK inhibition with PD184161 mitigates brain damage in a mouse model of stroke. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 121(5):543–547
Gong J, Li ZZ, Guo S, Zhang XJ, Zhang P, Zhao GN, Gao L, Zhang Y, Zheng A, Zhang XF, Xiang M, Li H (2015) Neuron-specific tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 3 is a central regulator of neuronal death in acute ischemic stroke. Hypertension 66(3):604–616
Han Z, Shen F, He Y, Degos V, Camus M, Maze M, Young WL, Su H (2014) Activation of α-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor reduces ischemic stroke injury through reduction of pro-inflammatory macrophages and oxidative. Stress 9(8):e105711
Hyzinski-García MC, Rudkouskaya A, Mongin AA (2014) LRRC8A protein is indispensable for swelling-activated and ATP-induced release of excitatory amino acids in rat astrocytes. J Physiol 592(22):4855–4862
Ishiguro M, Kawasaki K, Suzuki Y, Ishizuka F, Mishiro K, Egashira Y, Ikegaki I, Tsuruma K, Shimazawa M, Yoshimura S, Iwama T, Hara H (2012) A rho kinase (ROCK) inhibitor, fasudil, prevents matrix metalloproteinase-9-related hemorrhagic transformation in mice treated with tissue plasminogen activator. Neuroscience 220:302–312
Ishrat T, Pillai B, Ergul A, Hafez S, Fagan SC (2013) Candesartan reduces the hemorrhage associated with delayed tissue plasminogen activator treatment in rat embolic stroke. Neurochem Res 38(12):2668–2677
Jiang Z, Zhang Y, Chen XQ, Lam PY, Yang H, Xu Q, Yu AC (2003) Apoptosis and activation of Erkl/2 and Akt in astrocytes postischemia. Neurochem Res 28(6):831–837
Jie P, Hong Z, Tian Y, Li Y, Lin L, Zhou L, Du Y, Chen L, Chen L (2015) Activation of transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 induces apoptosis in hippocampus through downregulating PI3K/Akt and upregulating p38 MAPK signaling pathways. Cell Death Dis 6:e1775
Johnson M, Cohn J, Bakas T (2011) Emergency department nurses perceived barriers and facilitators to caring for stroke patients. J Neurosci Nurs 43(5):238–243
Khatri P (2014) Evaluation and management of acute ischemic stroke. Continuum (Minneap Minn) 20(2 Cerebrovascular Disease):283–295
Koh SH, Lo EH (2015) The role of the PI3K pathway in the regeneration of the damaged brain by neural stem cells after cerebral infarction. J Clin Neurol 11(4):297–304
Kovalska M, Kovalska L, Pavlikova M, Janickova M, Mikuskova K, Adamkov M, Kaplan P, Tatarkova Z, Lehotsky J (2012) Intracellular signaling MAPK pathway after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Neurochem Res 37(7):1568–1577
Li BS, Ma W, Zhang L, Barker JL, Stenger DA, Pant HC (2001) Activation of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI-3 K) and extracellular regulated kinases (Erk1/2) is involved in muscarinic receptor-mediated DNA synthesis in neural progenitor cells. J Neurosci Mar 21(5):1569–1579
Li LH, Tian XR, Hu ZP (2015) The key target of neuroprotection after the onset of ischemic stroke: secretory pathway Ca2+-ATPase 1. Neural Regen Res 10(8):1271–1278
Liu Y, Zhang Y, Lin L, Lin F, Li T, Du H, Chen R, Zheng W, Liu N (2013) Effects of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells on the axonal outgrowth through activation of PI3K/AKT signaling in primary cortical neurons followed oxygen-glucose deprivation injury. PLoS One 8(11):e78514
Maddahi A, Kruse LS, Chen QW, Edvinsson L (2011) The role of tumor necrosis factor-α and TNF-α receptors in cerebral arteries following cerebral ischemia in rat. J Neuroinflammation 8:107
Mahtani KR, Brook M, Dean JL, Sully G, Saklatvala J, Clark AR (2001) Mitogen-activated protein kinase p38 controls the expression and posttranslational modification of tristetraprolin, a regulator of tumor necrosis factor alpha mRNA stability. Mol Cell Biol 21(19):6461–6469
Miyawaki T, Ofengeim D, Noh KM, Latuszek-Barrantes A, Hemmings BA, Follenzi A, Zukin RS (2009) The endogenous inhibitor of Akt, CTMP, is critical to ischemia-induced neuronal death. Nat Neurosci 12(5):618–626
Naritomi H, Moriwaki H (2013) Prevention of post-stroke disuse muscle atrophy with a free radical scavenger. Front Neurol Neurosci 32:139–147
Nito C, Kamada H, Endo H, Niizuma K, Myer DJ, Chan PH (2008) Role of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase/cytosolic phospholipase A2 signaling pathway in blood-brain barrier disruption after focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 28(10):1686–1696
Noh MY, Kim YS, Lee KY, Lee YJ, Kim SH, HJ Y, Koh SH (2013) The early activation of PI3K strongly enhances the resistance of cortical neurons to hypoxic injury via the activation of downstream targets of the PI3K pathway and the normalization of the levels of PARP activity, ATP, and NAD+. Mol Neurobiol 47(2):757–769
Noshita N, Sugawara T, Lewén A, Hayashi T, Chan PH (2003) Copper-zinc superoxide dismutase affects Akt activation after transient focal cerebral ischemia in mice. Stroke 34(6):1513–1518
Reeves MJ, Arora S, Broderick JP, Frankel M, Heinrich JP, Hickenbottom S, Karp H, LaBresh KA, Malarcher A, Mensah G, Moomaw CJ, Schwamm L, Weiss P, Paul Coverdell Prototype Registries Writing Group (2005) Acute stroke care in the US: results from 4 pilot prototypes of the Paul Coverdell National Acute Stroke Registry. Stroke 36(6):1232–1240
Ren ST, Long LH, Wang M, Li YP, Qin H, Zhang H, Jing BB, Li YX, Zang WJ, Wang B, Shen XL (2012) Thrombolytic effects of a combined therapy with targeted microbubbles and ultrasound in a 6 h cerebral thrombosis rabbit model. J Thromb Thrombolysis 33(1):74–81
Rodrigues T, de França LP, Kawai C, de Faria PA, Mugnol KC, Braga FM, Tersariol IL, Smaili SS, Nantes IL (2007) Protective role of mitochondrial unsaturated lipids on the preservation of the apoptotic ability of cytochrome C exposed to singlet oxygen. J Biol Chem 282(35):25577–255887
Silachev DN, Gulyaev MV, Zorova LD, Khailova LS, Gubsky LV, Pirogov YA, Plotnikov EY, Sukhikh GT, Zorov DB (2015) Magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the ischemic brain under lithium treatment. Link to mitochondrial disorders under stroke. Chem Biol Interact 237:175–182
Sun J, Nan G (2016) The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway as a discovery target in stroke. J Mol Neurosci 59(1):90–98
Tu XK, Yang WZ, Chen JP, Chen Y, Chen Q, Chen PP, Shi SS (2015) Repetitive ischemic preconditioning attenuates inflammatory reaction and brain damage after focal cerebral ischemia in rats: involvement of PI3K/Akt and ERK1/2 signaling pathway. J Mol Neurosci 55(4):912–922
VanGilder RL, Huber JD, Rosen CL, Barr TL (2012) The transcriptome of cerebral ischemia. Brain Res Bull 88(4):313–319
Wasser G (2013) Ischemic stroke penumbra and extracorporeal ozone treatment. Neuroradiol J 26(3):243–251
Wei SY, Tong J, Xue Q, Shang FH, Li YJ, Liu Y, Feng BB, Xu XY (2015) Puerarin exhibits greater distribution and longer retention time in neurons than astrocytes in a co-cultured system. Neural Regen Res 10(4):605–609
Xu X, Zheng X (2007) Potential involvement of calcium and nitric oxide in protective effects of puerarin on oxygen–glucose deprivation in cultured hippocampal neurons. J Ethnopharmacol 113(3):421–426
Xu L, Sapolsky RM, Giffard RG (2001) Differential sensitivity of murine astrocytes and neurons from different brain regions to injury (J. Exp Neurol 169(2):416–424
Xue Q, Liu Y, Qi H, Ma Q, Xu L, Chen W, Chen G, Xu X (2013) A novel brain neurovascular unit model with neurons, astrocytes and microvascular endothelial cells of rat. Int J Biol Sci 9(2):174–189
Yu ZH, Cai M, Xiang J, Zhang ZN, Zhang JS, Song XL, Zhang W, Bao J, Li WW, Cai DF (2016) PI3K/Akt pathway contributes to neuroprotective effect of Tongxinluo against focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 181:8–19
Zhao H (2009) Ischemic postconditioning as a novel avenue to protect against brain injury after stroke. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 29(5):873–885
Zhu H, Zhang Y, Shi Z, Lu D, Li T, Ding Y, Ruan Y, Xu A (2016) The neuroprotection of Liraglutide against ischaemia-induced apoptosis through the activation of the PI3K/AKT and MAPK pathways. Sci Rep 6:26859
Zuo W, Chen J, Zhang S, Tang J, Liu H, Zhang D, Chen N (2014) IMM-H004 prevents toxicity induced by delayed treatment of tPA in a rat model of focal cerebral ischemia involving PKA-and PI3K-dependent Akt activation. Eur J Neurosci 39(12):2107–2118