Pathophysiology of Paroxysmal and Persistent Atrial Fibrillation: Rotors, Foci and Fibrosis

Heart, Lung and Circulation - Tập 26 Số 9 - Trang 887-893 - 2017
Dennis H. Lau1, Dominik Linz1,2, Ulrich Schotten3, Rajiv Mahajan1, Prashanthan Sanders1, Jonathan M. Kalman4
1Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Adelaide and Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
2Pathophysiology of Atrial Fibrillation, University Hospital of Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany
3Department of Physiology, Maastricht University, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), The Netherlands
4Department of Cardiology, Royal Melbourne Hospital and Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia

Tóm tắt

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Schotten, 2011, Pathophysiological mechanisms of atrial fibrillation: a translational appraisal, Physiol Rev, 91, 265, 10.1152/physrev.00031.2009

Lau, 2016, Novel mechanisms in the pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation: practical applications, Eur Heart J, 37, 1573, 10.1093/eurheartj/ehv375

Andrade, 2014, The clinical profile and pathophysiology of atrial fibrillation: relationships among clinical features, epidemiology, and mechanisms, Circ Res, 114, 1453, 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.114.303211

Jahangir, 2007, Long-term progression and outcomes with aging in patients with lone atrial fibrillation: a 30-year follow-up study, Circulation, 115, 3050, 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.644484

Gillis, 2000, Temporal patterns of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation following DDDR pacemaker implantation, Am J Cardiol, 85, 1445, 10.1016/S0002-9149(00)00792-X

Charitos, 2014, Clinical classifications of atrial fibrillation poorly reflect its temporal persistence: insights from 1,195 patients continuously monitored with implantable devices, J Am Coll Cardiol, 63, 2840, 10.1016/j.jacc.2014.04.019

Nabauer, 2009, The Registry of the German Competence NETwork on Atrial Fibrillation: patient characteristics and initial management, Europace, 11, 423, 10.1093/europace/eun369

Teh, 2012, Electroanatomic remodeling of the left atrium in paroxysmal and persistent atrial fibrillation patients without structural heart disease, J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, 23, 232, 10.1111/j.1540-8167.2011.02178.x

Teh, 2010, Prevalence of fractionated electrograms in the coronary sinus: comparison between patients with persistent or paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and a control population, Heart Rhythm, 7, 1200, 10.1016/j.hrthm.2010.05.011

Sanders, 2005, Spectral analysis identifies sites of high-frequency activity maintaining atrial fibrillation in humans, Circulation, 112, 789, 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.517011

Stiles, 2008, High-density mapping of atrial fibrillation in humans: relationship between high-frequency activation and electrogram fractionation, J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, 19, 1245, 10.1111/j.1540-8167.2008.01253.x

Allessie, 2010, Electropathological substrate of long-standing persistent atrial fibrillation in patients with structural heart disease: longitudinal dissociation, Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol, 3, 606, 10.1161/CIRCEP.109.910125

de Groot, 2010, Electropathological substrate of longstanding persistent atrial fibrillation in patients with structural heart disease: epicardial breakthrough, Circulation, 122, 1674, 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.910901

Lau, 2010, Hypertension and atrial fibrillation: evidence of progressive atrial remodeling with electrostructural correlate in a conscious chronically instrumented ovine model, Heart Rhythm, 7, 1282, 10.1016/j.hrthm.2010.05.010

Lau, 2010, Short-term hypertension is associated with the development of atrial fibrillation substrate: a study in an ovine hypertensive model, Heart Rhythm, 7, 396, 10.1016/j.hrthm.2009.11.031

Kistler, 2006, Atrial electrical and structural abnormalities in an ovine model of chronic blood pressure elevation after prenatal corticosteroid exposure: implications for development of atrial fibrillation, Eur Heart J, 27, 3045, 10.1093/eurheartj/ehl360

Lau, 2013, Atrial arrhythmia in ageing spontaneously hypertensive rats: unraveling the substrate in hypertension and ageing, PLoS One, 8, e72416, 10.1371/journal.pone.0072416

Li, 1999, Promotion of atrial fibrillation by heart failure in dogs: atrial remodeling of a different sort, Circulation, 100, 87, 10.1161/01.CIR.100.1.87

Lau, 2011, Atrial remodeling in an ovine model of anthracycline-induced nonischemic cardiomyopathy: remodeling of the same sort, J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, 22, 175

Linz, 2016, Cathepsin A mediates susceptibility to atrial tachyarrhythmia and impairment of atrial emptying function in Zucker diabetic fatty rats, Cardiovasc Res, 110, 371, 10.1093/cvr/cvw071

Abed, 2013, Obesity results in progressive atrial structural and electrical remodeling: implications for atrial fibrillation, Heart Rhythm, 10, 90, 10.1016/j.hrthm.2012.08.043

Mahajan, 2015, Electrophysiological, Electroanatomical, and Structural Remodeling of the Atria as Consequences of Sustained Obesity, J Am Coll Cardiol, 66, 1, 10.1016/j.jacc.2015.04.058

Iwasaki, 2014, Atrial fibrillation promotion with long-term repetitive obstructive sleep apnea in a rat model, J Am Coll Cardiol, 64, 2013, 10.1016/j.jacc.2014.05.077

Verheule, 2013, Loss of continuity in the thin epicardial layer because of endomysial fibrosis increases the complexity of atrial fibrillatory conduction, Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol, 6, 202, 10.1161/CIRCEP.112.975144

Eckstein, 2013, Transmural conduction is the predominant mechanism of breakthrough during atrial fibrillation: evidence from simultaneous endo-epicardial high-density activation mapping, Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol, 6, 334, 10.1161/CIRCEP.113.000342

Hatem, 2014, Epicardial adipose tissue and atrial fibrillation, Cardiovasc Res, 102, 205, 10.1093/cvr/cvu045

Polontchouk, 2001, Effects of chronic atrial fibrillation on gap junction distribution in human and rat atria, J Am Coll Cardiol, 38, 883, 10.1016/S0735-1097(01)01443-7

Rucker-Martin, 2006, Chronic hemodynamic overload of the atria is an important factor for gap junction remodeling in human and rat hearts, Cardiovasc Res, 72, 69, 10.1016/j.cardiores.2006.06.016

Verheule, 2014, Role of endo-epicardial dissociation of electrical activity and transmural conduction in the development of persistent atrial fibrillation, Prog Biophys Mol Biol, 115, 173, 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2014.07.007

Maesen, 2013, Rearrangement of atrial bundle architecture and consequent changes in anisotropy of conduction constitute the 3-dimensional substrate for atrial fibrillation, Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol, 6, 967, 10.1161/CIRCEP.113.000050

Medi, 2011, Atrial electrical and structural changes associated with longstanding hypertension in humans: implications for the substrate for atrial fibrillation, J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, 22, 1317, 10.1111/j.1540-8167.2011.02125.x

Dimitri, 2012, Atrial remodeling in obstructive sleep apnea: implications for atrial fibrillation, Heart Rhythm, 9, 321, 10.1016/j.hrthm.2011.10.017

Sanders, 2003, Electrical Remodeling of the Atria in Congestive Heart Failure, Electrophysiological and Electroanatomic Mapping in Humans, 108, 1461

Malcolme-Lawes, 2013, Automated analysis of atrial late gadolinium enhancement imaging that correlates with endocardial voltage and clinical outcomes: a 2-center study, Heart Rhythm, 10, 1184, 10.1016/j.hrthm.2013.04.030

Harrison, 2014, Cardiac magnetic resonance and electroanatomical mapping of acute and chronic atrial ablation injury: a histological validation study, Eur Heart J, 35, 1486, 10.1093/eurheartj/eht560

Konings, 1994, High-density mapping of electrically induced atrial fibrillation in humans, Circulation, 89, 1665, 10.1161/01.CIR.89.4.1665

Fiala, 2010, Left atrial voltage during atrial fibrillation in paroxysmal and persistent atrial fibrillation patients, Pacing Clin Electrophysiol, 33, 541, 10.1111/j.1540-8159.2009.02646.x

Daccarett, 2011, Association of left atrial fibrosis detected by delayed-enhancement magnetic resonance imaging and the risk of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation, J Am Coll Cardiol, 57, 831, 10.1016/j.jacc.2010.09.049

Haissaguerre, 2016, Intermittent drivers anchoring to structural heterogeneities as a major pathophysiological mechanism of human persistent atrial fibrillation, J Physiol, 594, 2387, 10.1113/JP270617

Marrouche, 2014, Association of atrial tissue fibrosis identified by delayed enhancement MRI and atrial fibrillation catheter ablation: the DECAAF study, JAMA, 311, 498, 10.1001/jama.2014.3

Rolf, 2014, Tailored atrial substrate modification based on low-voltage areas in catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation, Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol, 7, 825, 10.1161/CIRCEP.113.001251

Wu, 2013, Benefits and risks of additional ablation of complex fractionated atrial electrograms for patients with atrial fibrillation: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Int J Cardiol, 169, 35, 10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.08.083

Narayan, 2012, Treatment of atrial fibrillation by the ablation of localized sources: CONFIRM (Conventional Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation With or Without Focal Impulse and Rotor Modulation) trial, J Am Coll Cardiol, 60, 628, 10.1016/j.jacc.2012.05.022

Haissaguerre, 2014, Driver domains in persistent atrial fibrillation, Circulation, 130, 530, 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.005421

Swarup, 2014, Stability of rotors and focal sources for human atrial fibrillation: focal impulse and rotor mapping (FIRM) of AF sources and fibrillatory conduction, J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, 25, 1284, 10.1111/jce.12559

Kuklik, 2017, Identification of Rotors during Human Atrial Fibrillation Using Contact Mapping and Phase Singularity Detection: Technical Considerations, IEEE Trans Biomed Eng, 64, 310, 10.1109/TBME.2016.2554660

Vijayakumar, 2016, Methodology Considerations in Phase Mapping of Human Cardiac Arrhythmias, Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol, 9, 10.1161/CIRCEP.116.004409

Lee, 2014, Epicardial wave mapping in human long-lasting persistent atrial fibrillation: transient rotational circuits, complex wavefronts, and disorganized activity, Eur Heart J, 35, 86, 10.1093/eurheartj/eht267

Walters, 2015, Temporal Stability of Rotors and Atrial Activation Patterns in Persistent Human Atrial Fibrillation, JACC: Clinical Electrophysiology, 1, 14

Lim, 2017, Complexity and Distribution of Drivers in Relation to Duration of Persistent Atrial Fibrillation, J Am Coll Cardiol, 69, 1257, 10.1016/j.jacc.2017.01.014

Narayan, 2014, J Am Coll Cardiol, 63, 1761, 10.1016/j.jacc.2014.02.543

Miller, 2017, Clinical Benefit of Ablating Localized Sources for Human Atrial Fibrillation: The Indiana University FIRM Registry, J Am Coll Cardiol, 69, 1247, 10.1016/j.jacc.2016.11.079

Steinberg, 2017, Focal impulse and rotor modulation: Acute procedural observations and extended clinical follow-up, Heart Rhythm, 14, 192, 10.1016/j.hrthm.2016.11.008

Buch, 2016, Long-term clinical outcomes of focal impulse and rotor modulation for treatment of atrial fibrillation: A multicenter experience, Heart Rhythm, 13, 636, 10.1016/j.hrthm.2015.10.031

Lau, 2013, Aortic stiffness in lone atrial fibrillation: a novel risk factor for arrhythmia recurrence, PLoS One, 8, e76776, 10.1371/journal.pone.0076776

McLellan, 2015, Reverse cardiac remodeling after renal denervation: Atrial electrophysiologic and structural changes associated with blood pressure lowering, Heart Rhythm, 12, 982, 10.1016/j.hrthm.2015.01.039

Linz, 2014, Renal denervation: effects on atrial electrophysiology and arrhythmias, Clin Res Cardiol, 103, 765, 10.1007/s00392-014-0695-1

Pathak, 2015, Long-Term Effect of Goal-Directed Weight Management in an Atrial Fibrillation Cohort: A Long-Term Follow-Up Study (LEGACY), J Am Coll Cardiol, 65, 2159, 10.1016/j.jacc.2015.03.002

Abed, 2013, Effect of weight reduction and cardiometabolic risk factor management on symptom burden and severity in patients with atrial fibrillation: a randomized clinical trial, JAMA, 310, 2050, 10.1001/jama.2013.280521

Pathak, 2014, Aggressive Risk Factor Reduction Study for Atrial Fibrillation and Implications for the Outcome of Ablation: the ARREST-AF Cohort Study, J Am Coll Cardiol, 64, 2222, 10.1016/j.jacc.2014.09.028

Pathak, 2015, Impact of CARDIOrespiratory FITness on Arrhythmia Recurrence in Obese Individuals With Atrial Fibrillation: The CARDIO-FIT Study, J Am Coll Cardiol, 66, 985, 10.1016/j.jacc.2015.06.488

Malmo, 2016, Aerobic Interval Training Reduces the Burden of Atrial Fibrillation in the Short Term: A Randomized Trial, Circulation, 133, 466, 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.018220