Pathophysiology of Migraine

Neurologic Clinics - Tập 37 Số 4 - Trang 651-671 - 2019
Peter J. Goadsby1, Philip R. Holland1
1Headache Group, Basic and Clinical Neurosciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, UK

Tóm tắt

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Goadsby, 2017, Pathophysiology of migraine- a disorder of sensory processing, Physiol Rev, 97, 553, 10.1152/physrev.00034.2015

Hoffmann, 2018, Diagnosis, pathophysiology, and management of cluster headache, Lancet Neurol, 17, 75, 10.1016/S1474-4422(17)30405-2

Lance, 2005

Olesen, 2005

2018, The international classification of headache disorders, 3rd edition, Cephalalgia, 38, 1, 10.1177/0333102417738202

Giffin, 2003, Premonitory symptoms in migraine: an electronic diary study, Neurology, 60, 935, 10.1212/01.WNL.0000052998.58526.A9

Karsan, 2018, Biological insights from the premonitory symptoms of migraine, Nat Rev Neurol, 14, 699, 10.1038/s41582-018-0098-4

Viana, 2017, Clinical features of migraine aura: Results from a prospective diary-aided study, Cephalalgia, 37, 979, 10.1177/0333102416657147

Gelfand, 2013, Cranial autonomic symptoms in pediatric migraine are the rule, not the exception, Neurology, 81, 431, 10.1212/WNL.0b013e31829d872a

Lai, 2009, Cranial autonomic symptoms in migraine: characteristics and comparison with cluster headache, J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 80, 1116, 10.1136/jnnp.2008.157743

Obermann, 2007, Prevalence of trigeminal autonomic symptoms in migraine: a population-based study, Cephalalgia, 27, 504, 10.1111/j.1468-2982.2007.01316.x

Tolner, 2015, From migraine genes to mechanisms, Pain, 156, S64, 10.1097/01.j.pain.0000460346.00213.16

Silberstein, 2002

Willis, 1682

Russell, 1997, Genetic epidemiology of migraine and cluster headache, Cephalalgia, 17, 683, 10.1046/j.1468-2982.1997.1706683.x

Ulrich, 1999, Evidence of a genetic factor in migraine with aura: a population based Danish twin study, Ann Neurol, 45, 242, 10.1002/1531-8249(199902)45:2<242::AID-ANA15>3.0.CO;2-1

Mochi, 1993, Testing models for genetic determination in migraine, Cephalalgia, 13, 389, 10.1046/j.1468-2982.1993.1306389.x

Lalouel, 1981, Complex segregation analysis with pointers, Hum Hered, 31, 312, 10.1159/000153231

Russell, 1995, Investigation of the inheritance of migraine by complex segregation analysis, Hum Genet, 96, 726, 10.1007/BF00210307

Scher, 2006, Migraine and MTHFR C677T genotype in a population-based sample, Ann Neurol, 59, 372, 10.1002/ana.20755

Joutel, 1996, Notch3 mutations in CADASIL, a hereditary adult-onset condition causing stroke and dementia, Nature, 383, 707, 10.1038/383707a0

Richards, 2007, C-terminal truncations in human 3'-5' DNA exonuclease TREX1 cause autosomal dominant retinal vasculopathy with cerebral leukodystrophy, Nat Genet, 39, 1068, 10.1038/ng2082

Diener, 2007, Patent foramen ovale and migraine, Curr Pain Headache Rep, 11, 236, 10.1007/s11916-007-0196-2

Kurth, 2007, Migraine and ischaemic vascular events, Cephalalgia, 27, 965, 10.1111/j.1468-2982.2007.01405.x

Joutel, 1994, Genetic heterogeneity of familial hemiplegic migraine, Am J Hum Genet, 55, 1166

Ophoff, 1994, Genetic heterogeneity of familial hemiplegic migraine, Genomics, 22, 21, 10.1006/geno.1994.1340

Ducros, 2001, The clinical spectrum of familial hemiplegic migraine associated with mutations in a neuronal calcium channel, N Engl J Med, 345, 17, 10.1056/NEJM200107053450103

Joutel, 1993, A gene for familial hemiplegic migraine maps to chromosome 19, Nat Genet, 5, 40, 10.1038/ng0993-40

Haan, 1994, Familial hemiplegic migraine in The Netherlands, Clin Neurol Neurosurg, 96, 244, 10.1016/0303-8467(94)90076-0

Teh, 1995, Familial cerebellar periodic ataxia without myokymia maps to a 19-cM region on 19p13, Am J Hum Genet, 56, 1443

Terwindt, 1996, Familial hemiplegic migraine: a clinical comparison of families linked and unlinked to chromosome 19, Cephalalgia, 16, 153, 10.1046/j.1468-2982.1996.1603153.x

Ophoff, 1996, Familial hemiplegic migraine and episodic ataxia type-2 are caused by mutations in the Ca2+ channel gene CACNL1A4, Cell, 87, 543, 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81373-2

Ertel, 2000, Nomenclature of voltage-gated calcium channels, Neuron, 25, 533, 10.1016/S0896-6273(00)81057-0

Marconi, 2003, Familial hemiplegic migraine type 2 is linked to 0.9Mb region on chromosome 1q23, Ann Neurol, 53, 376, 10.1002/ana.10464

De Fusco, 2003, Haploinsufficiency of ATP1A2 encoding the Na+/K+ pump a2 subunit associated with familial hemiplegic migraine type 2, Nat Genet, 33, 192, 10.1038/ng1081

Vanmolkot, 2003, Novel mutations in the Na+,K+-ATPase pump gene ATP1A2 associated with Familial Hemiplegic Migraine and Benign Familial Infantile Convulsions, Ann Neurol, 54, 360, 10.1002/ana.10674

Jurkat-Rott, 2004, Variability of familial hemiplegic migraine with novel A1A2 Na+/K+-ATPase variants, Neurology, 62, 1857, 10.1212/01.WNL.0000127310.11526.FD

Swoboda, 2004, Alternating hemiplegia of childhood or familial hemiplegic migraine?: A novel ATP1A2 mutation, Ann Neurol, 55, 884, 10.1002/ana.20134

Dichgans, 2005, Mutation in the neuronal voltage-gated sodium channel SCN1A causes familial hemiplegic migraine, Lancet, 366, 371, 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)66786-4

Goadsby, 2005, Another migraine gene - further opportunities to understand an important disorder, The Lancet, 366, 345, 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)66787-6

van den Maagdenberg, 2004, A Cacna1a knock-in migraine mouse model with increased susceptibility to cortical spreading depression, Neuron, 41, 701, 10.1016/S0896-6273(04)00085-6

Goadsby, 2004, Migraine aura: a knock-in mouse with a knock-out message, Neuron, 41, 679, 10.1016/S0896-6273(04)00112-6

Rasmussen, 1992, Migraine with aura and migraine without aura: an epidemiological study, Cephalalgia, 12, 221, 10.1046/j.1468-2982.1992.1204221.x

Olesen, 1990, Timing and topography of cerebral blood flow, aura, and headache during migraine attacks, Ann Neurol, 28, 791, 10.1002/ana.410280610

Cutrer, 1998, Perfusion-weighted imaging defects during spontaneous migrainous aura, Ann Neurol, 43, 25, 10.1002/ana.410430108

Leao, 1944, Pial circulation and spreading activity in the cerebral cortex, J Neurophysiol, 7, 391, 10.1152/jn.1944.7.6.391

Leao, 1944, Spreading depression of activity in cerebral cortex, J Neurophysiol, 7, 359, 10.1152/jn.1944.7.6.359

Lauritzen, 1994, Pathophysiology of the migraine aura. The spreading depression theory, Brain, 117, 199, 10.1093/brain/117.1.199

Lashley, 1941, Patterns of cerebral integration indicated by the scotomas of migraine, AMA Arch Neurol Psychiatry, 46, 331, 10.1001/archneurpsyc.1941.02280200137007

Hansen, 2013, Distinctive anatomical and physiological features of migraine aura revealed by 18 years of recording, Brain, 136, 3589, 10.1093/brain/awt309

Olesen, 1981, Focal hyperemia followed by spreading oligemia and impaired activation of rCBF in classic migraine, Ann Neurol, 9, 344, 10.1002/ana.410090406

Sakai, 1979, Abnormal cerebrovascular reactivity in patients with migraine and cluster headache, Headache, 19, 257, 10.1111/j.1526-4610.1979.hed1905257.x

Lauritzen, 1983, Regulation of regional cerebral blood flow during and between migraine attacks, Ann Neurol, 14, 569, 10.1002/ana.410140512

Harer, 1991, Cerebrovascular CO2 reactivity in migraine: assessment by transcranial Doppler ultrasound, J Neurol, 238, 23

Kaube, 1994, Anti-migraine compounds fail to modulate the propagation of cortical spreading depression in the cat, Eur Neurol, 34, 30, 10.1159/000117004

Lambert, 1999, Effect of cortical spreading depression on activity of trigeminovascular sensory neurons, Cephalalgia, 19, 631, 10.1046/j.1468-2982.1999.019007631.x

Kaube, 1999, Vasodilator agents and supracollicular transection fail to inhibit cortical spreading depression in the cat, Cephalalgia, 19, 592, 10.1046/j.1468-2982.1999.019006592.x

Brennan, 2007, Reduced threshold for cortical spreading depression in female mice, Ann Neurol, 61, 603, 10.1002/ana.21138

Hadjikhani, 2001, Mechanisms of migraine aura revealed by functional MRI in human visual cortex, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 98, 4687, 10.1073/pnas.071582498

Moskowitz, 2004, Deciphering migraine mechanisms: clues from familial hemiplegic migraine genotypes, Ann Neurol, 55, 276, 10.1002/ana.20035

Goadsby, 2001, Migraine, aura and cortical spreading depression: why are we still talking about it?, Ann Neurol, 49, 4, 10.1002/1531-8249(200101)49:1<4::AID-ANA3>3.0.CO;2-W

Goadsby, 2009, Randomized double blind, placebo-controlled proof-of-concept study of the cortical spreading depression inhibiting agent tonabersat in migraine prophylaxis, Cephalalgia, 29, 742, 10.1111/j.1468-2982.2008.01804.x

Hauge, 2009, Effects of tonabersat on migraine with aura: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study, Lancet Neurol, 8, 718, 10.1016/S1474-4422(09)70135-8

Read, 1999, SB-220453, a potential novel antimigraine compound, inhibits nitric oxide release following induction of cortical spreading depression in the anaesthetized cat, Cephalalgia, 20, 92, 10.1046/j.1468-2982.2000.00022.x

Smith, 2000, Repetitive cortical spreading depression in a gyrencephalic feline brain: inhibition by the novel benzoylamino-benzopyran SB-220453, Cephalalgia, 20, 546, 10.1046/j.1468-2982.2000.00092.x

MaassenVanDenBrink, 2000, The potential anti-migraine compound SB-220453 does not contract human isolated blood vessels or myocardium; a comparison with sumatriptan, Cephalalgia, 20, 538, 10.1046/j.1468-2982.2000.00078.x

Parsons, 2001, Tonabersat (SB-220453) a novel benzopyran with anticonvulsant properties attenuates trigeminal nerve-induced neurovascular reflexes, Br J Pharmacol, 132, 1549, 10.1038/sj.bjp.0703932

Diener, 2004, Topiramate in migraine prophylaxis--results from a placebo-controlled trial with propranolol as an active control, J Neurol, 251, 943

Brandes, 2004, Topiramate for migraine prevention: a randomized controlled trial, JAMA, 291, 965, 10.1001/jama.291.8.965

Silberstein, 2004, Topiramate in migraine prevention: results of a large controlled trial, Arch Neurol, 61, 490, 10.1001/archneur.61.4.490

Akerman, 2005, Topiramate inhibits cortical spreading depression in rat and cat: impact in migraine aura, Neuroreport, 16, 1383, 10.1097/01.wnr.0000175250.33159.a9

Ayata, 2006, Suppression of cortical spreading depression in migraine prophylaxis, Ann Neurol, 59, 652, 10.1002/ana.20778

Tvedskov, 2004, A double-blind study of SB-220453 (Tonerbasat) in the glyceryltrinitrate (GTN) model of migraine, Cephalalgia, 24, 875, 10.1111/j.1468-2982.2004.00762.x

Tvedskov, 2004, The effect of propranolol on glyceryltrinitrate-induced headache and arterial response, Cephalalgia, 24, 1076, 10.1111/j.1468-2982.2004.00796.x

Tvedskov, 2004, The prophylactic effect of valproate on glyceryltrinitrate induced migraine, Cephalalgia, 24, 576, 10.1111/j.1468-2982.2003.00720.x

Storer, 2004, Topiramate inhibits trigeminovascular neurons in the cat, Cephalalgia, 24, 1049, 10.1111/j.1468-2982.2004.00767.x

Storer, 2005, Topiramate has a locus of action outside of the trigeminocervical complex, Cephalalgia, 25, 934

Akerman, 2008, Mechanically-induced cortical spreading depression associated regional cerebral blood flow changes are blocked by Na+ ion channel blockade, Brain Res, 1229, 27, 10.1016/j.brainres.2008.07.014

Kaube, 2000, Aura in some patients with familial hemiplegic migraine can be stopped by intranasal ketamine, Neurology, 55, 139, 10.1212/WNL.55.1.139

May, 1998, Hypothalamic activation in cluster headache attacks, The Lancet, 352, 275, 10.1016/S0140-6736(98)02470-2

May, 1999, Intra-cranial vessels in trigeminal transmitted pain: a PET Study, Neuroimage, 9, 453, 10.1006/nimg.1999.0427

Matharu, 2006, Posterior hypothalamic activation in paroxysmal hemicrania, Ann Neurol, 59, 535, 10.1002/ana.20763

Matharu, 2004, Posterior hypothalamic and brainstem activation in hemicrania continua, Headache, 44, 747, 10.1111/j.1526-4610.2004.04141.x

Maniyar, 2014, Brain activations in the premonitory phase of nitroglycerin triggered migraine attacks, Brain, 137, 232, 10.1093/brain/awt320

Schulte, 2016, The migraine generator revisited: continuous scanning of the migraine cycle over 30 days and three spontaneous attacks, Brain, 139, 1987, 10.1093/brain/aww097

Sprenger, 2012, Midbrain activation in the premonitory phase of migraine: a H215O-positron emission tomography study, Headache, 52, 863

Denuelle, 2007, Hypothalamic activation in spontaneous migraine attacks, Headache, 47, 1418, 10.1111/j.1526-4610.2007.00776.x

Malick, 1998, Cells of origin of the trigeminohypothalamic tract in the rat, J Comp Neurol, 400, 125, 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9861(19981012)400:1<125::AID-CNE9>3.0.CO;2-B

Malick, 2000, Trigeminohypothalamic and reticulohypothalamic tract neurons in the upper cervical spinal cord and caudal medulla of the rat, J Neurophysiol, 84, 2078, 10.1152/jn.2000.84.4.2078

Robert, 2013, Paraventricular hypothalamic regulation of trigeminovascular mechanisms involved in headaches, J Neurosci, 33, 8827, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0439-13.2013

Settle, 2000, The hypothalamus, Neonatal Netw, 19, 9, 10.1891/0730-0832.19.6.9

Graebner, 2015, Understanding how discrete populations of hypothalamic neurons orchestrate complicated behavioral states, Front Syst Neurosci, 9, 111, 10.3389/fnsys.2015.00111

Schulte, 2017, Hypothalamus as a mediator of chronic migraine: Evidence from high-resolution fMRI, Neurology, 88, 2011, 10.1212/WNL.0000000000003963

Benjamin, 2004, Hypothalamic activation after stimulation of the superior sagittal sinus in the cat: a Fos study, Neurobiol Dis, 16, 500, 10.1016/j.nbd.2004.03.015

Malick, 2001, A neurohistochemical blueprint for pain-induced loss of appetite, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 98, 9930, 10.1073/pnas.171616898

Peyron, 1998, Neurons containing hypocretin (orexin) project to multiple neuronal systems, J Neurosci, 18, 9996, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.18-23-09996.1998

Bartsch, 2004, Differential modulation of nociceptive dural input to [hypocretin] Orexin A and B receptor activation in the posterior hypothalamic area, Pain, 109, 367, 10.1016/j.pain.2004.02.005

Lipton, 2014, Reduction in percieved stress as a migraine trigger: testing the "let-down headache" hypothesis, Neurology, 82, 1395, 10.1212/WNL.0000000000000332

Waterson, 2015, Neuronal regulation of energy homeostasis: beyond the hypothalamus and feeding, Cell Metab, 22, 962, 10.1016/j.cmet.2015.09.026

Buijs, 2017, Synchrony between suprachiasmatic nucleus-driven signals and the light/dark cycle is essential for liver homeostasis, Hepatology, 65, 2110, 10.1002/hep.29124

Parker, 2012, Hypothalamic neuropeptides and the regulation of appetite, Neuropharmacology, 63, 18, 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2012.02.004

Holland, 2014, Headache and sleep: shared pathophysiological mechanisms, Cephalalgia, 34, 725, 10.1177/0333102414541687

Holland, 2009, Cluster headache, hypothalamus, and orexin, Curr Pain Headache Rep, 13, 147, 10.1007/s11916-009-0025-x

Thorn, 1970, Antidiuretic hormone synthesis, release, and action under normal and pathological circumstances, Adv Metab Disord, 4, 39, 10.1016/B978-0-12-027304-1.50008-9

Brennan, 2013, Casein kinase id mutations in familial migraine and advanced sleep phase, Sci Transl Med, 5, 183ra56, 10.1126/scitranslmed.3005784

Holland PR, Goadsby PJ. Orexin and primary headache disorders. In: Lawrence AJ, de Lecea L, editors. Behavioural neuroscience of orexin/hypocretin. Current topics in behavioral neurosciences. New York: Springer, in press.

van Oosterhout, 2018, Chronotypes and circadian timing in migraine, Cephalalgia, 38, 617, 10.1177/0333102417698953

Hastings, 2018, Generation of circadian rhythms in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, Nat Rev Neurosci, 19, 453, 10.1038/s41583-018-0026-z

Martins-Oliveira, 2017, Neuroendocrine signaling modulates specific neural networks relevant to migraine, Neurobiol Dis, 101, 16, 10.1016/j.nbd.2017.01.005

Akerman, 2011, Diencephalic and brainstem mechanisms in migraine, Nat Rev Neurosci, 12, 570, 10.1038/nrn3057

Penfield, 1940, Dural headache and innervation of the dura mater, AMA Arch Neurol Psychiatry, 44, 43, 10.1001/archneurpsyc.1940.02280070051003

Ray, 1940, Experimental studies on headache. Pain sensitive structures of the head and their significance in headache, Arch Surg, 41, 813, 10.1001/archsurg.1940.01210040002001

McNaughton, 1977, Innervation of intracranial structures: a reappraisal, 279

Edvinsson, 1988, Nerve supply and receptor mechanisms in intra- and extracerebral blood vessels, 127

Uddman, 1985, Innervation of the feline cerebral vasculature by nerve fibers containing calcitonin gene-related peptide: trigeminal origin and co-existence with substance P, Neurosci Lett, 62, 131, 10.1016/0304-3940(85)90296-4

Uddman, 1993, Localization of pituitary adenylate cylase activating peptide (PACAP) in cerebral vessels. Colocalization with VIP, effects in cerebral blood vessels in vitro and in situ and on cerebral blood flow, J Cereb Blood Flow Metab, 13, S633

Uddman, 1989, Neuropeptides in the cerebral circulation, Cerebrovasc Brain Metab Rev, 1, 230

O'Connor, 1988, Enrichment of a vasoactive neuropeptide (calcitonin gene related peptide) in trigeminal sensory projection to the intracranial arteries, J Neurosci, 8, 2468, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.08-07-02468.1988

Millan, 2002, Descending control of pain, Prog Neurobiol, 66, 355, 10.1016/S0301-0082(02)00009-6

Burstein, 1998, Chemical stimulation of the intracranial dura induces enhanced responses to facial stimulation in brain stem trigeminal neurons, J Neurophysiol, 79, 964, 10.1152/jn.1998.79.2.964

Liu, 2008, Central projections of the sensory innervation of the rat middle meningeal artery, Brain Res, 1208, 103, 10.1016/j.brainres.2008.02.078

Liu, 2004, Central projections of sensory innervation of the rat superior sagittal sinus, Neuroscience, 129, 431, 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2004.07.045

Holland, 2006, Modulation of nociceptive dural input to the trigeminal nucleus caudalis via activation of the orexin 1 receptor in the rat, Eur J Neurosci, 24, 2825, 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2006.05168.x

Rodriguez, 2017, A craniofacial-specific monosynaptic circuit enables heightened affective pain, Nat Neurosci, 20, 1734, 10.1038/s41593-017-0012-1

Cechetto, 1985, Spinal and trigeminal dorsal horn projections to the parabrachial nucleus in the rat, J Comp Neurol, 240, 153, 10.1002/cne.902400205

Dallel, 2004, Organization of parabrachial projections from the spinal trigeminal nucleus oralis: an anterograde tracing study in the rat, J Comp Neurol, 470, 181, 10.1002/cne.11043

Panneton, 2014, Direct reticular projections of trigeminal sensory fibers immunoreactive to CGRP: potential monosynaptic somatoautonomic projections, Front Neurosci, 8, 136, 10.3389/fnins.2014.00136

Zhang, 2018, VGLUT1 or VGLUT2 mRNA-positive neurons in spinal trigeminal nucleus provide collateral projections to both the thalamus and the parabrachial nucleus in rats, Mol Brain, 11, 22, 10.1186/s13041-018-0362-y

Carter, 2013, Genetic identification of a neural circuit that suppresses appetite, Nature, 503, 111, 10.1038/nature12596

Carter, 2015, Parabrachial calcitonin gene-related peptide neurons mediate conditioned taste aversion, J Neurosci, 35, 4582, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3729-14.2015

Li, 2019, Mouse parabrachial neurons signal a relationship between bitter taste and nociceptive stimuli, J Neurosci, 39, 1631

Ivanusic, 2011, 5-HT(1D) receptor immunoreactivity in the sphenopalatine ganglion: implications for the efficacy of triptans in the treatment of autonomic signs associated with cluster headache, Headache, 51, 392, 10.1111/j.1526-4610.2011.01843.x

Csati, 2012, Calcitonin gene-related peptide and its receptor components in the human sphenopalatine ganglion -- interaction with the sensory system, Brain Res, 1435, 29, 10.1016/j.brainres.2011.11.058

May, 1999, The trigeminovascular system in humans: pathophysiological implications for primary headache syndromes of the neural influences on the cerebral circulation, J Cereb Blood Flow Metab, 19, 115, 10.1097/00004647-199902000-00001

Takeuchi, 1991, Direct amygdaloid projections to the superior salivatory nucleus: a light and electron microscopic study in the cat, Brain Res Bull, 27, 85, 10.1016/0361-9230(91)90285-R

Akerman, 2009, Oxygen inhibits neuronal activation in the trigeminocervical complex after stimulation of trigeminal autonomic reflex, but not via direct dural activation of trigeminal afferents, Headache, 49, 1131, 10.1111/j.1526-4610.2009.01501.x

Akerman, 2012, A translational in vivo model of trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias: therapeutic characterization, Brain, 135, 3664, 10.1093/brain/aws249

Guo, 2018, Cranial parasympathetic activation induces autonomic symptoms but no cluster headache attacks, Cephalalgia, 38, 1418, 10.1177/0333102417738250

Burstein, 1987, Direct somatosensory projections from the spinal cord to the hypothalamus and telencephalon, J Neurosci, 7, 4159, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.07-12-04159.1987

Burstein, 1990, Cells of origin of the spinohypothalamic tract in the rat, J Comp Neurol, 291, 329, 10.1002/cne.902910302

Liu, 2009, Brainstem and thalamic projections from a craniovascular sensory nervous centre in the rostral cervical spinal dorsal horn of rats, Cephalalgia, 29, 935, 10.1111/j.1468-2982.2008.01829.x

Matsushita, 1982, The cells of origin of the trigeminothalamic, trigeminospinal and trigeminocerebellar projections in the cat, Neuroscience, 7, 1439, 10.1016/0306-4522(82)90256-1

Shigenaga, 1983, The cells of origin of cat trigeminothalamic projections: especially in the caudal medulla, Brain Res, 277, 201, 10.1016/0006-8993(83)90928-9

Veinante, 2000, Thalamic projections from the whisker-sensitive regions of the spinal trigeminal complex in the rat, J Comp Neurol, 420, 233, 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9861(20000501)420:2<233::AID-CNE6>3.0.CO;2-T

Williams, 1994, Differential foci and synaptic organization of the principal and spinal trigeminal projections to the thalamus in the rat, Eur J Neurosci, 6, 429, 10.1111/j.1460-9568.1994.tb00286.x

Zagami, 1990, Stimulation of cranial vessels excites nociceptive neurones in several thalamic nuclei of the cat, Exp Brain Res, 81, 552, 10.1007/BF02423504

Zagami, 1991, Craniovascular application of capsaicin activates nociceptive thalamic neurons in the cat, Neurosci Lett, 121, 187, 10.1016/0304-3940(91)90681-I

Burstein, 2010, Thalamic sensitization transforms localized pain into widespread allodynia, Ann Neurol, 68, 81, 10.1002/ana.21994

Tyll, 2011, Thalamic influences on multisensory integration, Commun Integr Biol, 4, 378, 10.4161/cib.15222

Noseda, 2010, A neural mechanism for exacerbation of headache by light, Nat Neurosci, 13, 239, 10.1038/nn.2475

Bieler, 2018, Multisensory integration in rodent tactile but not visual thalamus, Sci Rep, 8, 15684, 10.1038/s41598-018-33815-y

Schwedt, 2013, Multisensory integration in migraine, Curr Opin Neurol, 26, 248, 10.1097/WCO.0b013e328360edb1

Porreca, 2002, Chronic pain and medullary descending facilitation, Trends Neurosci, 25, 319, 10.1016/S0166-2236(02)02157-4

Weiller, 1995, Brain stem activation in spontaneous human migraine attacks, Nat Med, 1, 658, 10.1038/nm0795-658

Afridi, 2005, A PET study in spontaneous migraine, Arch Neurol, 62, 1270, 10.1001/archneur.62.8.1270

Afridi, 2005, A PET study exploring the laterality of brainstem activation in migraine using glyceryl trinitrate, Brain, 128, 932, 10.1093/brain/awh416

Bahra, 2001, Brainstem activation specific to migraine headache, Lancet, 357, 1016, 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)04250-1

Dominguez, 2019, Iron deposition in periaqueductal gray matter as a potential biomarker for chronic migraine, Neurology, 92, e1076, 10.1212/WNL.0000000000007047

Welch, 2001, Periaqueductal grey matter dysfunction in migraine: cause or the burden of illness?, Headache, 41, 629, 10.1046/j.1526-4610.2001.041007629.x

Dahlberg, 2018, Responsivity of periaqueductal gray connectivity is related to headache frequency in episodic migraine, Front Neurol, 9, 61, 10.3389/fneur.2018.00061

Chong, 2017, Migraine classification using magnetic resonance imaging resting-state functional connectivity data, Cephalalgia, 37, 828, 10.1177/0333102416652091

Hoskin, 2001, Fos expression in the midbrain periaqueductal grey after trigeminovascular stimulation, J Anat, 198, 29

Keay, 1998, Vascular head pain selectively activates ventrolateral periaqueductal gray in the cat, Neurosci Lett, 245, 58, 10.1016/S0304-3940(98)00168-2

Oliveras, 1974, Inhibition of the jaw opening reflex by electrical stimulation of the periacqueductal gray matter in the awake, unrestrained cat, Brain Res, 72, 328, 10.1016/0006-8993(74)90875-0

Knight, 2001, The periaqueductal gray matter modulates trigeminovascular input: a role in migraine?, Neuroscience, 106, 793, 10.1016/S0306-4522(01)00303-7

Knight, 2003, Trigeminal antinociception induced by bicuculline in the periaqueductal grey (PAG) is not affected by PAG P/Q-type calcium channel blockade in rat, Neurosci Lett, 336, 113, 10.1016/S0304-3940(02)01250-8

Knight, 2002, P/Q-type calcium-channel blockade in the periaqueductal gray facilitates trigeminal nociception: a functional genetic link for migraine?, J Neurosci, 22, RC213, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.22-05-j0002.2002

Pozo-Rosich, 2015, Periaqueductal gray calcitonin gene-related peptide modulates trigeminovascular neurons, Cephalalgia, 35, 1298, 10.1177/0333102415576723

Bartsch, 2004, Activation of 5-HT1B/1D receptors in the periaqueductal grey inhibits meningeal nociception, Ann Neurol, 56, 371, 10.1002/ana.20193

Marciszewski, 2018, Changes in brainstem pain modulation circuitry function over the migraine cycle, J Neurosci, 38, 10479, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1088-18.2018

Basbaum, 1978, Endogenous pain control mechanisms: review and hypothesis, Ann Neurol, 4, 451, 10.1002/ana.410040511

Edelmayer, 2009, Medullary pain facilitating neurons mediate allodynia in headache-related pain, Ann Neurol, 65, 184, 10.1002/ana.21537

Schwarz, 2015, Organization of the locus coeruleus-norepinephrine system, Curr Biol, 25, R1051, 10.1016/j.cub.2015.09.039

Reyes, 2005, Hypothalamic projections to locus coeruleus neurons in rat brain, Eur J Neurosci, 22, 93, 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2005.04197.x

Arima, 2019, Lateral parabrachial neurons innervate orexin neurons projecting to brainstem arousal areas in the rat, Sci Rep, 9, 2830, 10.1038/s41598-019-39063-y

Soya, 2017, Orexin modulates behavioral fear expression through the locus coeruleus, Nat Commun, 8, 1606, 10.1038/s41467-017-01782-z

Vila-Pueyo, 2019, Divergent influences of the locus coeruleus on migraine pathophysiology, Pain, 160, 385, 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001421

Hickey, 2014, Optoactivation of locus ceruleus neurons evokes bidirectional changes in thermal nociception in rats, J Neurosci, 34, 4148, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4835-13.2014

Drummond, 2012, A possible role of the locus coeruleus in complex regional pain syndrome, Front Integr Neurosci, 6, 104, 10.3389/fnint.2012.00104

Charles, 2018, The migraine aura, Continuum (Minneap Minn), 24, 1009

Chan, 2010, Therapeutic antibodies for autoimmunity and inflammation, Nat Rev Immunol, 10, 301, 10.1038/nri2761

Brennan, 2009, Sleep and headache, Semin Neurol, 29, 406, 10.1055/s-0029-1237113

Zhang, 2011, Activation of central trigeminovascular neurons by cortical spreading depression, Ann Neurol, 69, 855, 10.1002/ana.22329

Kramer, 2016, Cortical spreading depolarization: pathophysiology, implications, and future directions, J Clin Neurosci, 24, 22, 10.1016/j.jocn.2015.08.004

Enger, 2015, Dynamics of ionic shifts in cortical spreading depression, Cereb Cortex, 25, 4469, 10.1093/cercor/bhv054

Melo-Carrillo, 2017, Selective inhibition of trigeminovascular neurons by fremanezumab: a humanized monoclonal Anti-CGRP antibody, J Neurosci, 37, 7149, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0576-17.2017

Hansen, 2010, Calcitonin gene-related peptide triggers migraine-like attacks in patients with migraine with aura, Cephalalgia, 30, 1179, 10.1177/0333102410368444

Hansen, 2011, Calcitonin gene-related peptide does not cause migraine attacks in patients with familial hemiplegic migraine, Headache, 51, 544, 10.1111/j.1526-4610.2011.01861.x

Filiz, 2019, CGRP receptor antagonist MK-8825 attenuates cortical spreading depression induced pain behavior, Cephalalgia, 39, 354, 10.1177/0333102417735845

Tozzi, 2012, Critical role of calcitonin gene-related peptide receptors in cortical spreading depression, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 109, 18985, 10.1073/pnas.1215435109

Costa, 2013, Cortical spreading depression as a target for anti-migraine agents, J Headache Pain, 14, 62, 10.1186/1129-2377-14-62

Karatas, 2013, Spreading depression triggers headache by activating neuronal Panx1 channels, Science, 339, 1092, 10.1126/science.1231897

Ashina, 2017, Human models of migraine - short-term pain for long-term gain, Nat Rev Neurol, 13, 713, 10.1038/nrneurol.2017.137

Afridi, 2004, Glyceryl trinitrate triggers premonitory symptoms in migraineurs, Pain, 110, 675, 10.1016/j.pain.2004.05.007

Akerman, 2019, Nitroglycerin triggers triptan-responsive cranial allodynia and trigeminal neuronal hypersensitivity, Brain, 142, 103, 10.1093/brain/awy313

Demartini, 2019, Nitroglycerin as a comparative experimental model of migraine pain: from animal to human and back, Prog Neurobiol, 177, 15, 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2019.02.002

Bates, 2010, Sumatriptan alleviates nitroglycerin-induced mechanical and thermal allodynia in mice, Cephalalgia, 30, 170, 10.1111/j.1468-2982.2009.01864.x

Farkas, 2016, Utility of different outcome measures for the nitroglycerin model of migraine in mice, J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods, 77, 33, 10.1016/j.vascn.2015.09.006

Eller-Smith, 2018, Potential mechanisms underlying centralized pain and emerging therapeutic interventions, Front Cell Neurosci, 12, 35, 10.3389/fncel.2018.00035

Marone, 2018, TRPA1/NOX in the soma of trigeminal ganglion neurons mediates migraine-related pain of glyceryl trinitrate in mice, Brain, 141, 2312, 10.1093/brain/awy177

Abad, 2018, Dynamic sodium imaging at ultra-high field reveals progression in a preclinical migraine model, Pain, 159, 2058, 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001307

Mason, 2017, Induction of migraine-like photophobic behavior in mice by both peripheral and central CGRP mechanisms, J Neurosci, 37, 204, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2967-16.2016

Wattiez, 2019, CGRP in animal models of migraine, Handb Exp Pharmacol, 1

Christensen, 2018, Migraine induction with calcitonin gene-related peptide in patients from erenumab trials, J Headache Pain, 19, 105, 10.1186/s10194-018-0927-2