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Cơ chế bệnh sinh và tiến triển của bệnh xơ gan: góc nhìn hiện tại
Tóm tắt
Bệnh xơ gan truyền thống được coi là giai đoạn cuối không thể đảo ngược của nhiều bệnh gan mạn tính, dẫn đến tử vong qua sự phát triển của các biến chứng tăng áp lực tĩnh mạch cửa và suy gan. Ngày nay, bệnh xơ gan được hiểu là một tình trạng bệnh lý không đồng nhất, về nguyên tắc có thể đảo ngược, trong đó gan ngay cả trong giai đoạn bệnh nặng vẫn luôn trải qua sự tái cấu trúc liên tục do quá trình tạo sợi và tái tạo mô sợi. Tăng áp lực tĩnh mạch cửa là kết quả của sự co mạch trong gan và giãn mạch ở tạng. Sự chuyển vị của vi khuẩn có hại hỗ trợ cho tình trạng suy gan lâm sàng và suy chức năng tạng. Trong khi sự tiến triển ở giai đoạn bù trừ của bệnh xơ gan chủ yếu được đặc trưng bởi sự gia tăng áp lực tĩnh mạch cửa, thì ở giai đoạn không bù trừ, nó đi kèm với sự viêm nhiễm toàn thân. Hiểu biết ngày càng tăng về các cơ chế bệnh sinh chi phối giai đoạn là điều kiện tiên quyết cho các mục tiêu điều trị được cá nhân hóa và các phương pháp điều trị được cá nhân hóa.
Từ khóa
#xơ gan #gan #tổn thương gan mạn tính #tạo sợi #tăng áp lực tĩnh mạch cửa #vi khuẩn #suy gan #phương pháp điều trị cá nhân hóaTài liệu tham khảo
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