Sự tử vong cây cối do vi sinh vật gây bệnh tương tác với biến đổi khí hậu dự đoán làm thay đổi sự hô hấp của đất và khả năng sẵn có của dinh dưỡng trong các hệ thống Địa Trung Hải

Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 142 - Trang 53-71 - 2018
José Manuel Avila1, Antonio Gallardo2, Lorena Gómez-Aparicio1,3
1Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología (IRNAS, CSIC), Seville, Spain
2Departamento de Sistemas Físicos, Químicos y Naturales, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
3Laboratorio Internacional en Cambio Global (LINCGlobal), Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología (IRNAS, CSIC), Seville, Spain

Tóm tắt

Các hệ sinh thái trên toàn thế giới phải cùng lúc đối phó với nhiều yếu tố thay đổi toàn cầu có thể ảnh hưởng mạnh đến chức năng của hệ sinh thái. Những yếu tố này có thể tương tác theo những cách không ngờ, nhưng hiểu biết hạn chế của chúng tôi về những tác động tương tác này làm cho chúng tôi không thể dự đoán tác động của biến đổi toàn cầu đến chức năng của hệ sinh thái. Trong nghiên cứu này, chúng tôi đánh giá tác động trực tiếp của sự tử vong cây cối do vi sinh vật gây bệnh và sự nóng lên cũng như hạn hán dự đoán đến C, N và P trong đất rừng Địa Trung Hải bị ảnh hưởng bởi sự suy giảm của loài cây chiếm ưu thế (tức là Quercus suber) do vi sinh vật xâm nhập Phytophthora cinnamomi. Chúng tôi cũng khám phá các tác động gián tiếp tiềm ẩn do sự thay thế loài sau khi sự tử vong của Q. suber xảy ra. Để đạt được mục tiêu, chúng tôi tiến hành một thí nghiệm ủ đất sử dụng các mẫu đất được thu thập dưới cây Q. suber với tình trạng sức khỏe khác nhau (tức là cây khỏe mạnh, cây mất lá và cây đã chết) và từ các bụi cây đồng sinh (tức là bụi cây tiên phong và bụi cây giai đoạn muộn). Những mẫu đất này được ủ ở nhiệt độ và độ ẩm đất có kiểm soát, mô phỏng các kịch bản biến đổi khí hậu khác nhau được dự đoán cho năm 2050 và 2100 ở lưu vực Địa Trung Hải. Kết quả của chúng tôi cho thấy rằng sự tử vong do P. cinnamomi và sự nóng lên cũng như hạn hán trong tương lai có thể tương tác để thay đổi đồng thời các chu trình sinh địa hóa trong đất rừng Q. suber. Khả năng chống lại sự thay đổi của các biến đã nghiên cứu đối với nhiệt độ và độ ẩm có xu hướng thấp hơn ở những cây đã chết so với cây khỏe mạnh và cây mất lá. Hơn nữa, chúng tôi phát hiện ra rằng hô hấp đất và khả năng sẵn có của dinh dưỡng có thể bị ảnh hưởng gián tiếp bởi sự tử vong do P. cinnamomi do sự thay thế loài. Tổng thể, kết quả của chúng tôi hỗ trợ tiềm năng cao của các loài vi sinh vật gây bệnh xâm lấn trong việc làm thay đổi phản ứng của chức năng đất đối với các tác nhân nhiệt đới.

Từ khóa

#Biến đổi khí hậu #Mất mát cây cối #Hô hấp đất #Dinh dưỡng đất #Hệ sinh thái Địa Trung Hải

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