Path Models of the Relationships of Instrumentality and Expressiveness to Social Self-Efficacy, Shyness, and Depressive Symptoms

Bakan, D. (1966). The duality of human existence. Chicago: Rand McNally. Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84, 191-215. Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. Bandura, A. (2001). Social cognitive theory: An agentic perspective. Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 1-26. Bandura, A., Pastorelli, C., Barbaranelli, C., & Caprara, G. V. (1999). Self-efficacy pathways to childhood depression. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76, 258-269. Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., & Brown, G. K. (1996). Beck Depression Inventory manual—(2nd ed) San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation. Bem, S. L. (1974). The measurement of psychological androgyny. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 42, 155-162. Bentler, P. M. (1995). EQS Structural Equations Program manual. Encino, CA: Multivariate Software. Broderick, P. C., & Korteland, C. (2002). Coping style and depression in early adolescence. Sex Roles, 46, 201-220. Browne, M., & Cudeck, R. (1992). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. Sociological Methods and Research, 21, 230-258. Byrne, B. M. (1994). Structural equation modeling with EQS and EQSI windows. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Cheek, J. M. (1983). The revised Cheek and Buss Shyness Scale. Unpublished manuscript, Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA. Cheek, J. M., & Buss, A. H. (1981). Shyness and sociability. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 41, 330-339. Christie, V., & Segrin, C. (1998). The influence of self-efficacy and of gender on the performance of social and nonsocial tasks. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 26, 374-389. Cook, E. (1987). Psychological androgyny: A review of the research. Counseling Psychologist, 15, 47-51. Glass, G. V., & Hopkins, K. D. (1984). Statistical methods in psychology and education (2nd ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. Hamer, R. J., & Bruch, M. A. (1997). Personality factors and inhibited career development: Testing the unique contribution of shyness. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 50, 382-400. Helmreich, R., & Stapp, J. (1974). Short forms of the Texas Social Behavior Inventory: An objective measure of self-esteem. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 4, 473-475. Holt, C. L., & Ellis, J. B. (1998). Assessing the current validity of the Bem Sex-Role Inventory. Sex Roles, 39, 929-941. Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6, 1-55. Hunt, M. G. (1993). Expressiveness does predict well-being. Sex Roles, 29, 147-169. Jones, W. H., & Briggs, S. R. (1986). Manual for the Social Reticence Scale. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press. Jones, W. H., Briggs, S. R., & Smith, T. G. (1986). Shyness: Conceptualization and measurement. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 629-639. Jones, W. H., Chernovetz, M. E., & Hansson, R. O. (1978). The enigma of androgyny: Differential implications for males and females? Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 46, 298-313. Leary, M. (1991). Social anxiety, shyness, and related constructs. In J. P. Robinson, R. Shaver, & L. W. Wrightsman (Eds.), Measures of personality and social psychological attitudes (pp. 161-194). San Diego, CA: Academic Press. Leary, N. (1983). Social anxiousness: The construct and measurement. Journal of Personality Assessment, 47, 66-75. Lengua, L. J., & Stormshak, E. A. (2000). Gender, gender roles, and personality: Gender differences in the prediction of coping and psychological symptoms. Sex Roles, 43, 787-818. MacCallum, R. C., & Austin, J. T. (2000). Applications of structural equation modeling in psychological research. Annual Review of Psychology, 51, 201-226. MacCallum, R. C., Roznowski, M., & Necowitz, L. B. (1992). Model modifications in covariance structure analysis: The problem of capitalization on chance. Psychological Bulletin, 111, 490-504. Marcotte, D., Alain, M., & Gosselin, M. J. (1999). Gender differences in adolescent depression: Gender-typed characteristics or problem-solving skills deficits? Sex Roles, 41, 31-47. Phillips, S., & Bruch, M. (1988). Shyness and dysfunction in career development. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 35, 159-165. Robins, C. J. (1986). Sex role perceptions and social anxiety in opposite-sex and same-sex situations. Sex Roles, 14, 383-395. Roos, P. E., & Cohen, L. H. (1987). Sex roles and social support as moderators of life stress adjustment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 576-585. Russo, N. F., Green, B. L., & Knight, G. (1993). The relationship of gender, self-esteem, and instrumentality to depressive symptomatology. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 12, 218-236. Saltzman, K. M., & Holahan, C. J. (2002). Social support, self-efficacy, and depressive symptoms: An integrative model. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 21, 309-322. Schmidt, L. A., & Fox, N. A. (1999). Conceptual, biological, and behavioral distinctions among different categories of shy children. In L. A. Schmidt & J. Schulkin (Eds.), Extreme fear, shyness, and social phobic (pp. 47-66). New York: OxfordUniversity Press. Schmidt, L. A., & Schulkin, J. (1999). Extreme fear, shyness, and social phobic. New York: Oxford University Press. Sharpe, M. J., Heppner, P. P., & Dixon, W. A. (1995). Gender role conflict, instrumentality, expressiveness, and well-being in adult men. Sex Roles, 33, 1-18. Shaver, P., Schwartz, J., Kirson, D., & O'Connor, C. (1987). Emotion knowledge: Further exploration of a prototype approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 1061-1086. Sherer, M., & Adams, C. (1983). Construct validation of the self-efficacy scale. Psychological Reports, 53, 899-902. Smith, H. M., & Betz, N. E. (2000). Development and validation of a scale of perceived social self-efficacy. Journal of Career Assessment, 8, 283-301. Smith, H. M., & Betz, N. E. (2002). An examination of efficacy and esteem pathways to depression in young adulthood. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 49, 438-448. Spence, J. T., & Buckner, C. E. (2000). Instrumental and expressive traits, trait stereotypes, and sexist attitudes: What do they signify? Psychology of Women Quarterly, 24, 44-62. Spence, J. T., Helmreich, R. L., & Stapp, J. (1974). The Personal Attributes Questionnaire: A measure of sex role stereotypes and masculinity–femininity. JSAS: Catalog of Selected Documents in Psychology, 4, 43-44. (Ms. No. 617) Spence, J. T., Helmreich, R. L., & Stapp, J. (1975). Ratings of self and peers on sex-role attributes and their relation to self-esteem and conceptions of masculinity and femininity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 32, 29-39. Stake, J. E. (1997). Integrating expressiveness and instrumentality in real-life settings: A new perspective on the benefits of androgyny. Sex Roles, 37, 541-564. Ward, C. A. (2000). Models and measurement of psychological androgyny: A cross-cultural extension of theory and research. Sex Roles, 43, 529-552. Watson, D., & Friend, R. (1969). Measurement of social-evaluative anxiety. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 33, 448-457. Whitley, B. E. Jr., (1984). Sex-role orientation and psychological well-being: Two meta-analyses. Sex Roles, 12, 207-225. Woodhill, B. M., & Samuels, C. A. (2003). Positive and negative androgyny and their relationship with psychological health and well-being. Sex Roles, 48, 555-565.