Partial mycoheterotrophy in the leafless orchid Eulophia zollingeri specialized on wood-decaying fungi

Mycorrhiza - 2024
Kenji Suetsugu1,2, Tamihisa Ohta3, Ichiro Tayasu4
1Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
2Institute for Advanced Research, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
3Faculty of Science, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Gofuku 3190, Toyama, Japan
4Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, Kita-ku, Kyoto, Japan

Tóm tắt

Although the absence of normal leaves is often considered a sign of full heterotrophy, some plants remain at least partially autotrophic despite their leafless habit. Leafless orchids with green stems and capsules probably represent a late evolutionary stage toward full mycoheterotrophy and serve as valuable models for understanding the pathways leading to this nutritional strategy. In this study, based on molecular barcoding and isotopic analysis, we explored the physiological ecology of the leafless orchid Eulophia zollingeri, which displays green coloration, particularly during its fruiting phase. Although previous studies had shown that E. zollingeri, in its adult stage, is associated with Psathyrellaceae fungi and exhibits high 13C isotope signatures similar to fully mycoheterotrophic orchids, it remained uncertain whether this symbiotic relationship is consistent throughout the orchid’s entire life cycle and whether the orchid relies exclusively on mycoheterotrophy for its nutrition during the fruiting season. Our study has demonstrated that E. zollingeri maintains a specialized symbiotic relationship with Psathyrellaceae fungi throughout all life stages. However, isotopic analysis and chlorophyll data have shown that the orchid also engages in photosynthesis to meet its carbon needs, particularly during the fruiting stage. This research constitutes the first discovery of partial mycoheterotrophy in leafless orchids associated with saprotrophic non-rhizoctonia fungi.

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