Paranoid beliefs and realistic expectations of victimization: Data from the survey of police-public encounters

Addington, 2013, Early traumatic experiences in those at clinical high risk for psychosis, Early Interv. Psychiatry, 7, 300, 10.1111/eip.12020 Allen-Crooks, 2014, Naturalistic change in nonclinical paranoid experiences, Behav. Cogn. Psychother., 42, 634, 10.1017/S1352465813001148 Bentall, 2008, Social predictors of psychotic experiences: specificity and psychological mechanisms, Schizophr. Bull., 34, 1012, 10.1093/schbul/sbn103 Bentall, 2012, Do specific early-life adversities lead to specific symptoms of psychosis? A study from the 2007 the Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey, Schizophr. Bull., 38, 734, 10.1093/schbul/sbs049 Boyd, 2007, An experiential perspective on persecutory paranoia: a grounded theory construction, Psychol Psychother-T., 80, 1, 10.1348/147608306X100536 Brunet, 2012, A prospective study of PTSD following recovery from first-episode psychosis: the threat from persecutors, voices, and patienthood, Br. J. Clin. Psychol., 51, 418, 10.1111/j.2044-8260.2012.02037.x Campbell, 2007, The relationship between bullying, psychotic-like experiences and appraisals in 14–16-year olds, Behav. Res. Ther., 45, 1579, 10.1016/j.brat.2006.11.009 Carvalho, 2016, Influence of family and childhood memories in the development and manifestation of paranoid ideation, Clin. Psychol. Psychother., 23, 397, 10.1002/cpp.1965 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2012 Cheng, 2015, Asian Americans and European Americans' stigma levels in response to biological and social explanations of depression, Soc. Psychiatry Psychiatr. Epidemiol., 50, 767, 10.1007/s00127-014-0999-5 Choe, 2008, Perpetration of violence, violent victimization, and severe mental illness: balancing public health concerns, Psychiatr. Serv., 59, 153, 10.1176/ps.2008.59.2.153 Cooper, 2004, Characterizing perceived police violence: implications for public health, Am. J. Public Health, 94, 1109, 10.2105/AJPH.94.7.1109 Davidson, 2001, Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR): a meta-analysis, J. Consult. Clin. Psychol., 69, 305, 10.1037/0022-006X.69.2.305 DeVylder, 2015, Suicidal ideation and suicide attempts among adults with psychotic experiences: data from the Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiology Surveys, JAMA Psychiat., 72, 219, 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.2663 DeVylder, 2016, Stress sensitivity and psychotic experiences in 39 low-and middle-income countries, Schizophr. Bull., 42, 1353, 10.1093/schbul/sbw044 DeVylder, 2017, Psychotic experiences in the context of police victimization: data from the survey of police-public encounters, Schizophr. Bull., 43, 993, 10.1093/schbul/sbx038 DeVylder, 2017, Prevalence, demographic variation and psychological correlates of exposure to police victimisation in four US cities, Epidemiol. Psychiatr. Sci., 26, 466, 10.1017/S2045796016000810 Fisher, 2012, Pathways between childhood victimization and psychosis-like symptoms in the ALSPAC birth cohort, Schizophr. Bull., 39, 1045, 10.1093/schbul/sbs088 Fowler, 2006, The Brief Core Schema Scales (BCSS): psychometric properties and associations with paranoia and grandiosity in non-clinical and psychosis samples, Psychol. Med., 36, 749, 10.1017/S0033291706007355 Freeman, 2007, Suspicious minds: the psychology of persecutory delusions, Clin. Psychol. Rev., 27, 425, 10.1016/j.cpr.2006.10.004 Freeman, 2009, Routes to psychotic symptoms: trauma, anxiety and psychosis-like experiences, Psychiatry Res., 169, 107, 10.1016/j.psychres.2008.07.009 Freeman, 2008 Freeman, 2002, A cognitive model of persecutory delusions, Br. J. Clin. Psychol., 41, 331, 10.1348/014466502760387461 Freeman, 2005, Psychological investigation of the structure of paranoia in a non-clinical population, Br. J. Clin. Psychol., 186, 427−435 Freeman, 2013, Current paranoid thinking in patients with delusions: the presence of cognitive-affective biases, Schizophr. Bull., 39, 1281, 10.1093/schbul/sbs145 Freeman, 2013, Paranoia and post-traumatic stress disorder in the months after a physical assault: a longitudinal study examining shared and differential predictors, Psychol. Med., 43, 2673, 10.1017/S003329171300038X Geller, 2014, Aggressive policing and the mental health of young urban men, Am. J. Public Health, 104, 2321, 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302046 Gracie, 2007, The association between traumatic experience, paranoia and hallucinations: a test of the predictions of psychological models, Acta Psychiatr. Scand., 116, 280, 10.1111/j.1600-0447.2007.01011.x IBM Corp, 2016 Jack, 2016, Paranoid thinking, cognitive bias and dangerous neighbourhoods: implications for perception of threat and expectations of victimisation, Int. J. Soc. Psychiatry, 62, 123, 10.1177/0020764015599998 Jensen, 2016, Colorectal cancer prevention and intentions to use low-dose aspirin: a survey of 1000 US adults aged 40–65, Cancer Epidemiol., 41, 99, 10.1016/j.canep.2016.02.003 Johnson, 2015, The relative contributions of disease label and disease prognosis to Alzheimer's stigma: a vignette-based experiment, Soc. Sci. Med., 143, 117, 10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.08.031 Kar, 2011, Cognitive behavioral therapy for the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder: a review, Neuropsychiatr. Dis. Treat., 7, 167, 10.2147/NDT.S10389 Kessler, 2004, The World Mental Health (WMH) Survey Initiative Version of the World Health Organization (WHO) Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI), Int. J. Methods Psychiatr. Res., 13, 93, 10.1002/mpr.168 van der Kolk, 2007, A randomized clinical trial of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), fluoxetine, and pill placebo in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder: treatment effects and long-term maintenance, J. Clin. Psychiatry, 68, 37, 10.4088/JCP.v68n0105 Koyanagi, 2016, Risk and functional significance of psychotic experiences among individuals with depression in 44 low-and middle-income countries, Psychol. Med., 46, 2655, 10.1017/S0033291716001422 2002 Linscott, 2013, An updated and conservative systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological evidence on psychotic experiences in children and adults: on the pathway from proneness to persistence to dimensional expression across mental disorders, Psychol. Med., 43, 1133, 10.1017/S0033291712001626 Lobbestael, 2010, Disentangling the relationship between different types of childhood maltreatment and personality disorders, J. Personal. Disord., 24, 285, 10.1521/pedi.2010.24.3.285 Lopes, 2013, Clin. Psychol. Psychother., 20, 254, 10.1002/cpp.800 Lysaker, 2008, The prevalence and correlates of trauma-related symptoms in schizophrenia spectrum disorder, Compr. Psychiatry, 49, 330, 10.1016/j.comppsych.2007.12.003 McGrath, 2015, Psychotic experiences in the general population: a cross-national analysis based on 31 261 respondents from 18 countries, JAMA Psychiat., 72, 697, 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2015.0575 Nuevo, 2011, Increased risk of diabetes mellitus among persons with psychotic symptoms: results from the WHO World Health Survey, J. Clin. Psychiatry, 72, 1592, 10.4088/JCP.10m06801 Nuevo, 2012, The continuum of psychotic symptoms in the general population: a cross-national study, Schizophr. Bull., 38, 475, 10.1093/schbul/sbq099 Pinkham, 2012, Qualitatively distinct factors contribute to elevated rates of paranoia in autism and schizophrenia, J. Abnorm. Psychol., 121, 767, 10.1037/a0028510 Polak, 2012, Comparison of the effectiveness of trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy and paroxetine treatment in PTSD patients: design of a randomized controlled trial, BMC Psychiatry, 12, 166, 10.1186/1471-244X-12-166 Reid, 2007, Personality disorders and violence potential, J. Psychiatr. Pract., 13, 261, 10.1097/01.pra.0000281488.19570.f8 Reininghaus, 2016, Stress sensitivity, aberrant salience, and threat anticipation in early psychosis: an experience sampling study, Schizophr. Bull., 42, 712, 10.1093/schbul/sbv190 Salvatore, 2012, Vulnerable self, poor understanding of others' minds, threat anticipation and cognitive biases as triggers for delusional experience in schizophrenia: a theoretical model, Clin. Psychol. Psychother., 19, 247, 10.1002/cpp.746 Sansen, 2014, Peer victimization predicts psychological symptoms beyond the effects of child maltreatment, Psychiatry Res., 220, 1051, 10.1016/j.psychres.2014.09.008 Schutters, 2012, The association between social phobia, social anxiety cognitions and paranoid symptoms, Acta Psychiatr. Scand., 125, 213, 10.1111/j.1600-0447.2011.01787.x Shakoor, 2015, A shared genetic propensity underlies experiences of bullying victimization in late childhood and self-rated paranoid thinking in adolescence, Schizophr. Bull., 41, 754, 10.1093/schbul/sbu142 Silver, 2005, Mental disorder and violent victimization in a total birth cohort, Am. J. Public Health, 95, 2015, 10.2105/AJPH.2003.021436 Tinghög, 2013, Intuition and cooperation reconsidered, Nature, 498, E1, 10.1038/nature12194 Wiesjahn, 2014, Are continuum beliefs about psychotic symptoms associated with stereotypes about schizophrenia?, Psychosis, 6, 50, 10.1080/17522439.2012.740068 Wilson, 2016, Context matters: the impact of neighborhood crime and paranoid symptoms on psychosis risk assessment, Schizophr. Res., 171, 56, 10.1016/j.schres.2016.01.007