Paecilomyces fumosoroseus (Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes) as a potential mycoparasite on Sphaerotheca fuliginea (Ascomycotina: Erysiphales)
Tóm tắt
Hyphomycete Paecilomyces fumosoroseus that is well known as saprophytic and entomopatogenic fungus was investigated for its mycoparasitism on the cucumber powdery mildew pathogen. Mycoparasitism was documented by using standard bioassay and SEM. Effects of mycoparasitism were evaluated in three types of experiments. Paecilomyces fumosoroseus was applied in the form of graded suspensions into a colony of powdery mildew on a leaf segment. Interaction between both fungi was observed as the percentage of colonized area vs. experimental time. In the second experiment, young cucumber plants were sprayed with a suspension of Paecilomyces fumosoroseus 24 h before inoculation of Sphaerotheca fuliginea. Pre-treatment with P. fumosoroseus reduced development and spreading of powdery mildew infection significantly 15 days post-inoculation in contrast to pre-treatments with sulfur fungicide and distilled water. The development of pure culture powdery mildew under determined experimental conditions was observed and compared with treated variants. In the third experiment, mildewed plants were treated with a suspension of P. fumosoroseus. The control treatments with sulfur fungicide and distilled water were tested. Effects of P. fumosoroseus on the dispersion of powdery mildew during a 21-day period were observed. P. fumosoroseus suppressed the development and spread of cucumber powdery mildew significantly during the time of the experiment. The mechanical and physical damages and disruptions of vegetative and fruiting structures of powdery mildew were recorded under light microscopy and S.E.M. Results were concluded in pursuance to differences between the natural behaviour and development of S. fuliginea on cucumber plants treated with P. fumosoroseus and non-treated plants.
Tài liệu tham khảo
R. Samson (1974) ArticleTitlePaecilomyces and some allied hyphomycetes Studies in Mycology. 6 1–43
RA. Samson (1985) Biology of the Verticillium and Aschersonia N.V. Hussez (Eds) scopes, N.E.A., Biological pest control - the glasshouse experience Cornell University Ithaca Press N.Y. 32–42
LS. Osborne Z. Landa (1992) ArticleTitleBiological control of whiteflies with entomopathogenic fungi Florida entomologist. 75 IssueID4 456–471
K. Bolckmans G. Sterk J. Eyal B. Sels W Stepman PreFeRal (1995) ArticleTitlePaecilomyces fumosoroseus strain Apopka 97), a new microbial insecticide for the biological control of whiteflies in greenhouses, Mededelingen - Faculteit Landbouwkundige en Toegepaste Biologishe Wetenschappen Universiteit Gent. 60 707–711
LA. Lacey AA. Kirk L. Millar G. Mercardier C. Vidal (1999) ArticleTitleOvicidal and larvicidal activity of conidia and blastospores of Paecilomyces fumosoroseus (Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes) against Bemisisa argentifolii (Homoptera:Aleyrodidae) with description of a bioassay system allowing prolonged survival of control insects Biocontrol Sci. Techn. 9 9–18
Ellis MB., Ellis JP. Fungi specific to various herbaceous plants. In: Microfungi on land plants. The Richmond Publishing Co. Ltd., 1997: p. 867.
L. Sundheim T. Admundsen (1982) ArticleTitleFungicide tolerance in the hyperparasite Ampelomyces quisqualis and integrated control of cucumber powdery mildew Acta Agri Scand. 32 349
T. Hijwegen (1989) ArticleTitleEffect of culture filtrates seventeen fungicolous fungi on sporulation of cucumber powdery mildew Neth. J. Pl. Path. 95 5–98
T. Hijwegen (1992) ArticleTitleBiological control of cucumber powdery mildew with Tilletiopsis minor under greenhouse conditions Neth. J. Pl. Path. 98 221–225
A. Lebeda (1983) ArticleTitleThe genera and Species spectrum of cucumber powdery mildew in Czechoslovakia Phytopath. Z. 108 71–79
F. Daayf A. Schmitt R. Bélanger (1997) ArticleTitleEvidence of phytoalexins in cucumber leaves infected with powdery mildew following treatment with leaf extracts of Reynoutria sachalinensis Plant Physiol. 113 719–727
H. Askary N. Benhamou J. Brodeur (1997) ArticleTitleUltrastructural and cytochemical investigations of the antagonistic effect of Verticillium lecanii on cucumber powdery mildew Phytopathology. 87 359–368
Hoch HC., Prowidenti R. Mycoparasitic relationships 5., Cytology of the Sphaerotheca fuliginea - Tilletiopsis sp. interaction, (Cause of powdery mildew of cucumber, biological control), ill. 15 ref. Phytopathology (USA) 1979; v.69 (4): 359-362.
RR. Béngo JW. Deacon (1996) ArticleTitleInteraction specificity of the biocontrol agent Sporothrix flacculosa: a video microscopy study Phytopathology. 86 1317–1323
Y. Elad B. Kirshner A. Sztejnberg (1998) ArticleTitleManagement of powdery mildew and gray mold of cucumber by Trichoderna harzianum T39 and Ampelomyces quisqualis AQ10 Biocontrol. 43 IssueID2 241–251
Y. Rotem O. Yarden A. Sztejnberg (1999) The mycoparasite Ampelomyces quisqualis expresses exgA encoding and exo-beta- 1 IssueID3 glucanase in culture and during mycoparasitism Phytopathology. 89(8 631–638
MA. Verhaar T. Hijwegen JC. Zadoks (1996) ArticleTitleGlasshouse experiments on biocontrol of cucumber powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca fuliginea) by mycoparasites Verticillium lecanii and Sporothrix rugulosa Biol Control. 6 353–360
H. Askary Y. Carrié R.R. Bélanger J. Brodeur (1998) ArticleTitlePathogenicity of the fungus Verticillium lecanii to aphids and powdery mildew Biocontrol Science and technology. 8 23–32
MA. Verhaar T. Hijwegen (1997) ArticleTitleEfficient production of phialoconidia of Verticillium lecanii for biocontrol of cucumber powdery mildew, Sphaerotheca fuliginea Neth. J. Pl. Path. 99 IssueID2 101–103
A. Lebeda (1984) ArticleTitleScreening of wild Cucumis species for resistance cucumber powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum and Sphaerotheca fuliginea) Sci. Hort. 24 241–249
GJ. Celio MK. Hausbeck (1998) ArticleTitleConidial germination, infection structure formation, and early colony development of powdery mildew on Poisettia Phytopathology. 88 105–113
Z. Landa L. Osborne F. Lopez J. Eyal (1994) ArticleTitleA bioassay for determining pathogenicity of entomopathogenous fungi on whiteflies References Biological Control - theory and applications in pest management. 4 341–350
C. Vidal LA. Lacey J. Fargues (1997) ArticleTitleIntraspecific variability of Paecilomyces fumosoroseus; effect of temperature on vegetative growth J Invertebr Pathol. 70 18–26
C. Vidal J. Fergues LA. Lacey MA. Jackson (1998) ArticleTitleEffect of various liquid culture media on morphology, growth, propagule production, and pathogenic activity to Bemisia argentifolii of the entomopathogenic Hyphomycete, Paecilomyces fumosoroseus Mycopathologia. 143 33–46
K. Wurms C. Labbé A. Benhamou RR. B langer (1999) ArticleTitleEffects of Milsana and Benzothiazole on the ultrastructure of powdery mildew haustoria on cucumber Phytopathology. 89 IssueID9 728–736
Gomez and Gomez, 1984
Yang, 1995.
Newton et al. 1997.
Z. Landa A. Bohatá (1999) ArticleTitleCompatibility of entomogenous fungus Paecilomyces fumosoroseus with natural insecticides based on azadirachtin and Neem Oil Collection of Scientific Papers, Faculty of Agriculture in Ceske Budejovice, Series for Crop Science. 16 IssueID2 99–106
HL. Barnett FL. Binder (1973) ArticleTitleThe fungal host-parasite relationship Annu Rev Phytopathol. 11 273–292
Lebeda A. (1986). Methods of testing vegetable crops for resistance to plant pathogens 1986; 1: 87-90.
Gams W. CBS Course of mycology 3rd edition. Centraal Bureau voor Schimmel Cultures, Baarn, Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Science 1987; p. 120.
L. Sundheim (1982) ArticleTitleControl of cucumber powdery mildew by the hyperperasite Ampelomyces quisqualis and fungicides Plant Pathol. 31 209–214
JE Urquhart JG. Menzies ZK. Punja (1994) ArticleTitleGrowth and biological control activity of Tilletiopsis species against powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca fuliginea) on greenhouse cucumber Phytopathology. 84 341–351