Oxidative Damage to RNA in Aging and Neurodegenerative Disorders
Tóm tắt
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
Aas PA, Otterlei M, Falnes PO et al (2003) Human and bacterial oxidative demethylases repair alkylation damage in both RNA and DNA. Nature 421:859–863
Abe T, Tohgi H, Isobe C, Murata T, Sato C (2002) Remarkable increase in the concentration of 8-hydroxyguanosine in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with Alzheimer’s disease. J Neurosci Res 70:447–450
Abe T, Isobe C, Murata T, Sato C, Tohgi H (2003) Alteration of 8-hydroxyguanosine concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid and serum from patients with Parkinson’s disease. Neurosci Lett 336:105–108
Aluise CD, Robinson RA, Beckett TL et al (2010) Preclinical Alzheimer disease; brain oxidative stress, Aβ peptide and proteomics. Neurobiol Dis 39:221–228
Aluise CD, Robinson RA, Cai J, Pierce WM, Markesbery WR, Butterfield DA (2011) Redox proteomics analysis of brains from subjects with amnestic mild cognitive impairment compared to brains from subjects with preclinical Alzheimer’s disease; insights into memory loss in MCI. J Alzheimers Dis 23:257–269
Andersen JK (2004) Oxidative stress in neurodegeneration: cause or consequence? Nat Med 10(Suppl):S18–S25
Andreoli R, Mutti A, Goldoni M, Manini P, Apostoli P, De Palma G (2011) Reference ranges of urinary biomarkers of oxidized guanine in (2′-deoxy)ribonucleotides and nucleic acids. Free Radic Biol Med 50:254–261
Barber SC, Mead RJ, Shaw PJ (2006) Oxidative stress in ALS: a mechanism of neurodegeneration and a therapeutic target. Biochim Biophys Acta 1762:1051–1067
Barciszewski J, Barciszewska MZ, Siboska G, Rattan SI, Clark BF (1999) Some unusual nucleic acid bases are products of hydroxyl radical oxidation of DNA and RNA. Mol Biol Rep 26:231–238
Barnham KJ, Masters CL, Bush AI (2004) Neurodegenerative diseases and oxidative stress. Nat Rev Drug Discov 3:205–214
Berg D, Roggendorf W, Schroder U et al (2002) Echogenicity of the substantia nigra: association with increased iron content and marker for susceptibility to nigrostriatal injury. Arch Neurol 59:999–1005
Bradley MA, Markesbery WR, Lovell MA (2010) Increased levels of 4-hydroxynonenal and acrolein in the brain in preclinical Alzheimer disease. Free Radic Biol Med 48:1570–1576
Brégeon D, Sarasin A (2005) Hypothetical role of RNA damage avoidance in preventing human disease. Mutat Res 577:293–302
Broedbaek K, Poulsen HE, Weimann A et al (2009) Urinary excretion of biomarkers of oxidatively damaged DNA and RNA in hereditary hemochromatosis. Free Radic Biol Med 47:1230–1233
Broedbaek K, Siersma V, Henriksen T et al (2011) Urinary markers of nucleic acid oxidation and long-term mortality of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes Care 34:2594–2596
Butterfield DA, Reed TT, Perluigi M et al (2007) Elevated levels of 3-nitrotyrosine in brain from subjects with amnestic mild cognitive impairment: implications for the role of nitration in the progression of Alzheimer’s disease. Brain Res 1148:243–248
Calabrese V, Cornelius C, Dinkova-Kostova AT, Calabrese EJ, Mattson MP (2010) Cellular stress responses, the hormesis paradigm, and vitagenes: novel targets for therapeutic intervention in neurodegenerative disorders. Antioxid Redox Signal 13:1763–1811
Calabrese V, Cornelius C, Dinkova-Kostova AT et al (2012) Cellular stress responses, hormetic phytochemicals and vitagenes in aging and longevity. Biochim Biophys Acta 1822:753–783
Cao X, Yeo G, Muotri AR, Kuwabara T, Gage FH (2006) Noncoding RNAs in the mammalian central nervous system. Annu Rev Neurosci 29:77–103
Casadesus G, Smith MA, Basu S et al (2007) Increased isoprostane and prostaglandin are prominent in neurons in Alzheimer disease. Mol Neurodegener 2:2
Castellani RJ, Harris PL, Sayre LM et al (2001) Active glycation in neurofibrillary pathology of Alzheimer disease: N(epsilon)-(carboxymethyl) lysine and hexitol-lysine. Free Radic Biol Med 31:175–180
Chang Y, Kong Q, Shan X et al (2008) Messenger RNA oxidation occurs early in disease pathogenesis and promotes motor neuron degeneration in ALS. PLoS ONE 3:e2849
Che Y, Wang JF, Shao L, Young T (2010) Oxidative damage to RNA but not DNA in the hippocampus of patients with major mental illness. J Psychiatry Neurosci 35:296–302
Cooke MS, Olinski R, Evans MD (2006) Does measurement of oxidative damage to DNA have clinical significance? Clin Chim Acta 365:30–49
Coyle JT, Puttfarcken P (1993) Oxidative stress, glutamate, and neurodegenerative disorders. Science 262:689–695
Cui L, Hofer T, Rani A, Leeuwenburgh C, Foster TC (2009) Comparison of lifelong and late life exercise on oxidative stress in the cerebellum. Neurobiol Aging 30:903–909
Deutscher MP (2006) Degradation of RNA in bacteria: comparison of mRNA and stable RNA. Nucleic Acids Res 34:659–666
Ding Q, Dimayuga E, Markesbery WR, Keller JN (2004) Proteasome inhibition increases DNA and RNA oxidation in astrocyte and neuron cultures. J Neurochem 91:1211–1218
Ding Q, Markesbery WR, Chen Q, Li F, Keller JN (2005) Ribosome dysfunction is an early event in Alzheimer’s disease. J Neurosci 25:9171–9175
Ding Q, Markesbery WR, Cecarini V, Keller JN (2006) Decreased RNA, and increased RNA oxidation, in ribosomes from early Alzheimer’s disease. Neurochem Res 31:705–710
Ding Q, Cecarini V, Keller JN (2007) Interplay between protein synthesis and degradation in the CNS: physiological and pathological implications. Trends Neurosci 30:31–36
Evans MD, Dizdaroglu M, Cooke MS (2004) Oxidative DNA damage and disease: induction, repair and significance. Mutat Res 567:1–61
Fiala ES, Conaway CC, Mathis JE (1989) Oxidative DNA and RNA damage in the livers of Sprague-Dawley rats treated with the hepatocarcinogen 2-nitropropane. Cancer Res 49:5518–5522
Foksinski M, Rozalski R, Guz J et al (2004) Urinary excretion of DNA repair products correlates with metabolic rates as well as with maximum life spans of different mammalian species. Free Radic Biol Med 37:1449–1454
Furuta A, Iida T, Nakabeppu Y, Iwaki T (2001) Expression of hMTH1 in the hippocampi of control and Alzheimer’s disease. NeuroReport 12:2895–2899
Gemma C, Vila J, Bachstetter A, Bickford PC (2007) Oxidative stress and the aging brain: from theory to prevention, Chapter 15. In: Riddle DR (ed) Brain aging: models, methods, and mechanisms. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL
Gong X, Tao R, Li Z (2006) Quantification of RNA damage by reverse transcription polymerase chain reactions. Anal Biochem 357:58–67
Görg B, Qvartskhava N, Keitel V et al (2008) Ammonia induces RNA oxidation in cultured astrocytes and brain in vivo. Hepatology 48:567–579
Görg B, Qvartskhava N, Bidmon HJ et al (2010) Oxidative stress markers in the brain of patients with cirrhosis and hepatic encephalopathy. Hepatology 52:256–265
Gu G, Reyes PE, Golden GT et al (2002) Mitochondrial DNA deletions/rearrangements in Parkinson disease and related neurodegenerative disorders. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 61:634–639
Guentchev M, Siedlak SL, Jarius C et al (2002) Oxidative damage to nucleic acids in human prion disease. Neurobiol Dis 9:275–281
Guidi I, Galimberti D, Lonati S et al (2006) Oxidative imbalance in patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease. Neurobiol Aging 27:262–269
Gurney ME, Pu H, Chiu AY et al (1994) Motor neuron degeneration in mice that express a human Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase mutation. Science 264:1772–1775
Hayakawa H, Sekiguchi M (2006) Human polynucleotide phosphorylase protein in response to oxidative stress. Biochemistry (Mosc) 45:6749–6755
Hayakawa H, Hofer A, Thelander L et al (1999) Metabolic fate of oxidized guanine ribonucleotides in mammalian cells. Biochemistry (Mosc) 38:3610–3614
Hayakawa H, Kuwano M, Sekiguchi M (2001) Specific binding of 8-oxoguanine-containing RNA to polynucleotide phosphorylase protein. Biochemistry (Mosc) 40:9977–9982
Hayakawa H, Uchiumi T, Fukuda T et al (2002) Binding capacity of human YB-1 protein for RNA containing 8-oxoguanine. Biochemistry (Mosc) 41:12739–12744
Hayakawa H, Fujikane A, Ito R, Matsumoto M, Nakayama KI, Sekiguchi M (2010) Human proteins that specifically bind to 8-oxoguanine-containing RNA and their responses to oxidative stress. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 403:220–224
Hayashi M, Arai N, Satoh J et al (2002) Neurodegenerative mechanisms in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. J Child Neurol 17:725–730
Hayashi M, Araki S, Kohyama J, Shioda K, Fukatsu R (2005) Oxidative nucleotide damage and superoxide dismutase expression in the brains of xeroderma pigmentosum group A and Cockayne syndrome. Brain Dev 27:34–38
Hirai K, Aliev G, Nunomura A et al (2001) Mitochondrial abnormalities in Alzheimer’s disease. J Neurosci 21:3017–3023
Hirtz D, Thurman DJ, Gwinn-Hardy K, Mohamed M, Chaudhuri AR, Zalutsky R (2007) How common are the “common” neurologic disorders? Neurology 68:326–337
Hofer T, Badouard C, Bajak E, Ravanat JL, Mattsson A, Cotgreave IA (2005) Hydrogen peroxide causes greater oxidation in cellular RNA than in DNA. Biol Chem 386:333–337
Hofer T, Seo AY, Prudencio M, Leeuwenburgh C (2006) A method to determine RNA and DNA oxidation simultaneously by HPLC-ECD: greater RNA than DNA oxidation in rat liver after doxorubicin administration. Biol Chem 387:103–111
Hofer T, Fontana L, Anton SD et al (2008a) Long-term effects of caloric restriction or exercise on DNA and RNA oxidation levels in white blood cells and urine in humans. Rejuvenation Res 11:793–799
Hofer T, Marzetti E, Xu J et al (2008b) Increased iron content and RNA oxidative damage in skeletal muscle with aging and disuse atrophy. Exp Gerontol 43:563–570
Hoffman WH, Siedlak SL, Wang Y, Castellani RJ, Smith MA (2011) Oxidative damage is present in the fatal brain edema of diabetic ketoacidosis. Brain Res 1369:194–202
Holcomb DR, Ropp PA, Theil EC, Thorp HH (2010) Nature of guanine oxidation in RNA via the flash-quench technique versus direct oxidation by a metal oxo complex. Inorg Chem 49:786–795
Honda K, Smith MA, Zhu X et al (2005) Ribosomal RNA in Alzheimer disease is oxidized by bound redox-active iron. J Biol Chem 280:20978–20986
Honig LS, Kukull W, Mayeux R (2005) Atherosclerosis and AD: analysis of data from the US National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center. Neurology 64:494–500
Huang WL, King VR, Curran OE et al (2007) A combination of intravenous and dietary docosahexaenoic acid significantly improves outcome after spinal cord injury. Brain 130:3004–3019
Ischiropoulos H, Beckman JS (2003) Oxidative stress and nitration in neurodegeneration: cause, effect, or association? J Clin Invest 111:163–169
Ishibashi T, Hayakawa H, Ito R, Miyazawa M, Yamagata Y, Sekiguchi M (2005) Mammalian enzymes for preventing transcriptional errors caused by oxidative damage. Nucleic Acids Res 33:3779–3784
Ito R, Hayakawa H, Sekiguchi M, Ishibashi T (2005) Multiple enzyme activities of Escherichia coli MutT protein for sanitization of DNA and RNA precursor pools. Biochemistry (Mosc) 44:6670–6674
Jacobs AC, Resendiz MJ, Greenberg MM (2010) Direct strand scission from a nucleobase radical in RNA. J Am Chem Soc 132:3668–3669
Javitch JA, D’Amato RJ, Strittmatter SM, Snyder SH (1985) Parkinsonism-inducing neurotoxin, N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine: uptake of the metabolite N-methyl-4-phenylpyridine by dopamine neurons explains selective toxicity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 82:2173–2177
Kajitani K, Yamaguchi H, Dan Y, Furuichi M, Kang D, Nakabeppu Y (2006) MTH1, an oxidized purine nucleoside triphosphatase, suppresses the accumulation of oxidative damage of nucleic acids in the hippocampal microglia during kainate-induced excitotoxicity. J Neurosci 26:1688–1698
Kasai H, Crain PF, Kuchino Y, Nishimura S, Ootsuyama A, Tanooka H (1986) Formation of 8-hydroxyguanine moiety in cellular DNA by agents producing oxygen radicals and evidence for its repair. Carcinogenesis 7:1849–1851
Kedersha N, Stoecklin G, Ayodele M et al (2005) Stress granules and processing bodies are dynamically linked sites of mRNP remodeling. J Cell Biol 169:871–884
Keller JN, Schmitt FA, Scheff SW et al (2005) Evidence of increased oxidative damage in subjects with mild cognitive impairment. Neurology 64:1152–1156
Kikuchi A, Takeda A, Onodera H et al (2002) Systemic increase of oxidative nucleic acid damage in Parkinson’s disease and multiple system atrophy. Neurobiol Dis 9:244–248
King VR, Huang WL, Dyall SC, Curran OE, Priestley JV, Michael-Titus AT (2006) Omega-3 fatty acids improve recovery, whereas omega-6 fatty acids worsen outcome, after spinal cord injury in the adult rat. J Neurosci 26:4672–4680
Krokan HE, Kavli B, Slupphaug G (2004) Novel aspects of macromolecular repair and relationship to human disease. J Mol Med 82:280–297
Lee JW, Beebe K, Nangle LA et al (2006) Editing-defective tRNA synthetase causes protein misfolding and neurodegeneration. Nature 443:50–55
Li Z, Wu J, Deleo CJ (2006) RNA damage and surveillance under oxidative stress. IUBMB Life 58:581–588
Lin MT, Beal MF (2006) Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in neurodegenerative diseases. Nature 443:787–795
Liu J, Head E, Gharib AM et al (2002) Memory loss in old rats is associated with brain mitochondrial decay and RNA/DNA oxidation: partial reversal by feeding acetyl-L-carnitine and/or R-alpha -lipoic acid. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99:2356–2361
Liu Q, Xie F, Rolston R et al (2007) Prevention and treatment of Alzheimer disease and aging: antioxidants. Mini Rev Med Chem 7:171–180
Logroscino G, Beghi E, Zoccolella S et al (2005) Incidence of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in southern Italy: a population based study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 76:1094–1098
Lovell MA, Markesbery WR (2008) Oxidatively modified RNA in mild cognitive impairment. Neurobiol Dis 29:169–175
Lovell MA, Xiong S, Lyubartseva G, Markesbery WR (2009) Organoselenium (Sel-Plex diet) decreases amyloid burden and RNA and DNA oxidative damage in APP/PS1 mice. Free Radic Biol Med 46:1527–1533
Lovell MA, Soman S, Bradley MA (2011) Oxidatively modified nucleic acids in preclinical Alzheimer’s disease (PCAD) brain. Mech Ageing Dev 132:443–448
Mangialasche F, Solomon A, Winblad B, Mecocci P, Kivipelto M (2010) Alzheimer’s disease: clinical trials and drug development. Lancet Neurol 9:702–716
Manini P, De Palma G, Andreoli R et al (2009) Biomarkers of nucleic acid oxidation, polymorphism in, and expression of, hOGG1 gene in styrene-exposed workers. Toxicol Lett 190:41–47
Manini P, De Palma G, Andreoli R et al (2010) Occupational exposure to low levels of benzene: biomarkers of exposure and nucleic acid oxidation and their modulation by polymorphic xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes. Toxicol Lett 193:229–235
Martinet W, de Meyer GR, Herman AG, Kockx MM (2004) Reactive oxygen species induce RNA damage in human atherosclerosis. Eur J Clin Invest 34:323–327
Mattson MP, Chan SL, Duan W (2002) Modification of brain aging and neurodegenerative disorders by genes, diet, and behavior. Physiol Rev 82:637–672
Mehler MF, Mattick JS (2007) Noncoding RNAs and RNA editing in brain development, functional diversification, and neurological disease. Physiol Rev 87:799–823
Migliore L, Fontana I, Trippi F et al (2005) Oxidative DNA damage in peripheral leukocytes of mild cognitive impairment and AD patients. Neurobiol Aging 26:567–573
Miyata R, Hayashi M, Tanuma N, Shioda K, Fukatsu R, Mizutani S (2008) Oxidative stress in neurodegeneration in dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy. J Neurol Sci 264:133–139
Moreira PI, Honda K, Zhu X et al (2006a) Brain and brawn: parallels in oxidative strength. Neurology 66(Suppl 1):S97–S101
Moreira PI, Zhu X, Nunomura A, Smith MA, Perry G (2006b) Therapeutic options in Alzheimer’s disease. Expert Rev Neurother 6:897–910
Moreira PI, Nunomura A, Nakamura M et al (2008) Nucleic acid oxidation in Alzheimer disease. Free Radic Biol Med 44:1493–1505
Mundt JM, Hah SS, Sumbad RA, Schramm V, Henderson PT (2008) Incorporation of extracellular 8-oxodG into DNA and RNA requires purine nucleoside phosphorylase in MCF-7 cells. Nucleic Acids Res 36:228–236
Nakabeppu Y, Tsuchimoto D, Ichinoe A et al (2004) Biological significance of the defense mechanisms against oxidative damage in nucleic acids caused by reactive oxygen species: from mitochondria to nuclei. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1011:101–111
Nakabeppu Y, Kajitani K, Sakamoto K, Yamaguchi H, Tsuchimoto D (2006) MTH1, an oxidized purine nucleoside triphosphatase, prevents the cytotoxicity and neurotoxicity of oxidized purine nucleotides. DNA Repair (Amst) 5:761–772
Nelson PT, Wang WX, Rajeev BW (2008) MicroRNAs (miRNAs) in neurodegenerative diseases. Brain Pathol 18:130–138
Nunomura A, Perry G, Pappolla MA et al (1999) RNA oxidation is a prominent feature of vulnerable neurons in Alzheimer’s disease. J Neurosci 19:1959–1964
Nunomura A, Perry G, Pappolla MA et al (2000) Neuronal oxidative stress precedes amyloid-β deposition in Down syndrome. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 59:1011–1017
Nunomura A, Perry G, Aliev G et al (2001) Oxidative damage is the earliest event in Alzheimer disease. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 60:759–767
Nunomura A, Chiba S, Kosaka K et al (2002) Neuronal RNA oxidation is a prominent feature of dementia with Lewy bodies. NeuroReport 13:2035–2039
Nunomura A, Chiba S, Lippa CF et al (2004) Neuronal RNA oxidation is a prominent feature of familial Alzheimer’s disease. Neurobiol Dis 17:108–113
Nunomura A, Castellani RJ, Zhu X, Moreira PI, Perry G, Smith MA (2006) Involvement of oxidative stress in Alzheimer disease. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 65:631–641
Nunomura A, Moreira PI, Lee HG et al (2007) Neuronal death and survival under oxidative stress in Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases. CNS Neurol Disord: Drug Targets 6:411–423
Nunomura A, Tamaoki T, Tanaka K et al (2010) Intraneuronal amyloid β accumulation and oxidative damage to nucleic acids in Alzheimer disease. Neurobiol Dis 37:731–737
Nunomura A, Tamaoki T, Motohashi N et al (2012) The earliest stage of cognitive impairment in transition from normal aging to Alzheimer disease is marked by prominent RNA oxidation in vulnerable neurons. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 71:233–241
Park EM, Shigenaga MK, Degan P et al (1992) Assay of excised oxidative DNA lesions: isolation of 8-oxoguanine and its nucleoside derivatives from biological fluids with a monoclonal antibody column. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89:3375–3379
Perkins DO, Jeffries C, Sullivan P (2005) Expanding the ‘central dogma’: the regulatory role of nonprotein coding genes and implications for the genetic liability to schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry 10:69–78
Perry G, Nunomura A, Cash AD et al (2002a) Reactive oxygen: its sources and significance in Alzheimer disease. J Neural Transm Suppl 62:69–75
Perry G, Nunomura A, Hirai K et al (2002b) Is oxidative damage the fundamental pathogenic mechanism of Alzheimer’s and other neurodegenerative diseases? Free Radic Biol Med 33:1475–1479
Petersen RB, Siedlak SL, Lee HG et al (2005) Redox metals and oxidative abnormalities in human prion diseases. Acta Neuropathol 110:232–238
Praticò D, Clark CM, Liun F, Rokach J, Lee VY, Trojanowski JQ (2002) Increase of brain oxidative stress in mild cognitive impairment: a possible predictor of Alzheimer disease. Arch Neurol 59:972–976
Rahkonen T, Eloniemi-Sulkava U, Rissanen S, Vatanen A, Viramo P, Sulkava R (2003) Dementia with Lewy bodies according to the consensus criteria in a general population aged 75 years or older. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 74:720–724
Rhee Y, Valentine MR, Termini J (1995) Oxidative base damage in RNA detected by reverse transcriptase. Nucleic Acids Res 23:3275–3282
Rinaldi P, Polidori MC, Metastasio A et al (2003) Plasma antioxidants are similarly depleted in mild cognitive impairment and in Alzheimer’s disease. Neurobiol Aging 24:915–919
Rosen DR, Siddique T, Patterson D et al (1993) Mutations in Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase gene are associated with familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Nature 362:59–62
Row BW, Liu R, Xu W, Kheirandish L, Gozal D (2003) Intermittent hypoxia is associated with oxidative stress and spatial learning deficits in the rat. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 167:1548–1553
Sayre LM, Zelasko DA, Harris PL, Perry G, Salomon RG, Smith MA (1997) 4-Hydroxynonenal-derived advanced lipid peroxidation end products are increased in Alzheimer’s disease. J Neurochem 68:2092–2097
Sayre LM, Perry G, Smith MA (1999) In situ methods for detection and localization of markers of oxidative stress: application in neurodegenerative disorders. Methods Enzymol 309:133–152
Sayre LM, Smith MA, Perry G (2001) Chemistry and biochemistry of oxidative stress in neurodegenerative disease. Curr Med Chem 8:721–738
Schapira AH, Cooper JM, Dexter D, Clark JB, Jenner P, Marsden CD (1990) Mitochondrial complex I deficiency in Parkinson’s disease. J Neurochem 54:823–827
Schneider JE Jr, Phillips JR, Pye Q, Maidt ML, Price S, Floyd RA (1993) Methylene blue and rose bengal photoinactivation of RNA bacteriophages: comparative studies of 8-oxoguanine formation in isolated RNA. Arch Biochem Biophys 301:91–97
Schubert J, Wilmer JW (1991) Does hydrogen peroxide exist “free” in biological systems? Free Radic Biol Med 11:545–555
Seo AY, Hofer T, Sung B, Judge S, Chung HY, Leeuwenburgh C (2006) Hepatic oxidative stress during aging: effects of 8% long-term calorie restriction and lifelong exercise. Antioxid Redox Signal 8:529–538
Seo AY, Xu J, Servais S et al (2008) Mitochondrial iron accumulation with age and functional consequences. Aging Cell 7:706–716
Shan X, Lin CL (2006) Quantification of oxidized RNAs in Alzheimer’s disease. Neurobiol Aging 27:657–662
Shan X, Tashiro H, Lin CL (2003) The identification and characterization of oxidized RNAs in Alzheimer’s disease. J Neurosci 23:4913–4921
Shan X, Chang Y, Lin CL (2007) Messenger RNA oxidation is an early event preceding cell death and causes reduced protein expression. FASEB J 21:2753–2764
Shao C, Xiong S, Li GM et al (2008) Altered 8-oxoguanine glycosylase in mild cognitive impairment and late-stage Alzheimer’s disease brain. Free Radic Biol Med 45:813–819
Shen Z, Wu W, Hazen SL (2000) Activated leukocytes oxidatively damage DNA, RNA, and the nucleotide pool through halide-dependent formation of hydroxyl radical. Biochemistry (Mosc) 39:5474–5482
Sheth U, Parker R (2003) Decapping and decay of messenger RNA occur in cytoplasmic processing bodies. Science 300:805–808
Shi Q, Gibson GE (2011) Up-regulation of the mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase by oxidative stress is mediated by miR-743a. J Neurochem 118:440–448
Shi F, Gan W, Nie B et al (2012) Greater nucleic acids oxidation in the temporal lobe than the frontal lobe in SAMP8. NeuroReport 23:508–512
Shimura-Miura H, Hattori N, Kang D, Miyako K, Nakabeppu Y, Mizuno Y (1999) Increased 8-oxo-dGTPase in the mitochondria of substantia nigral neurons in Parkinson’s disease. Ann Neurol 46:920–924
Smith MA, Nunomura A, Zhu X, Takeda A, Perry G (2000) Metabolic, metallic, and mitotic sources of oxidative stress in Alzheimer disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2:413–420
Sofic E, Riederer P, Heinsen H et al (1988) Increased iron (III) and total iron content in post mortem substantia nigra of parkinsonian brain. J Neural Transm 74:199–205
Song XN, Zhang LQ, Liu DG et al (2011) Oxidative damage to RNA and expression patterns of MTH1 in the hippocampi of senescence-accelerated SAMP8 mice and Alzheimer’s disease patients. Neurochem Res 36:1558–1565
Sperling RA, Aisen PS, Beckett LA et al (2011) Toward defining the preclinical stages of Alzheimer’s disease; recommendations from the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer’s Association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimers Dement 7:280–292
Szymanski M, Barciszewska MZ, Erdmann VA, Barciszewski J (2005) A new frontier for molecular medicine: noncoding RNAs. Biochim Biophys Acta 1756:65–75
Taddei F, Hayakawa H, Bouton M et al (1997) Counteraction by MutT protein of transcriptional errors caused by oxidative damage. Science 278:128–130
Taft RJ, Pheasant M, Mattick JS (2007) The relationship between non-protein-coding DNA and eukaryotic complexity. BioEssays 29:288–299
Takahashi MA, Asada K (1983) Superoxide anion permeability of phospholipid membranes and chloroplast thylakoids. Arch Biochem Biophys 226:558–566
Tanaka M, Chock PB, Stadtman ER (2007) Oxidized messenger RNA induces translation errors. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104:66–71
Tanaka M, Han S, Küpfer PA, Leumann CJ, Sonntag WE (2011a) Quantification of oxidized levels of specific RNA species using an aldehyde reactive probe. Anal Biochem 417:142–148
Tanaka M, Han S, Küpfer PA, Leumann CJ, Sonntag WE (2011b) An assay for RNA oxidation induced abasic sites using the Aldehyde Reactive Probe. Free Radic Res 45:237–247
Tateyama M, Takeda A, Onodera Y et al (2003) Oxidative stress and predominant Aβ42(43) deposition in myopathies with rimmed vacuoles. Acta Neuropathol 105:581–585
Taylor JP, Hardy J, Fischbeck KH (2002) Toxic proteins in neurodegenerative disease. Science 296:1991–1995
van Leeuwen FW, de Kleijn DP, van den Hurk HH et al (1998) Frameshift mutants of β amyloid precursor protein and ubiquitin-B in Alzheimer’s and Down patients. Science 279:242–247
Vascotto C, Fantini D, Romanello M et al (2009) APE1/Ref-1 interacts with NPM1 within nucleoli and plays a role in the rRNA quality control process. Mol Cell Biol 29:1834–1854
Wamer WG, Wei RR (1997) In vitro photooxidation of nucleic acids by ultraviolet A radiation. Photochem Photobiol 65:560–563
Wang Q, Yu S, Simonyi A, Sun GY, Sun AY (2005) Kainic acid-mediated excitotoxicity as a model for neurodegeneration. Mol Neurobiol 31:3–16
Wang J, Markesbery WR, Lovell MA (2006) Increased oxidative damage in nuclear and mitochondrial DNA in mild cognitive impairment. J Neurochem 96:825–832
Weidner AM, Bradley MA, Beckett TL et al (2011) RNA oxidation adducts 8-OHG and 8-OHA change with Aβ42 levels in late-stage Alzheimer’s disease. PLoS ONE 6(9):e24930
Weimann A, Belling D, Poulsen HE (2002) Quantification of 8-oxo-guanine and guanine as the nucleobase, nucleoside and deoxynucleoside forms in human urine by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. Nucleic Acids Res 30:e7
Weissman L, Jo DG, Sørensen MM et al (2007) Defective DNA base excision repair in brain from individuals with Alzheimer’s disease and amnestic mild cognitive impairment. Nucleic Acids Res 35:5545–5555
Wu J, Li Z (2008) Human polynucleotide phosphorylase reduces oxidative RNA damage and protects HeLa cell against oxidative stress. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 372:288–292
Yamaguchi H, Kajitani K, Dan Y et al (2006) MTH1, an oxidized purine nucleoside triphosphatase, protects the dopamine neurons from oxidative damage in nucleic acids caused by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine. Cell Death Differ 13:551–563
Yanagawa H, Ogawa Y, Ueno M (1992) Redox ribonucleosides. Isolation and characterization of 5-hydroxyuridine, 8-hydroxyguanosine, and 8-hydroxyadenosine from Torula yeast RNA. J Biol Chem 267:13320–13326
Yang WH, Bloch DB (2007) Probing the mRNA processing body using protein macroarrays and “autoantigenomics”. RNA 13:704–712
Yin B, Whyatt RM, Perera FP, Randall MC, Cooper TB, Santella RM (1995) Determination of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine by an immunoaffinity chromatography-monoclonal antibody-based ELISA. Free Radic Biol Med 18:1023–1032