Abrams P, Cardozo L, Fall M, et al.: The standardization of terminology of lower urinary tract function: report from the Standardisation Sub-committee of the International Continence Society. Neurourol Urodyn 2002, 21:167–178.
Wein AJ, Rovner ES: Definition and epidemiology of overactive bladder. Urology 2002, 60 (suppl 5A):7–12.
Hampel C, Weinhold D, Benker N, et al.: Definition of overactive bladder and epidemiology of urinary incontinence. Urology 1997, 50(suppl 6):4–14.
Milsom I, Stewart W, Thuroff J: The prevalence of overactive bladder. Am J Managed Care 2000, 6(suppl):S565-S573.
Stewart WF, Van Rooyen JB, Cundiff GW, et al.: Prevalence and burden of overactive bladder in the United States. World J Urol 2003, 20:327–336.
Temml C, Heidler S, Ponholzer A, Madersbacher S: Prevalence of the overactive bladder syndrome by applying the International Continence Society definition. Eur Urol 2005, in press.
Milsom I, Abrams P, Cardozo L, et al.: How widespread are the symptoms of an overactive bladder and how are they managed? A population-based prevalence study. BJU Int 2001, 87:760–766.
Tubaro A: Defining overactive bladder: epidemiology and burden of disease. Urology 2004, 64(suppl 6A):2–6.
Stothers L, Thom D, Calhoun E: Urologic diseases in America project. Urinary incontinence in males: demographics and economic burden. J Urol 2005, 173:1302–1308.
Hu T, Wagner TH, Bentkover JD, et al.: Estimated economic costs of overactive bladder in the United States. Urology 2003, 61:1123–1128.
Barry MJ, Cockett ATK, Holtgrewe HL, et al.: Relationship of symptoms of prostatism to commonly used physiological and anatomical measures of the severity of benign prostatic hyperplasia. J Urol 1993, 132:474–479.
de la Rosette JJ, Witjes WP, Schaefer W, et al.: Relationships between lower urinary tract symptoms and bladder outlet obstruction: results from the ICS-“BPH” study. Neurourol Urodyn 1998, 17:99–108.
Roberts RO, Jacobsen SJ, Jacobson DJ, et al.: Longitudinal changes in peak urinary flow rates in a community-based cohort. J Urol 2000, 163:107–113.
Sarma AV, Jacobsen SJ, Girman CJ, et al.: Concomitant longitudinal changes in frequency of and bother from lower urinary tract symptoms in community dwelling men. J Urol 2002, 168:1446–1452.
Rhodes T, Girman CJ, Jacobsen SJ, et al.: Longitudinal growth rates during 5 years in randomly selected community men 40 to 79 years old. J Urol 1999, 16:1174–1179.
Andersen JT, Nordling J, Walter S: Prostatism. I: The correlation between symptoms, cystometric and urodynamic findings. Scand J Urol Nephrol 1979, 13:229–236.
Hyman MJ, Groutz A, Blaivas JG: Detrusor instability in men: correlation of lower urinary tract symptoms with urodynamic findings. J Urol 2001, 166:550–553.
Gades NM, Jacobson DJ, Girman CJ, et al.: Prevalence of conditions potentially associated with lower urinary tract symptoms in men. BJU Int 2005, 95:549–553.
Kumar V, Cross RL, Chess-Williams R, Chapple CR: Recent advances in basic science for overactive bladder. Curr Opin Urol 2005, 15:222–226.
Charlton RG, Morley AR, Chambers P, et al.: Focal changes in nerve, muscle, and connective tissue in normal and unstable human bladder. BJU Int 1999, 84:953–960.
O’Reilly BA, Kosaka AH, Chang TK, et al.: A quantitative analysis of purinoceptor expression in the bladders of patients with symptomatic outlet obstruction. BJU Int 2001, 87:617–622.
Levin RM, Haugaard N, O’Connor L, et al.: Obstructive response of human bladder to BPH vs. rabbit bladder response to partial outlet obstruction: a direct comparison. Neurourol Urodyn 2000, 19:609–629.
Levin RM, Brading AF, Mills IW, Longhust PA: Experimental models of bladder obstruction. In Prostatic Diseases. Edited by Lepor H. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders; 2000:169–196.
Levin RM, Naugaard N, O’Connor L, et al.: Obstructive response of human bladder to BPH vs. rabbit bladder response to partial outlet obstruction: a direct comparison. Neurourol Urodyn 2000, 19:609–629.
O’Reilly BA, Kosaka AH, Chang TK, et al.: A quantitative analysis of purinoceptor expression in the bladders of patients with symptomatic outlet obstruction. BJU Int 2001, 87:617–622.
Smith DJ, Chapple CR: In vitro response of human bladder smooth muscle in unstable obstructed male bladders: a study of pathophysiological causes? Neurourol Urodyn 1994, 13:414–415.
Kim JC, Kim DB, Seo SI, et al.: Nerve growth factor and vanilloid receptor expression, and detrusor instability, after relieving bladder outlet obstruction in rats. BJU Int 2004, 94:915–918.
Schroder A, Newgreen D, Andersson KE: Detrusor responses to prostaglandin E2 and bladder outlet obstruction in wild-type and Ep1-receptor knockout mice. J Urol 2004, 172:1166–1170.
Khan MA, Thompson CS, Angelini GD, et al.: Prostaglandins and cyclic nucleotides in the urinary bladder of a rabbit model of partial bladder outlet obstruction. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 1999, 61:307–314.
Schroder A, Tajimi M, Matsumoto H, et al.: Protective effect of an oral endothelin-converting enzyme inhibitor on rat detrusor function after outlet obstruction. J Urol 2004, 172:1171–1174.
Kaplan SA, Bowers DL, Te AE, Olsson CA: Differential diagnosis of prostatism: a 12-year retrospective analysis of symptoms, urodynamics, and satisfaction with therapy. J Urol 1996, 155:1305–1308.
Van Venrooij GE, Van Melick HH, Eckhardt MD, et al.: Correlations of urodynamic changes with changes in symptoms and well-being after transurethral resection of the prostate. J Urol 2002, 169:605–609.
Nordling J: The aging bladder: a significant but under-estimated role in the development of lower urinary tract symptoms. Exp Gerontol 2002, 37:991–999.
Elbadawi A, Yalla SV, Resnick NM: Structural basis of geriatric voiding dysfunction. III: detrusor overactivity. J Urol 1993, 150:1668–1680.
Elbadawi A, Yalla SV, Resnick NM: Structural basis of geriatric voiding dysfunction. IV: bladder outlet obstruction. J Urol 1993, 150:1681–1695.
Bayliss M, Wu C, Newgreen D, et al.: A quantitative study of atropine-resistant contractile responses in human detrusor smooth muscle, from stable, unstable and obstructed bladders. J Urol 1999, 162:1833–1839.
AUA Practice Guidelines Committee: AUA guideline on management of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Chapter 1: diagnosis and treatment recommendations. J Urol 2003, 170:530–547.
Machino R, Kakizaki H, Ameda K, et al.: Detrusor instability with equivocal obstruction: a predictor of unfavorable symptomatic outcomes after transurethral prostatectomy. Neurourol Urodyn 2002, 21:444–449.
Reynard JM, Yang Q, Donovan JL, et al.: The ICS-BPH Study: uroflowmetry, lower urinary tract symptoms, and bladder outlet obstruction. Br J Urol 1998, 82:619–623.
Porru D, Jallous H, Cavalli, et al.: Prognostic value of a combination of IPSS, flow rate, and residual urine volume compared to pressure-flow studies in the preoperative evaluation of symptomatic BPH. Eur Urol 2002, 41:246–249.
Kolman C, Girman CJ, Jacobsen SJ, et al.: Distribution of postvoid residual urine in randomly selected men. J Urol 1999, 161:122–127.
McNeill SA, Hargreave TB, Geffriaud-Ricouard C, et al.: Postvoid residual urine in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia: a pooled analysis of eleven controlled studies with alfuzosin. Urology 2001, 57:459–465.
Nitti VW, Lefkowitz G, Ficazzola M, Dixon CM: Lower urinary tract symptoms in young men: videourodynamic findings and correlation with noninvasive measures. J Urol 2002, 168:135–138.
Nitti VW, Kim Y, Combs AJ: Voiding dysfunction following transurethral resection of the prostate: symptoms and urodynamic findings. J Urol 1997, 157:600–603.
Wadie BS, El-Husseiny EE, Gomha MA: The relationship of detrusor instability and symptoms with objective parameters used for diagnosing bladder outlet obstruction: a prospective study. J Urol 2002, 168:132–134.
Gonzalez RR, Te AE: Overactive bladder and men: indications for anticholinergics. Curr Urol Rep 2003, 4:429–435.
Gormley E, Griffiths D, McCracken P, et al.: Effect of transurethral resection of the prostate on detrusor instability and urge incontinence in elderly males. Neurourol Urodyn 1993, 12:445–453.
Leng WW, Davies BJ, Tarin T, et al.: Delayed treatment of bladder outlet obstruction after sling surgery: association with irreversible bladder dysfunction. J Urol 2004, 172:1370–1381.
de Nunzio C, Franco G, Rocchegiani A, et al.: The evolution of detrusor overactivity after watchful waiting, medical therapy, and surgery in patients with bladder outlet obstruction. J Urol 2003, 169:535–539.
Abrams P, Kaplan S, Millard R: Tolterodine treatment is safe in men with bladder outlet obstruction and symptomatic detrusor overactivity. Proceedings of the International Continence Society 32nd Annual Meeting. Seoul, Korea: September 18–20, 2001.
Athanasopoulos A, Gyftopoulos K, Giannitsas K, et al.: Combination treatment with an alpha-blocker plus an anticholinergic for bladder outlet obstruction: a prospective, randomized, controlled study. J Urol 2003, 169:2253–2256.
Gerber G, Kim J, Contreras B, et al.: An observational urodynamic evaluation of men with lower urinary tract symptoms treated with doxazosin. Urology 1996, 47:840–844.
Schwinn DA, Price DT, Perinchery N: Alpha-1 adrenoreceptor subtype selectivity and lower urinary tract symptoms. Mayo Clin Proc 2004, 79:1423–1434.
Herbison P, Hay-Smith J, Ellis G, et al.: Effectiveness of anticholinergic drugs compared with placebo in the treatment of overactive bladder: systematic review. BMJ 2003, 326:841–844.
Resnick NM, Yalla SV: Detrusor hyperactivity with impaired contractile function: an unrecognized but common cause of incontinence in elderly patients. JAMA 1987, 257:3076–3081.
Siegel SW, Catanzaro F, Dijkema HE, et al.: Long-term results of a multicenter study on sacral nerve stimulation for treatment of urinary urge incontinence, urgency-frequency, and retention. Urology 2000, 56:87–91.