Outsmarting the Liars: The Benefit of Asking Unanticipated Questions

Law and Human Behavior - Tập 33 Số 2 - Trang 159-166 - 2009
Vrij, Aldert1, Leal, Sharon1, Granhag, Pär Anders2, Mann, Samantha1, Fisher, Ronald P.3, Hillman, Jackie1, Sperry, Kathryn1
1Psychology Department, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
2University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
3Florida International University, Miami, USA

Tóm tắt

We hypothesised that the responses of pairs of liars would correspond less with each other than would responses of pairs of truth tellers, but only when the responses are given to unanticipated questions. Liars and truth tellers were interviewed individually about having had lunch together in a restaurant. The interviewer asked typical opening questions which we expected the liars to anticipate, followed by questions about spatial and/or temporal information which we expected suspects not to anticipate, and also a request to draw the layout of the restaurant. The results supported the hypothesis, and based on correspondence in responses to the unanticipated questions, up to 80% of liars and truth tellers could be correctly classified, particularly when assessing drawings.

Tài liệu tham khảo

citation_journal_title=Personality and Social Psychology Review; citation_title=Accuracy of deception judgements; citation_author=CF Bond, BM DePaulo; citation_volume=10; citation_publication_date=2006; citation_pages=214-234; citation_doi=10.1207/s15327957pspr1003_2; citation_id=CR1 citation_journal_title=Psychological Bulletin; citation_title=Cues to deception; citation_author=BM DePaulo, JL Lindsay, BE Malone, L Muhlenbruck, K Charlton, H Cooper; citation_volume=129; citation_publication_date=2003; citation_pages=74-118; citation_doi=10.1037/0033-2909.129.1.74; citation_id=CR2 citation_title=Memory-enhancing techniques in investigative interviewing: The cognitive interview; citation_publication_date=1992; citation_id=CR3; citation_author=R Fisher; citation_author=RE Geiselman; citation_publisher=C.C. Thomas citation_journal_title=Journal of Personality and Social Psychology; citation_title=The illusion of transparency: Biased assessments of others’ ability to read one’s emotional states; citation_author=T Gilovich, K Savitsky, VH Medvec; citation_volume=75; citation_publication_date=1998; citation_pages=332-346; citation_doi=10.1037/0022-3514.75.2.332; citation_id=CR4 Granhag, P. A., & Hartwig, M. A new theoretical perspective on deception detection: On the psychology of instrumental mind reading. Psychology, Crime & Law, in press. citation_journal_title=Expert Evidence. The International Journal of Behavioural Sciences in Legal Contexts; citation_title=Repeated interrogations: Stretching the deception detection paradigm; citation_author=PA Granhag, LA Strömwall; citation_volume=7; citation_publication_date=1999; citation_pages=163-174; citation_id=CR6 citation_title=“Let’s go over this again…”: Effects of repeated interrogations on deception detection performance; citation_inbook_title=Forensic psychology and law: Traditional questions and new ideas; citation_publication_date=2000; citation_pages=191-196; citation_id=CR7; citation_author=PA Granhag; citation_author=LA Strömwall; citation_publisher=Institute of Forensic Research Publishers citation_title=Deception detection: Examining the consistency heuristic; citation_inbook_title=New trends in criminal investigation and evidence, volume 2; citation_publication_date=2001; citation_pages=309-321; citation_id=CR8; citation_author=PA Granhag; citation_author=LA Strömwall; citation_publisher=Intresentia citation_journal_title=The Journal of Psychology; citation_title=Deception detection: Interrogators’ and observers’ decoding of consecutive statements; citation_author=PA Granhag, LA Strömwall; citation_volume=135; citation_publication_date=2001; citation_pages=603-620; citation_id=CR9 citation_journal_title=Forensic Update; citation_title=The SUE technique: The way to interview to detect deception; citation_author=PA Granhag, LA Strömwall, M Hartwig; citation_volume=January; citation_publication_date=2007; citation_pages=25-29; citation_id=CR10 citation_journal_title=Journal of Applied Social Psychology; citation_title=Partners in crime: How liars in collusion betray themselves; citation_author=PA Granhag, LA Strömwall, AC Jonsson; citation_volume=33; citation_publication_date=2003; citation_pages=848-868; citation_doi=10.1111/j.1559-1816.2003.tb01928.x; citation_id=CR11 citation_journal_title=Law and Human Behavior; citation_title=Strategic use of evidence during police interrogations: When training to detect deception works; citation_author=M Hartwig, PA Granhag, L Strömwall, O Kronkvist; citation_volume=30; citation_publication_date=2006; citation_pages=603-619; citation_doi=10.1007/s10979-006-9053-9; citation_id=CR12 citation_journal_title=Law and Human Behavior; citation_title=Detecting deception via strategic closure of evidence; citation_author=M Hartwig, PA Granhag, L Strömwall, A Vrij; citation_volume=29; citation_publication_date=2005; citation_pages=469-484; citation_doi=10.1007/s10979-005-5521-x; citation_id=CR13 citation_journal_title=American Psychologist; citation_title=On the psychology of confessions: Does innocence put innocents at risk?; citation_author=SM Kassin; citation_volume=60; citation_publication_date=2005; citation_pages=215-228; citation_doi=10.1037/0003-066X.60.3.215; citation_id=CR14 citation_journal_title=Psychological Science in the Public Interest; citation_title=The psychology of confessions: A review of the literature and issues; citation_author=SM Kassin, GH Gudjonsson; citation_volume=5; citation_publication_date=2004; citation_pages=33-67; citation_doi=10.1111/j.1529-1006.2004.00016.x; citation_id=CR15 citation_journal_title=Law and Human Behavior; citation_title=Why people waive their Miranda rights: The power of innocence; citation_author=SM Kassin, RJ Norwick; citation_volume=28; citation_publication_date=2004; citation_pages=211-221; citation_doi=10.1023/B:LAHU.0000022323.74584.f5; citation_id=CR16 Leins, S., & Fisher, R. P. (2008, March). Effect of interview modality on report consistency: A novel approach to detection deception. Paper presented at the American Psychology – Law Society, Jacksonville, FL. Mann, S., Vrij, A., Fisher, R., & Robinson, M. (2008, published online). See no lies, hear no lies: Differences in discrimination accuracy and response bias when watching or listening to police suspect interviews. Applied Cognitive Psychology. citation_journal_title=Psychology, Crime, & Law; citation_title=The detection of deception with the reality monitoring approach: A review of the empirical evidence; citation_author=J Masip, S Sporer, E Garrido, C Herrero; citation_volume=11; citation_publication_date=2005; citation_pages=99-122; citation_doi=10.1080/10683160410001726356; citation_id=CR19 citation_title=Metacognition: Knowing about knowing; citation_publication_date=1994; citation_id=CR20; citation_author=J Metcalfe; citation_author=AP Shimamura; citation_publisher=The MIT Press citation_title=Investigative interviewing: Psychology and practice; citation_publication_date=1999; citation_id=CR21; citation_author=R Milne; citation_author=R Bull; citation_publisher=Wiley citation_journal_title=Psychological Bulletin; citation_title=Hypermnesia and reminiscence in recall: A historical and empirical review; citation_author=DG Payne; citation_volume=10; citation_publication_date=1987; citation_pages=5-27; citation_doi=10.1037/0033-2909.101.1.5; citation_id=CR22 citation_title=Investigative interviewing; citation_inbook_title=Psychology and law: An empirical perspective; citation_publication_date=2005; citation_pages=11-42; citation_id=CR23; citation_author=MB Powell; citation_author=RP Fisher; citation_author=R Wright; citation_publisher=The Guilford Press citation_title=Reality monitoring and detection of deception; citation_inbook_title=Deception detection in forensic contexts; citation_publication_date=2004; citation_pages=64-102; citation_id=CR24; citation_author=SL Sporer; citation_publisher=Cambridge University Press citation_journal_title=Psychiatry, Psychology, & Law; citation_title=Children’s repeated lies and truths: Effects on adults’ judgments and reality monitoring scores; citation_author=LA Strömwall, P Granhag; citation_volume=12; citation_publication_date=2005; citation_pages=345-356; citation_doi=10.1375/pplt.12.2.345; citation_id=CR25 citation_title=Practitioners’ beliefs about deception; citation_inbook_title=Deception detection in forensic contexts; citation_publication_date=2004; citation_pages=229-250; citation_id=CR27; citation_author=LA Strömwall; citation_author=PA Granhag; citation_author=M Hartwig; citation_publisher=Cambridge University Press citation_journal_title=Psychology, Crime, & Law; citation_title=Deception among pairs: ‘Let’s say we had lunch together and hope they will swallow it’; citation_author=LA Strömwall, PA Granhag, AC Jonsson; citation_volume=9; citation_publication_date=2003; citation_pages=109-124; citation_doi=10.1080/1068316031000116238; citation_id=CR28 citation_journal_title=Legal and Criminological Psychology; citation_title=Invited article: Why professionals fail to catch liars and how they can improve; citation_author=A Vrij; citation_volume=9; citation_publication_date=2004; citation_pages=159-181; citation_doi=10.1348/1355325041719356; citation_id=CR29 citation_journal_title=Psychology, Public Policy, and Law; citation_title=Criteria-based content analysis: A qualitative review of the first 37 studies; citation_author=A Vrij; citation_volume=11; citation_publication_date=2005; citation_pages=3-41; citation_doi=10.1037/1076-8971.11.1.3; citation_id=CR30 citation_title=Detecting lies and deceit: Pitfalls and opportunities; citation_publication_date=2008; citation_id=CR31; citation_author=A Vrij; citation_publisher=Wiley Vrij, A. (in press). Nonverbal dominance versus verbal accuracy in lie detection: A plea to change police practice. Criminal Justice and Behavior. citation_journal_title=Trends in Cognitive Sciences; citation_title=Detecting deception by manipulating cognitive load; citation_author=A Vrij, R Fisher, S Mann, S Leal; citation_volume=10; citation_publication_date=2006; citation_pages=141-142; citation_doi=10.1016/j.tics.2006.02.003; citation_id=CR33 citation_title=Interviewing to detect deception; citation_inbook_title=Offenders’ memories of violent crimes; citation_publication_date=2007; citation_pages=279-304; citation_id=CR34; citation_author=A Vrij; citation_author=PA Granhag; citation_publisher=Wiley citation_journal_title=Personality and Individual Differences; citation_title=Information-gathering vs accusatory interview style: Individual differences in respondents’ experiences; citation_author=A Vrij, S Mann, R Fisher; citation_volume=41; citation_publication_date=2006; citation_pages=589-599; citation_doi=10.1016/j.paid.2006.02.014; citation_id=CR35 Vrij, A., Mann, S., Fisher, R., Leal, S., Milne, B., & Bull, R. (2007a, published online). Increasing cognitive load to facilitate lie detection: The benefit of recalling an event in reverse order. Law and Human Behavior. citation_journal_title=Law and Human Behavior; citation_title=Cues to deception and ability to detect lies as a function of police interview styles; citation_author=A Vrij, S Mann, S Kristen, RP Fisher; citation_volume=31; citation_publication_date=2007; citation_pages=499-518; citation_doi=10.1007/s10979-006-9066-4; citation_id=CR37 Vrij, A., Mann, S., Leal, S., & Fisher, R. (2007). “Look into my eyes”: Can an instruction to maintain eye contact facilitate lie detection? Manuscript submitted for publication. citation_title=Interviewing children in sexual abuse cases; citation_inbook_title=Understanding and improving chidren’s testimony: Clinical, developmental and legal implications; citation_publication_date=1993; citation_id=CR39; citation_author=JC Yuille; citation_author=R Hunter; citation_author=R Joffe; citation_author=J Zaparniuk; citation_publisher=Guilford Press citation_title=Metacognition: Cognitive and social dimensions; citation_publication_date=1998; citation_id=CR40; citation_author=VY Yzerbyt; citation_author=G Lories; citation_author=B Dardenne; citation_publisher=Sage Publications