1Department of Cardiac Surgery, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
2Cardiothoracic Surgery, ProMedica Toledo Hospital, Toledo, Ohio
3Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan Hospitals, Ann Arbor, Michigan
4Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
5Cardiac Surgery Department, BICHAT Hôpital, Paris, France
6Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Aurora St Luke’s Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
7Department of Biostatistics, Medtronic, Mounds View, Minnesota
8Cardiothoracic Surgery, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
9University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center and Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio