Other techniques for obstetric pain management: Caudal, paracervical, and pudendal blocks
Tài liệu tham khảo
Brownridge, 1998, Neural blockade for obstetrics and gynecologic surgery, 557
Jagerhorn, 1975, Paracervical block in obstetrics. An improved injection method: A clinical and radiological study, Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 54, 9, 10.3109/00016347509158661
Bloom, 1972, Effects of paracervical blocks on the fetus during labor: A prospective study with the use of direct fetal monitoring, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 114, 218, 10.1016/0002-9378(72)90062-2
Tafeen, 1968, Combined continuous paracervical and continuous pudendal nerve block anesthesia in labor, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 100, 55, 10.1016/S0002-9378(15)33637-1
Dickerson, 1989, Pharmacologic control of pain during labour, 939
Shnider, 1970, Paracervical block anesthesia in obstetrics, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 107, 619, 10.1016/S0002-9378(16)33950-3
Teramo, 1967, Studies of the effects of anesthetics on foetus. I. The effect of paracervical block with mepivicaine upon fetal acid-base values, Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 46, 1, 10.3109/00016346709158539
Nieminen, 1997, Effective obstetric paracervical block with reduced dose of bupivacaine. A prospective randomised double-blind study comparing 25 mg (0.25%) and 12.5 mg (0.125%) bupivacaine, Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 76, 50, 10.3109/00016349709047784
Ranta, 1995, Paracervical block—A viable alternative for labor pain relief?, Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 74, 122, 10.3109/00016349509008919
Carlsson, 1987, Fetal heart rate pattern before and after paracervical anesthesia. A prospective study, Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 66, 391, 10.3109/00016348709022040
Abouleish, 1977, Paracervical block, 342
Cibils, 1976, Response of human uterine arteries to local anesthetics, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 126, 202, 10.1016/0002-9378(76)90276-3
Rasanen, 1994, Does a paracervical block with bupivicaine change vascular resistance in uterine and umbilical arteries?, J Perinat Med, 22, 301, 10.1515/jpme.1994.22.4.301
Asling, 1970, Paracervical block anesthesia in obstetrics: II. Etiology of fetal bradycardia following paracervical block anesthesia, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 107, 626, 10.1016/S0002-9378(16)33951-5
Baxi, 1979, Human fetal oxygenation following paracervical block, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 135, 1109, 10.1016/0002-9378(79)90744-0
Freeman, 1972, Fetal cardiac response to paracervical block anesthesia, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 113, 583, 10.1016/0002-9378(72)90625-4
Rosefsky, 1968, Perinatal deaths associated with mepivicaine paracervical block anesthesia in labor, N Engl J Med, 278, 530, 10.1056/NEJM196803072781003
Kobak, 1956, Transvaginal pudendal block, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 71, 981, 10.1016/0002-9378(56)90722-0
Ecker, 1996, Pudendal block, 379
Scudamore, 1966, Pudendal block—A misnomer?, Lancet, 1, 23, 10.1016/S0140-6736(66)90008-0
King, 1981, Paracervical and pudendal block, Clin Obstet Gynecol, 24, 587, 10.1097/00003081-198106000-00021
McCulloch, 1993, McDonald cerclage under the pudendal nerve block, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 168, 499, 10.1016/0002-9378(93)90481-W
Hutchins, 1980, Spinal analgesia for instrumental delivery: A comparison with pudendal nerve block, Anaesthesia, 35, 376, 10.1111/j.1365-2044.1980.tb05122.x
Brown, 1999, Spinal epidural, and caudal anesthesia: Anatomy, physiology and technique, 187
Paull, 1990, The place of caudal anaesthesia in obstetrics, Anaesth Intensive Care, 18, 313, 10.1177/0310057X9001800306
Sinclair, 1965, Intoxication of the fetus by a local anesthetic: A newly recognized complication of maternal caudal anesthesia, N Engl J Med, 273, 1173, 10.1056/NEJM196511252732201
Abouliesh, 1980, Bacteriologic comparison between epidural and caudal techniques, Anesthesiology, 53, 511, 10.1097/00000542-198012000-00015