Organophosphate poisoning

Aldridge, 1984, Toxicology of trialkylphosphorothioates with particular reference to lung toxicity, Fund. Appl. Toxic., 4, S215, 10.1016/0272-0590(84)90155-6

Anderson, 1985, Electrophysiologic changes in peripheral nerves following repeated exposure to organophosphorus agents, Arch. Toxic., 58, 97, 10.1007/BF00348316

Ariens, 1969, Reversible necrosis at the end plate region in striated muscles of the rat poisoned with cholinesterase inhibitors, Experientia, 1, 57, 10.1007/BF01903894

Ayerst Laboratories, 1973

Baron, 1964, Neurological disruption produced in hens by two organophosphate esters, Br. J. Pharmac., 23, 295

Barrett, 1985, A review of organophosphorus delayed neurotoxicity, Vet. Human Toxic., 27, 22

Bismuth, 1987

Bismuth, 1992, Efficacy, toxicity and clinical use of oximes in anticholinesterase poisoning, 555

BMA, 1992

Boelcke, 1970, Der Einfluβ der Vergiftung durch Alkylphosphat und der specifischen Antidot Therapie auf der Leberfunktion von Ratten und Kaninchen, Arzneimittelforsch, 20, 770

Bright, 1991, A histochemical study of changes observed in mouse diaphragm after organophosphate poisoning, Human exp. Toxic., 10, 9, 10.1177/096032719101000102

Burchfiel, 1976, Persistent effects of sarin and dieldrin upon the primate electroencephalogram, Toxic. appl. Pharmac., 35, 365, 10.1016/0041-008X(76)90296-9

Burgen, 1951, The inhibition of cholinesterases by alkylphosphates and alkylphenophosphates, Br. J. Pharmac. Chemother., 6, 593, 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1951.tb00670.x

Carrington da Costa, 1988, Intoxiçoes agudas por compostos organofosforados, Acta Med. Portuguesa, 46, 291

Chang, 1990, Neurophysiological concomitants of soman-induced respiratory depression in awake, behaving guinea pigs, Toxic. appl. Pharmac., 102, 233, 10.1016/0041-008X(90)90023-N

de Rueck, 1975, Acute parathion poisoing: myopathic changes in the diaphragm, J. Neurol., 208, 309, 10.1007/BF00312805

Dettbarn, 1984, Pesticide-induced muscle necrosis: mechanisms and prevention, Fund. appl. Toxic., 4, S18, 10.1016/0272-0590(84)90134-9

de Vos, 1984, Pesticides and other chemical residues in Dutch total diet samples (June 1976–July 1978M), Food Chem. Toxic., 22, 11, 10.1016/0278-6915(84)90046-2

Dille, 1964, Central nervous system effects of chronic exposure to organophosphate insecticides, Aerosp. Med., 35, 475

D'Mello, 1993, Behavioural toxicity of anticholinesterases in humans and animals—a review, Human exp. Toxic., 12, 3, 10.1177/096032719301200101

Duffy, 1979, Long-term effects of an organophosphate upon the human electroencephalogram, Toxic. appl. Pharmac., 47, 161, 10.1016/0041-008X(79)90083-8

Dunnick, 1988, Development of kidney tumors in the male F344/N rat after treatment with dimethyl methylphosphonate, Fund. appl. Toxic., 11, 91, 10.1016/0272-0590(88)90273-4

Durham, 1965, Organophosphorus insecticides and mental alertness, Arch. Environ. Health, 10, 55, 10.1080/00039896.1965.10663953

ECETOC, 1992

ECETOC, 1992

el-Sabae, 1981, Biochemical interaction of six OP delayed neurotoxicants with several neurotargets, J. Environ. Sci. Health, 16, 465, 10.1080/03601238109372272

Fletcher, 1988, Effect of acute soman on selected endocrine parameters and blood glucose in rats, Fund. appl. Toxic., 11, 580, 10.1016/0272-0590(88)90122-4

Fletcher, 1989, Effect of the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, soman, on plasma levels of endorphin and adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), Biochem. Pharmac., 38, 2045, 10.1016/0006-2952(89)90506-6

Fosbraey, 1990, Neurotransmitter changes in guinea-pig brain regions following soman intoxication, J. Neurochem., 54, 72, 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1990.tb13284.x

Gant, 1987, Action of organophosphates on GABAa receptor and voltage-dependent chloride channels, Fund. appl. Toxic., 9, 698, 10.1016/0272-0590(87)90176-X

Garrett, 1992, Genotoxic and carcinogenic potential of anticholinesterases, 223

Gartrell, 1985, Pesticides, selected elements and other chemicals in adult total diet samples, October 1979–September 1980, J. Ass. Anal. Chem., 68, 1184

Gershon, 1961, Psychiatric sequelae of chronic exposure to organophosphorus insecticides, Lancet, i, 1371, 10.1016/S0140-6736(61)92004-9

Goldstein, 1988, Acute tricresylphosphate intoxication in childhood, Human Toxic., 7, 179, 10.1177/096032718800700213

Gordon, 1983, The delayed neuropathic effects of nerve agents and some other organophosphorus compounds, Arch. Toxic., 52, 71, 10.1007/BF00354767

Grant, 1986

Gray, 1984, Design and structure-activity relationships of antidotes to organophosphorus anticholinesterase agents, Drug Metab. Rev., 15, 557, 10.3109/03602538409029973

Gupta, 1987, Acute tabun toxicity; biochemical and histochemical consequences in brain and skeletal muscles of rats, Toxicology, 46, 329, 10.1016/0300-483X(87)90213-7

Gupta, 1987, Biochemical and histochemical alterations following acute soman intoxication in the rat, Toxic. Appl. Pharmac., 87, 393, 10.1016/0041-008X(87)90244-4

Hall, 1992, Incidence, presentation and therapeutic attitudes to anticholinesterase poisoning in the U.S.A., 471

Healy, 1991, Subchronic and reproduction studies with dibutyl phenyl phosphate in Sprague-Dawley rats, Fund. appl. Toxic., 16, 117, 10.1016/0272-0590(91)90141-P

Henderson, 1992, Neurotoxicity of acute and repeated treatments of tabun, paraoxon, diisopropyl fluorophosphate and isofenphos to the hen, Toxicology, 72, 117, 10.1016/0300-483X(92)90106-O

Hettiarachchi, 1989, Self-poisoning in Sri Lanka: factors affecting choice of the poisoning agents, Human Toxic., 8, 507, 10.1177/096032718900800613

Hirshberg, 1984, Clinical problems in organophosphate poisoning: the use of a compyterized information system, Fund. appl. Toxic., 4, S209, 10.1016/0272-0590(84)90154-4

Holmes, 1956, Observations on acute and multiple exposure to anticholinesterase agents, Trans. Am. Clin. Chem. Ass., 68, 86

Hughes, 1991, Effects of experimental sarin intoxication on the morphology of the mouse diaphragm: a light and electron microscopical study, Int. J. exp. Path., 72, 195

IARC, 1991

Inns, 1992, Prophylaxis against anticholinesterase poisoning, 33

Inns, 1990, Histochemical demonstration of calcium accumulation in muscle fibres after experimental organophosphate poisoning, Human exp. Toxic., 9, 245, 10.1177/096032719000900407

Institóris, 1992, Immunotoxic effects of MPT-IP containing 60% methylparathion in mice, Human exp. Toxic., 11, 11, 10.1177/096032719201100102

Jimmerson, 1989, The effect of 2-(O-cresyl)-4H-1:3:2-benzodioxaphosphorin-2oxide on tissue cholinesterase and carboxylesterase activities of the rat, Fund. appl. Toxic., 13, 568, 10.1016/0272-0590(89)90294-7

Johnson, 1975, Organophosphorus esters causing delayed neurotoxic effect, Arch. Toxic., 34, 259, 10.1007/BF00353848

Johnson, 1992, Clinical management of acute organophosphate intoxication, 528

Johnson, 1985, Can soman cause delayed neuropathy?, Fund. appl. Toxic., 5, S180, 10.1016/0272-0590(85)90128-9

Karademir, 1990, Two cases of organophosphate poisoning with development of intermediate syndrome, Human exp. Toxic., 9, 187, 10.1177/096032719000900312

Karr, 1979, Analysis of diazinon for impurities and degradation materials, Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxic., 23, 164

Kelly, 1990, The effects of anticholinesterases on the latencies of action potentials in mouse skeletal muscles, Br. J. Pharmac., 99, 721, 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1990.tb12996.x

Koelle, 1992, Pharmacology and toxicology of organophosphates, 33

Korsak, 1977, Effects of chronic organophosphate pesticide exposure on the centrla nervous system, Clin. Toxic., 11, 83, 10.3109/15563657708989822

Kottegoda, 1985, Safety in use and medical treatment, Chem. Industry, 623

Kusič, 1991, HI-6 in man: efficacy of the oxime in poisoning by organophosphate insecticides, Human exp. Toxic., 10, 113, 10.1177/096032719101000204

Lainee, 1991, Mechanisms of pulmonary edema induced by an organophosphorus compound in anesthetized dogs, Fund. appl. Toxic., 17, 177, 10.1016/0272-0590(91)90249-4

Lau, 1988, Binding of some organophosphorus compounds at adenosine receptors in guinea pig brain membranes, Neurosci. Lett., 94, 124, 10.1016/0304-3940(88)90282-0

Leonard, 1979, Agonist induced myopathy at the neuromuscular junction is mediated by calcium, J. Cell Biol., 82, 811, 10.1083/jcb.82.3.811

Levin, 1976, Behavioral effects of organophosphate pesticides in man, Clin. Toxic., 9, 391, 10.3109/15563657608988138

Levin, 1976, Anxiety associated with exposure to organophosphate compounds, Arch. gen. Psychol., 33, 225, 10.1001/archpsyc.1976.01770020061010

Ligtenstein, 1984, On the synergism of the cholinesterase reactivating bispyridinium-aldoxime HI-6 and atropine in the treatment of organophosphate intoxications in the rat

Lotti, 1992, The pathogenesis of organophosphate polyneuropathy, Crit. Rev. Toxic., 21, 465, 10.3109/10408449209089884

Lotti, 1986, Inhibition of lymphocytic neuropathy target esterase predicts the development of organophosphate-induced delayed polyneuropathy, Arch. Toxic., 59, 176, 10.1007/BF00316329

Ludomirsky, 1982, QT prolongation and polymorphous “torsade des pointes” ventricular arrhythmias associated with organophosphorus insecticide poisoning, Am. J. Cardiol., 49, 1654, 10.1016/0002-9149(82)90242-9

Maizlish, 1987, A behavioral evaluation of pest control workers with short-term low-level exposure to the organophosphate diazinon, Am. J. Ind. Med., 12, 153, 10.1002/ajim.4700120205

Margot, 1957, Diazinon, seine Zersetzungsproducte und ihre Eigenschaften, Helv. Chim. Acta, 40, 1562, 10.1002/hlca.19570400603

Marrs, 1991, Toxicology of oximes used in the treatment of organophosphate poisoning, Adverse Drug React. Acute Pois. Rev., 10, 61

Marrs, 1990, Histochemically-demonstrated calcium-influx into mouse diaphragms induced by sarin, Toxicologist, 10, 132

Mason, 1992, In vitro studies on humna cholinesterase (Che) and biological effect monitoring of organophosphorus pesticide exposure, Human exp. Toxic., 11, 557

Maynard, 1992, Organophosphorus compounds as chemical warfare agents, 373

Maynard, 1991, Letter, organophosphosphorus poisoning, Br. Med. J., 302, 963, 10.1136/bmj.302.6782.963

Meier, 1979, Sulfotepp, a toxic imurity in formulations of diazinon, Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxic., 23, 158, 10.1007/BF01769935

Menkes, 1991, Intentional self-poisoning with glyphosate-containing herbicides, Human exp. Toxic., 10, 103, 10.1177/096032719101000202

Metcalfe, 1969, EEG, psychological and neurological alterations in humans with organophosphorus exposure, Ann. NY Acad. Sci., 160, 357, 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1969.tb15857.x

Ministry of Defence, 1972

Misulis, 1987, Differences in central and peripheral neural actions between soman and diisopropyl fluorophosphate, organophosphorus inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase, Toxic. appl. Pharmac., 89, 391, 10.1016/0041-008X(87)90158-X

Mobley, 1990, The cholinesterase inhibitor soman increases inositol triphosphate in rat brain, Neuropharmacology, 29, 189, 10.1016/0028-3908(90)90060-5

Naseem, 1990, Effect of organophosphates on dopamine and muscarinic receptor binding in rat brain, Biochem. Int., 20, 799

National Research Council, 1992

Pala, 1991, In vitro effects of organophosphorus compounds on calmodulin activity, J. appl. Toxic., 11, 391, 10.1002/jat.2550110603

Peedicayil, 1991, The effect of organophosphorus compounds on serum pseudocholinesterase levels in a group of industrial workers, Human exp. Toxic., 10, 275, 10.1177/096032719101000406

Pesticide Manual, 1987

Pike, 1992, Physical protection against anticholinesterases, 33

Pimental, 1992, Effects of organophosphates on the heart, 145

Preusser, 1967, Die Ultrastruktur der motorischen Endplatte im Zwerchfell der Ratte und Veränderungen nach Inhibierung der Acetylcholinesterase, Zellforsch., 80, 436, 10.1007/BF00339332

Purser, 1992, Combustion toxicity of anticholinesterases, 386

Reddy, 1991, Effectiveness of oximes 2-PAM nad HI-6 in recovery of muscle function depressed by organophosphate agents in the rat hemidiaphragm: an in vitro study, Fund. appl. Toxic., 17, 746, 10.1016/0272-0590(91)90182-4

Rodnitzky, 1975, Occupational exposure to organophosphate pesticides, Arch. Environ. Health, 30, 98, 10.1080/00039896.1975.10666651

Rosenstock, 1991, Chronic central nervous system effects of acute organophosphate pesticide poisoning, Lancet, 338, 223, 10.1016/0140-6736(91)90356-T

Savage, 1988, Chronic neurological sequelae of acute organophosphate pesticide poisoning, Arch. Environ. Health, 43, 38, 10.1080/00039896.1988.9934372

Schwab, 1986, Lymphocyte and brain neurotoxic esterase: dose and time dependence of inhibition in the hen examined with three organophosphate esters, Toxic. appl. Pharmac., 83, 1, 10.1016/0041-008X(86)90317-0

Senanayake, 1987, Neurotoxic effect of organophosphorus insecticides: an intermediate syndrome, New Engl. J. Med., 316, 761, 10.1056/NEJM198703263161301

Shih, 1991, A comparison of cholinergic effects of HI-6 and pralidoxime-2-chloride (2-PAM) in soman poisoning, Toxic. Lett., 55, 131, 10.1016/0378-4274(91)90128-S

Silveira, 1990, Putative M2 muscarinic recptors of rat heart have high affinity for organophosphorus anticholinesterases, Toxic. appl. Pharmac., 103, 474, 10.1016/0041-008X(90)90320-T

Singer, 1987, Cardiomyopathy in soman and sarin intoxicated rats, Toxic. Lett., 36, 243, 10.1016/0378-4274(87)90192-5

Škrinjarić-Špoljar, 1973, Spontaneous reactivation and aging of dimethylphosphorylated acetylcholinesterase and cholinesterase, Biochim. biophys. Acta, 315, 363, 10.1016/0005-2744(73)90265-9

Smallbridge, 1991, Diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP) reduces serum prolactin, thyrotropin, luteinizing hormone, and growth hormone and increases adrenocorticotropin and corticosterone in rats: involvement of dopaminergic and somatostatinergic as well as cholinergic pathways, Toxic. appl. Pharmac., 108, 284, 10.1016/0041-008X(91)90118-X

Solana, 1990, Evaluation of the efficacy of two carbamates, physostigmine and pyridostigmine, when used in conjuction for protection against organophosphate poisoning, Fund. appl. Toxic., 15, 814, 10.1016/0272-0590(90)90197-R

Tabershaw, 1966, Sequelae of acute organic phosphate poisoning, J. Occ. Med., 8, 5

Talbot, 1991, Acute poisoning with a glyphosate-surfactant herbicide (“Roundup”): a review of 93 cases, Human exp. Toxic., 10, 1, 10.1177/096032719101000101

Tanaka, 1992, Neuropathological effects of triphenyl phosphite in the nervous system of the hen (Gallus domesticus), Fund. appl. Toxic., 18, 72, 10.1016/0272-0590(92)90197-P

Tuller, 1988, Neuromuscular effects of chronic exposure to fenthion in dogs and predictive value of electromyography, Fund. appl. Toxic., 11, 155, 10.1016/0272-0590(88)90279-5

Tyl, 1992, Development and reproductive toxicity of anticholinesterases, 241

Veronesi, 1990, The neurotoxicity of subchronic acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition in rat hippocampus, Toxic. appl. Pharmac., 104, 440, 10.1016/0041-008X(90)90166-R

von Bisa, 1964, Die Antidotwirkung von bis-(4-hydroxyiminomethyl-pyridinium methyl)-äther-dichlorid bei mit Alkylphosphat vergifteten Ratten, Arzneimittelforsch., 14, 85

Wecker, 1976, Paraoxon-induced myopathy: muscle specificity and acetylcholine involvement, Exp. Neurol., 51, 281, 10.1016/0014-4886(76)90253-3

Wecker, 1978, Relationship between acetylcholinesterase inhibition and the development of a myopathy, J. Pharmac. exp. Ther., 206, 393

Wedin, 1992, Nephrotoxicity of anticholinesterases, 195

Weir, 1992, Organophosphate poisoning: the UK National Poisons Unit experience during 1984–1987, 463

WHO, 1986

WHO/FAO, 1992

Wirth, 1968, Schadigungsmöglichkeiten durch Antidot, Arch. Toxic., 24, 71, 10.1007/BF00577530

Wolthuis, 1984, Behavioral changes in the rat after low doses of cholinesterase inhibitors, Fund. appl. Toxic., 4, S195, 10.1016/0272-0590(84)90153-2

Woodward, 1992, Residues of anticholinesterases in foodstuffs, 364

Xue, 1992, Acute anticholinesterases poisoning in China, 502