Organized structures in developing turbulent flow within and above a plant canopy, using a Large Eddy Simulation
Tóm tắt
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
Amiro, B. D. and Davis, P. A.: 1988, ?Statistics of Atmospheric Turbulence within a Natural Black Spruce Forest Canopy?,Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 44, 267?283.
Baldocchi, D. D. and Meyers, T. P.: 1988, ?Turbulence Structure in a Deciduous Forest?,Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 43, 345?364.
Bergstrom, H. and Högstrom, U.: 1989, ?Turbulent Exchange above a Pine Forest; II Organized Structures?,Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 49, 231?263.
Bernal, L. P. and Roshko, A.: 1986, ?Streamwise Vortex Structures in Plane Mixing Layers?,J. Fluid Mech. 170, 499?525.
Brown, G. L. and Roshko, A.: 1974, ?On Density Effects and Large Structures in Turbulent Mixing Layers?,J. Fluid Mech. 64, 775?816.
Deardorff, J. W.: 1970, ?A Numerical Study of Three-Dimensional Turbulent Channel Flow at Large Reynolds Numbers?,J. Fluid. Mech. 14, 453?480.
Finnigan, J. J.: 1979, ?Turbulence in Waving Wheat. II. Structure of Momentum Transfer?,Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 16, 213?236.
Gao, W., Shaw, R. H., and Paw, U. K. T.: 1989, ?Observation of Organized Structure in Turbulent Flow Within and Above a Forest Canopy?,Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 47, 349?377.
Harlow, F. H. and Welch, J. E.: 1965, ?Numerical Calculation of Time-Dependent Viscous Incompressible Flow of Fluid with Free Surface?,Phys. Fluids 8, 2182?2189.
Hino, M., Kanda, M., and Inagaki, S.: 1992, ?Numerical Experiment on the Momentum Transfer at the Air-Plant Interface?,Proc. of Hydraulic Eng., JSCE 26, 689?692. (in Japanese).
Ikeda, S. and Ota, K., and Hasegawa, H.: 1992, ?Periodic Vortices at the Boundary of Vegetated Area Along River Bank,Proc. of Japan Soc. of Civil. Eng. 443, 47?54 (in Japanese).
Ikeda, S. and Ota, K.: 1992 ?Generation of Honami over Flexible Vegetation?,Proc. Symp. of Turbulent Flow, Japan 24, 245?252 (in Japanese).
Inoue, E.: 1955, ?Studies of the Phenomena of Waving Plants (Honami) Caused by Wind. Part 1. Mechanism and Characteristics of Waving Plants Phenomena?,J. Agric. Meteorol. (Japan) 11, 18?22.
Inoue, K.: 1981, ?A Model Study of Microstructure of Wind and Turbulence of Plant Canopy Flow?,Bull. Natl. Inst. Agric. Sci. A27, 69?89.
Kawamura, T. and Kuwahara, K.: 1984, ?Computation of High Reynolds Number Flow Around a Circular Cylinder with Surface Roughness?, AIAA paper, 84?340.
Kanda, M., Hino, M., and Inagaki, S.: 1992a, ?Application of LES Model to the Turbulent Flow Within and Above Plant Canopy?,Proc. Symp. of Numerical Simulation of Turbulence, Japan 7, 21?26 (in Japanese).
Kanda, M., Hino, M., and Inagaki, S.: 1992b ?Large Eddy Simulation on Organized Structure Within and Above Plant Canopy?,Proc. Symp. of Turbulent Flow, Japan 24, 240?244 (in Japanese).
Kondo, J and Akashi, A.: 1976, ?Numerical Study on the Two Dimensional Flow in Horizontally Homogeneous Canopy Layers?,Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 10, 255?272.
Maitani, T. and Seo, T.: 1984, ?Wave-Like Wind Fluctuations Observed in the Stable Surface Layer over a Plant Canopy?,Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 29, 273?283.
Maitani, T. and Shaw, R. H.: 1990, ?Joint Probability Analysis of Momentum and Heat Fluxes at a Deciduous Forest?,Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 52, 283?300.
Raupach, M. R., Finnigan, J. J., and Brunet, Y.: 1989, ?Coherent Eddies in Vegetation Canopies?,Proc. Fourth Australasian Conf. on Heat and Mass Transfer. Christchurch, New Zealand, 9?12 May, 75?90.
Raupach, M. R., Antonia, R. A., and Rajagopalan, S.: 1991, ?Rough-Wall Turbulent Boundary Layers?,Appl. Mech. Reviews 44, 1?25.
Schumann, U.: 1975, ?Subgrid Scale Model for Finite Difference Simulations of Turbulent Flows in Plane Channels and Annuli?,J. Comp. Phys. 18, 376?404.
Shaw, R. H. and Seginer, I.: 1987, ?Calculation of Velocity Skewness in Real and Artificial Plant Canopies?,Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 39, 315?332.
Shaw, R. H. and Schumann, U.: 1992, ?Large-Eddy Simulation of Turbulent Flow Above and Within a Forest?,Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 61, 47?64.
Shaw, R. H., Tavangar, J., and Ward, D. P.: 1983, ?Structure of the Reynolds Stress in a Canopy Layer?,J. Clim. Appl. Meteorol. 39, 315?332.
Smagorinsky, J. S.: 1963, ?General Circulation Experiments with the Primitive Equations?,Mon. Weath. Rev. 91, 99.
Wilson, N. R and Shaw, R. H.: 1977, ?A High Order Closure Model for Canopy Flow?,J. Appl. Meteorol. 1197?1205.
Yamada, T.: 1982, ?A Numerical Model Study of Turbulent Airflow In and Above a Forest Canopy?,J. Meteorol. Soc., Japan 60, 439?454.