Tội phạm có tổ chức như một mối liên kết giữa bất bình đẳng và tham nhũng

Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 55 - Trang 469-509 - 2023
Soeren C. Schwuchow1
1Economics Department, Brandenburg University of Technology, Cottbus, Germany

Tóm tắt

Chúng tôi nghiên cứu một mô hình thiết lập một nền tảng lý thuyết mới cho mối quan hệ đã được chứng minh thực nghiệm giữa bất bình đẳng và tham nhũng. Theo mô hình của chúng tôi, bất bình đẳng có thể nuôi dưỡng tham nhũng bằng cách tăng cường quyền lực cho tội phạm có tổ chức, vì sự thông đồng giữa các lực lượng cảnh sát địa phương và các tổ chức tội phạm có khả năng xảy ra cao hơn ở những xã hội có bất bình đẳng cao hoặc lực lượng an ninh yếu kém. Cơ quan thực thi pháp luật và tội phạm có tổ chức có động lực mạnh mẽ để thông đồng do lợi ích hiệu quả từ việc chuyên môn hóa. Tuy nhiên, sự đồng ý của họ sẽ sụp đổ khi các băng đảng không thể cam kết một cách đáng tin cậy trong việc tối đa hóa lợi nhuận chung, và do đó bắt đầu cạnh tranh với cơ quan thực thi pháp luật để giành lấy tài sản của công dân. Các băng nhóm sau đó chiếm lĩnh thị trường tống tiền một cách không bạo lực bằng cách giảm giá so với các lực lượng cảnh sát, tương tự như một chiến lược định giá khai thác. Sự thông đồng tội phạm do đó không khác biệt nhiều so với tương đương doanh nghiệp của nó; do đó, các biện pháp chính sách tương tự nên triển vọng. Thêm vào đó, mô hình của chúng tôi cũng gợi ý rằng hiệu suất cao hơn của tổ chức tội phạm trong việc trích xuất lợi nhuận có tác động lớn hơn khi sức mạnh tương đối giữa cơ quan thực thi pháp luật và tội phạm có tổ chức khá cân bằng. Theo đó, khi xung đột bạo lực trở nên khó đoán hơn, các yếu tố tương đối không bạo lực trở nên quan trọng hơn. Mô hình của chúng tôi cũng cho phép giải thích rằng trong sự thiếu hụt các chuẩn mực xã hội mạnh mẽ chống lại tham nhũng, tội phạm có tổ chức sẽ khó bị thách thức hơn.

Từ khóa

#bất bình đẳng #tham nhũng #tội phạm có tổ chức #thông đồng #cơ quan thực thi pháp luật

Tài liệu tham khảo

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