Ordering and interpretation of urine toxicology specimens in patients treated with opioids

Julie A. Sorensen1, Gilbert J. Fanciullo1
1Department of Anesthesiology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire

Tài liệu tham khảo

Bonica, 1951, The role of the anesthesiologist in the management of intractable pain, Can Med Assoc J, 65, 103 1998, “Definitions related to the use of opioids for the treatment of chronic pain”, J Addict Dis, 17, 129, 10.1300/J069v17n02_10 Savage, 1999, Opioid therapy of chronic pain, Acta Anaesthesiol Scand, 43, 909, 10.1034/j.1399-6576.1999.430908.x 2005, Increase in poisoning deaths caused by non-illicit drugs–Utah, 1991-2003, MMWR, 54, 33 Bendtsen, 1999, What are the qualities of dilemmas experienced when prescribing opioids in general practice?, Pain, 82, 89, 10.1016/S0304-3959(99)00036-6 Fields, 1987, P262 Ready, 1982, Self-reported versus actual use of medications in chronic pain patients, Pain, 12, 285, 10.1016/0304-3959(82)90160-9 Fishbain, 1999, Validity of self-reported drug use in chronic pain patients, Clin J Pain, 15, 184, 10.1097/00002508-199909000-00005 Fishman, 2004, Regulating opioid prescribing through prescription monitoring programs, Pain Med, 5, 309, 10.1111/j.1526-4637.2004.04049.x 2002 Dunbar, 1996, Chronic opioid therapy for non-malignant pain in patients with a history of substance abuse, J Pain Sympt Manage, 11, 163, 10.1016/0885-3924(95)00165-4 Katz, 2003, Behavioral monitoring and urine toxicology testing in patients receiving long-term opioid therapy, Anesth Analg, 97, 1097, 10.1213/01.ANE.0000080159.83342.B5 Galloway, 1999, Detection of drugs of misuse- an addictive challenge, J Clin Path, 52, 713, 10.1136/jcp.52.10.713 Shults, 2002, 175 Braithwaite, 1995, Screening for drugs of abuse. I. Opiates, amphetamines, and cocaine, Ann Clin Biochem, 32, 123, 10.1177/000456329503200203 United States Department of Justice Intelligence Brief. National Drug Threat Assessment (http://www.usdoj.gov/ndic/pubs1/1335/1335t.htm#Overview) Cone, 1987, Passive inhalation of marijuana smoke, J Anal Toxicol, 11, 89, 10.1093/jat/11.3.89 Peat, 1998, Advances in forensic toxicology, Clin Lab Med, 18, 263, 10.1016/S0272-2712(18)30171-9 Braithwaite, 1995, Screening for drugs of abuse. I. Opiates, amphetamines and cocaine, Ann Clin Biochem, 32, 123, 10.1177/000456329503200203 Zezulak, 1993, Simultaneous analysis of codeine, morphine and heroin after B-glucuronidase hydrolysis, J Forens Sci, 38, 1275, 10.1520/JFS13534J Selavka, 1991, Poppy seed ingestion as a contributing factor to opiate-positive urinalysis results, J Forens Sci, 36, 685, 10.1520/JFS13077J Butler, 2004, Validation of a screener and opioid assessment measure for patients with chronic pain, Pain, 112, 65, 10.1016/j.pain.2004.07.026