Optimizing the experimental design of soil columns in saturated and unsaturated transport experiments

Adams, 2003, Extent of benzene biodegradation in saturated soil column during air sparging, Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation, 23, 85, 10.1111/j.1745-6592.2003.tb00686.x

Ahmad, 2005, Measuring sorption of hydrophilic organic compounds in soils by an unsaturated transient flow method, Journal of Environmental Quality, 34, 1045, 10.2134/jeq2003.0423

Akhtar, 2003, Chloride and lithium transport in large arrays of undisturbed silt loam and sandy loam soil columns, Vadose Zone journal, 2, 715, 10.2136/vzj2003.0715

Anderson, 1997, Experimental investigation of brine transport through sand, 353

Andersson, 2003, Amino acid concentration in sampled soil water: effects of sampling and storage using lysimeters with small pore-size and sterile pre-evacuated sampling tubes, Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 34, 21, 10.1081/CSS-120017412

Aronsson, 2001, Nitrate leaching from lysimeter-grown short-rotation willow coppice in relation to N-application, irrigation and soil type, Biomass & Bioenergy, 21, 155, 10.1016/S0961-9534(01)00022-8

Barry, 2009, Effect of nonuniform boundary conditions on steady flow in saturated homogeneous cylindrical soil columns, Advances in Water Resources, 32, 522, 10.1016/j.advwatres.2009.01.003

Barzegar, 2004, Passive pan sampler for vadose zone leachate collection, Soil Science Society of America Journal, 68, 744, 10.2136/sssaj2004.0744

Batterman, 1996, Effective gas-phase diffusion coefficients in soils at varying water content measured using a one-flow sorbent based technique, Environmental Science & Technology, 30, 770, 10.1021/es950014i

Bauters, 1998, Preferential flow in water-repellent sands, Soil Science Society of America Journal, 62, 1185, 10.2136/sssaj1998.03615995006200050005x

Bear, 1972

Begin, 2003, Evaluation of the fluoride retardation factor in unsaturated and undisturbed soil columns, Soil Science Society of America Journal, 67, 1635, 10.2136/sssaj2003.1635

Bergström, 2000, Leaching of agrochemicals in field lysimeters — a method to test mobility of chemicals in soil, 479

Binley, 1996, Flow pathways in porous media: electrical resistance tomography and dye staining image verification, Measurement Science & Technology, 7, 384, 10.1088/0957-0233/7/3/020

Bottcher, 1984, Phosphorus adsorption on various soil–water extraction cup material: effect of acid wash, Soil Science, 137, 239, 10.1097/00010694-198404000-00005

Boulding, 2004

Bouma, 1972

Bowman, 1988, Mobility and persistence of metachlor and aldicarb in field lysimeters, Journal of Environmental Quality, 17, 689, 10.2134/jeq1988.00472425001700040028x

Bowman, 1994, Rainfall simulator grid lysimeter system for solute transport studies using large, intact soil blocks, Journal of Environmental Quality, 23, 815, 10.2134/jeq1994.00472425002300040029x

Bradbury, 1990, Hydraulic conductivity determinations in unlithified glacial and fluvial materials, 138

Branham, 1985, A microecosystem for fertilizer and pesticide fate research, Agronomy journal, 77, 176, 10.2134/agronj1985.00021962007700010042x

Bromly, 2007, Relation of dispersivity to properties of homogeneous saturated repacked soil columns, European Journal of Soil Science, 58, 293, 10.1111/j.1365-2389.2006.00839.x

Brown, 1974, A procedure for placing large undisturbed monoliths in lysimeters, Soil Science Society of America Journal, 38, 981, 10.2136/sssaj1974.03615995003800060040x

Bruner, 1994, Measurement of saturated hydraulic conductivity in fine grained glacial till in Iowa: comparison of in-situ and laboratory methods, 255

Bunsri, 2008, Influence of dispersion on transport of tracer through unsaturated porous media, Journal of Applied Fluid Mechanics, 1, 37

Burgess, 1921, The soil solution, extracted by Lipman's direct-pressure method, compared with 1: 5 water extracts, Soil Science, 14, 191, 10.1097/00010694-192209000-00003

Butler, 1999, Performance assessment studies of models for water flow and radionuclide transport in vegetated soils using lysimeter data, Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 42, 271, 10.1016/S0265-931X(98)00059-9

Camabreco, 1996, Movement of heavy metals through undisturbed and homogenized soil columns, Soil Science, 161, 740, 10.1097/00010694-199611000-00003

Casey, 2000, Automated system for miscible displacement through soil of multiple volatile organic compounds, Soil Science, 165, 841, 10.1097/00010694-200011000-00002

Charbeneau, 2000

Christiansen, 1944, Effect of entrapped air upon the permeability of soils, Soil Science, 58, 355, 10.1097/00010694-194411000-00002

Chu, 2003, Effect of soil properties on saturated and unsaturated virus transport through columns, Journal of Environmental Quality, 32, 2017, 10.2134/jeq2003.2017

Clay, 2004, Bromide and nitrate movement through undisturbed soil columns, Journal of Environmental Quality, 33, 338, 10.2134/jeq2004.3380

Colman, 1947

Communar, 2004, Deriving boron adsorption isotherms from soil column displacement experiments, Soil Science Society of America Journal, 68, 481, 10.2136/sssaj2004.0481

Cortis, 2004, Anomalous transport in “classical” soil and sand columns, Soil Science Society of America Journal, 68, 1539, 10.2136/sssaj2004.1539

Corwin, 2000, Evaluation of a simple lysimeter-design modification to minimize sidewall flow, Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, 42, 35, 10.1016/S0169-7722(99)00088-1

Crestana, 1998, Non-invasive instrumentation opportunities for characterizing soil porous systems, Soil & Tillage Research, 47, 19, 10.1016/S0167-1987(98)00068-3

Dalton, 1802

Darcy, H., 1856. Les fontaines publiques de la ville de Dijon : exposition et application des principes a suivre et des formules a employer dans les questions de distribution d'eau. [s.n.], [S.l.], microfilm. pp.

Darnault, 2004, Preferential flow and transport of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts through the vadose zone: Experiments and modeling (vol 3, pg 262, 2004), Vadose Zone Journal, 3, 736, 10.2113/3.2.736

de Jonge, 2002, Transport of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) applied with sewage sludge to undisturbed and repacked soil columns, Journal of Environmental Quality, 31, 1963, 10.2134/jeq2002.1963

De la Hire, 1703, Sur l'origine des rivières, 1

Derby, 2002, Construction and performance of large soil core lysimeters, Soil Science Society of America Journal, 66, 1446, 10.2136/sssaj2002.1446

Deurer, 2004, Magnetic resonance imaging of hydrodynamic dispersion in a saturated porous medium, Transport in Porous Media, 54, 145, 10.1023/A:1026358431442

Domenico, 1998

Dontsova, 2006, Dissolution and transport of TNT, RDX, and Composition B in saturated soil columns, Journal of Environmental Quality, 35, 2043, 10.2134/jeq2006.0007

Dousset, 2004, Transfer of hexazinone and glyphosate through undisturbed soil columns in soils under Christmas tree cultivation, Chemosphere, 57, 265, 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.06.007

Dowd, 1998, Delineating the specific influence of virus isoelectric point and size on virus adsorption and transport through sandy soils, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 64, 405, 10.1128/AEM.64.2.405-410.1998

Everett, 1985, Operational ranges for suction lysimeters, Ground water monitoring review, 51, 51, 10.1111/j.1745-6592.1985.tb00929.x

Fireman, 1944, Permeability measurements on disturbed soil samples, Soil Science, 58, 337, 10.1097/00010694-194411000-00001

Flury, 1999, Numerical analysis of the effect of the lower boundary condition on solute transport in lysimeters, Soil Science Society of America Journal, 63, 1493, 10.2136/sssaj1999.6361493x

Fredlund, 2002, Use of the grain-size distribution for estimation of the soil–water characteristic curve, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 39, 1103, 10.1139/t02-049

Freeze, 1979

Ghodrati, 1999, Characterization of macropore flow mechanisms in soil by means of a Split Macropore Column, Soil Science Society of America Journal, 63, 1093, 10.2136/sssaj1999.6351093x

Glass, 1989, Mechanism for finger persistence in homogeneous, unsaturated, porous media: theory and verification, Soil Science, 148, 60, 10.1097/00010694-198907000-00007

Gowing, 2006, Evaporative flux from a shallow watertable: the influence of a vapour–liquid phase transition, Journal of Hydrology, 321, 77, 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.07.035

Greiner, 1997, Magnetic resonance imaging of paramagnetic tracers in porous media: quantification of flow and transport parameters, Water Resources Research, 33, 1461, 10.1029/97WR00657

Grover, 1970, Preparation of porous ceramic cups to be used for extraction of soil water having low solute concentrations, Soil Science Society of America Journal, 34, 706, 10.2136/sssaj1970.03615995003400040048x

Guber, 2005, Transport and retention of manure-borne coliforms in soil, Vadose Zone Journal, 4, 828, 10.2136/vzj2004.0097

Guggenberger, 1992, Sorption of dissolved organic-carbon by ceramic P-80 suction cups, Zeitschrift Fur Pflanzenernahrung Und Bodenkunde, 155, 151, 10.1002/jpln.19921550213

Hayden, 1996, Alcohol flushing for enhanced removal of coal tar from contaminated soils, Water Environment Research, 68, 1165, 10.2175/106143096X128595

Heimovaara, 1993, The application of TDR in laboratory column experiments, Soil Technology, 6, 261, 10.1016/0933-3630(93)90015-7

Hillel, 1982

Hrapovic, 2005, Laboratory study of treatment of trichloroethene by chemical oxidation followed by bioremediation, Environmental Science & Technology, 39, 2888, 10.1021/es049017y

Hutchison, 2003, Chromate transport and retention in variably saturated soil columns, Vadose Zone journal, 2, 702, 10.2136/vzj2003.7020

Ilg, 2007, Comparing unsaturated colloid transport through columns with differing sampling systems, Soil Science Society of America Journal, 71, 298, 10.2136/sssaj2006.0145

James, 1972, Accounting for apparatus-induced dispersion in analyses of miscible displacement experiments, Water Resources Research, 8, 717, 10.1029/WR008i003p00717

Jin, 1997, Sorption of viruses during flow through saturated sand columns, Environmental Science & Technology, 31, 548, 10.1021/es9604323

Jones, 1974, Leaching and uptake of nitrogen applied to annual grass and clover-grass mixtures in lysimeters, Agronomy Journal, 66, 256, 10.2134/agronj1974.00021962006600020022x

Jose, 2004

Kirkham, 2005

Torkzaban, 2006, Virus transport in saturated and unsaturated sand columns, Vadose Zone Journal, 5, 877, 10.2136/vzj2005.0086

Kirkham, 1948, Some tests of the diffusion theory, and laws of capillary flow, in soils, Soil Science, 67, 29, 10.1097/00010694-194901000-00004

Klein, 1997, Validation of the pesticide leaching model PELMO using lysimeter studies performed for registration, Chemosphere, 35, 2563, 10.1016/S0045-6535(97)00325-1

Kohnke, 1940

Kosugi, 2004, Controlled-suction period lysimeter for measuring vertical water flux and convective chemical fluxes, Soil Science Society of America Journal, 68, 371, 10.2136/sssaj2004.3710

Landry, 2004, Laboratory leaching studies of oryzalin and diuron through three undisturbed vineyard soil columns, Chemosphere, 54, 735, 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2003.08.039

Langmaack, 1999, Quantitative analysis of earthworm burrow systems with respect to biological soil-structure regeneration after soil compaction, Biology and Fertility of Soils, 28, 219, 10.1007/s003740050486

Lawes, 1882

Leij, 2002, Solute transport, 189

Lentz, 2003, An automated vacuum extraction control system for soil water percolation samplers, Soil Science Society of America Journal, 67, 100, 10.2136/sssaj2003.0100

Lewis, 2009, Quantifying the transport of energetic materials in unsaturated sediments from cracked unexploded ordnance, Journal of Environmental Quality, 38, 10.2134/jeq2009.0019

Liu, 1993, High-intensity X-ray and tensiometer measurements in rapidly changing preferential flow-fields, Soil Science Society of America Journal, 57, 1188, 10.2136/sssaj1993.03615995005700050004x

Liu, 2002, Determination of daily evaporation and evapotranspiration of winter wheat and maize by large-scale weighing lysimeter and micro-lysimeter, Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 111, 109, 10.1016/S0168-1923(02)00015-1

Liu, 2008, Biodegradation of diesel-contaminated soil: a soil column study, Journal of the Chinese Institute of Chemical Engineers, 39, 419, 10.1016/j.jcice.2008.03.006

Mackay, 1996, Laboratory assessment of BTEX soil flushing, Environmental Science & Technology, 30, 3223, 10.1021/es950963b

Magesan, 2003, Solute movement through an allophanic soil, Journal of Environmental Quality, 32, 2325, 10.2134/jeq2003.2325

Mali, 2007, Tracing of water movement through the unsaturated zone of a coarse gravel aquifer by means of dye and deuterated water, Environmental Geology, 51, 1401, 10.1007/s00254-006-0437-4

Mercer, J.W., Spalding, C.P., 1991. Characterization of the Vadose zone. In: Site characterization for subsurface remediation, EPA/625/4-91/026, Chapter 5.

Mertens, 2005, Numerical analysis to investigate the effects of the design and installation of equilibrium tension plate lysimeters on leachate volume, Vadose Zone Journal, 4, 488, 10.2136/vzj2004.0161

Meshkat, 1999, Lysimeter design, construction, and instrumentation for assessing evaporation from a large undisturbed soil monolith, Applied Engineering in Agriculture, 15, 303, 10.13031/2013.5781

Miller, 2002, Impact of soil type and compaction conditions on soil water characteristic, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 128, 733, 10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2002)128:9(733)

Moyer, 1996, Design, construction, and installation of an intact soil core lysimeter, Agronomy Journal, 88, 253, 10.2134/agronj1996.00021962008800020023x

Nay, 1999, Behavior of chemical contaminants under controlled Redox conditions in an artificial sequential soil column system and in batch cultures, Biodegradation, 10, 405, 10.1023/A:1008370426581

Nimmo, 1988, Hydraulic conductivity of a saturated soil at low water content after compaction by various methods, Soil Science Society of America Journal, 52

Noborio, 2001, Measurement of soil water content and electrical conductivity by time domain reflectometry: a review, Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 31, 213, 10.1016/S0168-1699(00)00184-8

Oliveira, 1996, Packing of sands for the production of homogeneous porous media, Soil Science Society of America Journal, 60, 49, 10.2136/sssaj1996.03615995006000010010x

Oswald, 1997, Observation of flow and transport processes in artificial porous media via magnetic resonance imaging in three dimensions, Geoderma, 80, 417, 10.1016/S0016-7061(97)00064-5

Ouangrawa, 2009, Reactive transport modelling of mine tailings columns with capillarity-induced high water saturation for preventing sulfide oxidation, Applied Geochemistry, 24, 1312, 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.005

Parker, 1921, Methods of studying the concentration and composition of the soil solution, Soil Science, 12, 209, 10.1097/00010694-192109000-00002

Parlange, 1990, Application of scaling to the analysis of unstable flow, 25, 53

Pasteris, 2002, Vapor phase transport and biodegradation of volatile fuel compounds in the unsaturated zone: a large scale lysimeter experiment, Environmental Science & Technology, 36, 30, 10.1021/es0100423

Perret, 2000, Preferential solute flow in intact soil columns measured by SPECT scanning, Soil Science Society of America Journal, 64, 469, 10.2136/sssaj2000.642469x

Phelan, 2003

Plummer, 2004, Transport of carbon-14 in a large unsaturated soil column, Vadose Zone Journal, 3, 109, 10.2113/3.1.109

Powelson, 2001, Transport of Escherichia coli in sand columns with constant and changing water contents, Journal of Environmental Quality, 30, 238, 10.2134/jeq2001.301238x

Prueger, 1997, Bowen-ratio comparisons with Lysimeter evapotranspiration, Agronomy Journal, 89, 730, 10.2134/agronj1997.00021962008900050004x

Rais, 2006, Sorption of trace metals by standard and micro suction cups in the absence and presence of dissolved organic carbon, Journal of Environmental Quality, 35, 50, 10.2134/jeq2005.0040

Ripple, 1974, Packing-induced radial particle size segregation: influences on hydrodynamic dispersion and water transfer measurements, Soil Science Society of America Journal, 38, 219, 10.2136/sssaj1974.03615995003800020008x

Ritsema, 1998, Stable or unstable wetting fronts in water repellent soils — effect of antecedent soil moisture content, Soil & Tillage Research, 47, 111, 10.1016/S0167-1987(98)00082-8

Rockhold, 2005, Experimental observations and numerical modeling of coupled microbial and transport processes in variably saturated sand, Vadose Zone Journal, 4, 407, 10.2136/vzj2004.0087

Rousseau, 2004, Preferential transport of soil colloidal particles: physicochemical effects on particle mobilization, Vadose Zone Journal, 3, 247, 10.2113/3.1.247

Sahoo, 2009, Estimation of evapotranspiration and crop co-efficient of carrot (Daucus carota) for water management using weighing lysimeter, Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 79, 968

Schafer, 1998, Transport of bacteria in unsaturated porous media, Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, 33, 149, 10.1016/S0169-7722(98)00069-2

Schneider, 1996, Combining monolithic and repacked soil tanks for lysimeters from high water table sites, Applied Engineering in Agriculture, 12, 649, 10.13031/2013.25694

Schoen, 1999, Preferential flow and solute transport in a large lysimeter, under controlled boundary conditions, Journal of Hydrology, 215, 70, 10.1016/S0022-1694(98)00262-5

Schoen, 1999, Modelling of solute transport in a large undisturbed lysimeter, during steady-state water flux, Journal of Hydrology, 215, 82, 10.1016/S0022-1694(98)00263-7

Schreiner, 1906, The absorption of phosphates by soils, Journal of Physical Chemistry, 10, 239, 10.1021/j150076a001

Selker, 1999

Sentenac, 2001, Measurement of the side-wall boundary effect in soil columns using fibre-optics sensing, International Journal of Physical Modelling in Geotechnics, 4, 35, 10.1680/ijpmg.2001.010404

Seol, 2001, Coupled effects of treated effluent irrigation and wetting–drying cycles on transport of triazines through unsaturated soil columns, Journal of Environmental Quality, 30, 1644, 10.2134/jeq2001.3051644x

Seyfried, 1987, Solute transport in undisturbed columns of an aggregated tropical soil — preferential flow effects, Soil Science Society of America Journal, 51, 1434, 10.2136/sssaj1987.03615995005100060008x

Shih, 1985, Water table effect on nutrient contents of celery, lettuce and sweet corn, Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural Engineering, 28, 1867, 10.13031/2013.32533

Siemens, 2003, Dissolved organic matter induced denitrification in subsoils and aquifers?, Geoderma, 113, 253, 10.1016/S0016-7061(02)00364-6

Simon, 2000, Effect of redox zonation on the reductive transformation of p-cyanonitrobenzene in a laboratory sediment column, Environmental Science & Technology, 34, 3617, 10.1021/es000960l

Smajstrla, 1985, A field lysimeter system for crop water use and water stress studies in humid regions, 28

Smith, 1985, Transport of Escherichia coli through intact and disturbed soil columns, Journal of Environmental Quality, 14, 87, 10.2134/jeq1985.00472425001400010017x

Stephens, 1984

Strock, 2001, Developing and testing a system for studying unsaturated solute transport on undisturbed soil blocks, Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 56, 112

Takamatsu, 2007, Design of a meso-scale indoor lysimeter for undisturbed soil to investigate the behaviour of solutes in soil, European Journal of Soil Science, 58, 329, 10.1111/j.1365-2389.2006.00843.x

Tinjum, 1997, Soil–water characteristic curves for compacted clays, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 123, 1060, 10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(1997)123:11(1060)

Toride, 2003, Hydrodynamic dispersion in an unsaturated dune sand, Soil Science Society of America Journal, 67, 703, 10.2136/sssaj2003.0703

Towner, 1978, Analysis of one-dimensional steady flow in constrained swelling soils, European Journal of Soil Science, 29, 140, 10.1111/j.1365-2389.1978.tb02044.x

Troxler, 1997, Predominance of nonculturable cells of the biocontrol strain Pseudomonas fluorescens CHA0 in the surface horizon of large outdoor lysimeters, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 63, 3776, 10.1128/AEM.63.10.3776-3782.1997

Voegelin, 2003, Heavy metal release from contaminated soils: comparison of column leaching and batch extraction results, Journal of Environmental Quality, 32, 865, 10.2134/jeq2003.0865

Vogeler, 2001, Copper and calcium transport through an unsaturated soil column, Journal of Environmental Quality, 30, 927, 10.2134/jeq2001.303927x

Watson, 2002, On the validity of Darcy's law for stable high-concentration displacements in granular porous media, Transport in Porous Media, 47, 149, 10.1023/A:1015533006012

Weihermuller, 2005, Soil water extraction with a suction cup: results of numerical simulations, Vadose Zone Journal, 4, 899, 10.2136/vzj2004.0156

Weihermuller, 2007, In situ soil water extraction: a review, Journal of Environmental Quality, 36, 1735, 10.2134/jeq2007.0218

Wenzel, 1997, Adsorption of trace metals by tension lysimeters: nylon membrane vs. porous ceramic cup, Journal of Environmental Quality, 26, 1430, 10.2134/jeq1997.00472425002600050033x

Wessel-Bothe, 2000, Sorption of pesticides and DOC on glass and ceramic suction cups, Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science-Zeitschrift Fur Pflanzenernahrung Und Bodenkunde, 163, 53, 10.1002/(SICI)1522-2624(200002)163:1<53::AID-JPLN53>3.0.CO;2-W

Wierenga, 1995, Water and solute transport and storage

Wilson, 1995

Yaron, 1966, A method for uniform packing of soil columns, Soil Science, 101, 205

Yeh, 1998, Scale issues of heterogeneity in vadose-zone hydrology and practical solutions, 224