Optimizing landscape selection for estimating relative effects of landscape variables on ecological responses

Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC) 2007 Landcover classification from 2007 imagery for Eastern Ontario site

Armitage P, Berry G, Matthews JNS (2002) Statistical methods in medical research, 4th edn. Blackwell Science Ltd, Malden

Beyer HL (2004) Hawth’s analysis tools for ArcGIS. Available at http://www.spatialecology.com/htools

Brennan JM, Bender DJ, Contreras TA, Fahrig L (2002) Focal patch landscape studies for wildlife management. In: Wu J, Taylor WW (eds) Optimizing sampling effort across scales. Integrating landscape ecology into natural resource management. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 68–91

Carr LW, Fahrig L (2001) Impact of road traffic on two amphibian species of differing vagility. Conserv Biol 15:1071–1078

Clark Labs 2011 Idrisi GIS. www.clarklabs.com

Definiens (2006) Definiens Professional 5.0. (now owned by Trimble)

Dingle Robertson L, King DJ (2011) Comparison of pixel- and object-based classification in land cover change mapping. Int J Remote Sens 32:1505–1529

Dunford W, Freemark KE (2004) Matrix matters: effects of surrounding land uses on forest birds near Ottawa, Canada. Landscape Ecol 20:497–511

Eigenbrod F, Hecnar SJ, Fahrig L (2008) The relative effects of road traffic and forest cover on anuran populations. Biol Conserv 141:35–46

Eigenbrod F, Hecnar SJ, Fahrig L (2011) Sub-optimal study design has major impacts on landscape-scale inference. Biol Conserv 144:298–305

Fahrig L, Baudry J, Brotons L, Burel FG, Crist TO, Fuller RJ, Sirami C, Siriwardena GM, Martin JL (2011) Functional landscape heterogeneity and animal biodiversity in agricultural landscapes. Ecol Lett 14:101–112

Findlay CS, Houlahan J (1997) Anthropogenic correlates of biodiversity in southeastern Ontario wetlands. Conserv Biol 11:1000–1009

Flanders D, Hall-Beyer M, Pereverzoff J (2003) Preliminary evaluation of eCognition object-based software for cut block delineation and feature extraction. Can J Remote Sens 29:441–452

Fortin MJ, Dale MRT (2005) Spatial analysis: a guide for ecologists. Cambridge University Press, New York

Freemark KE, Kirk DA (2001) Birds breeding on organic and conventional farms in Ontario: partitioning effects of habitat and practices on species composition and abundance. Biol Conserv 101:337–350

Holland JD, Bert DG, Fahrig L (2004) Determining the spatial scale of species’ response to habitat. Bioscience 54:227–233

Holzschuh A, Steffan-Dewenter I, Kleijn D, Tscharntke T (2007) Diversity of flower-visiting bees in cereal fields: effects of farming system, landscape composition and regional context. J Appl Ecol 44:41–49

Hurlbert SH (1984) Pseudoreplication and the design of ecological field experiments. Ecol Monogr 54:187–211

Kirk DA, Lindsay KE and Brook RW (2011) Risk of agricultural practices and habitat change to farmland birds. Avian Conserv Ecol 6(1): 5. [Online] http://dx.doi.org/10.5751/ACE-00446-060105

Legendre P (1993) Spatial autocorrelation: trouble or new paradigm? Ecology 74:1659–1673

McGarigal K, Cushman SA (2002) Comparative evaluation of experimental approaches to the study of habitat fragmentation effects. Ecol Appl 12:335–345

McGarigal K, Cushman SA, Neel MC, and Ene E (2002) FRAGSTATS: Spatial pattern analysis programs for categorical maps. University of Massachusetts, Amherst. http://www.umass.edu/landeco/research/fragstats/fragstats.html

Moran PAP (1950) Notes on continuous stochastic phenomena. Biometrika 37:17–33

Mortelliti A, Mori G, Capizzi D, Cervone C, Fagiani S, Pollini B, Boitani L (2011) Independent effects of habitat loss, habitat fragmentation and structural connectivity on the distribution of two arboreal rodents. J Appl Ecol 48:153–162

Ökinger E, Smith HG (2006) Landscape composition and habitat area affects butterfly species richness in semi-arid grasslands. Oecologia 149:526–534

Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources (OMNR) (2008) Southern Ontario Land Resource Information System (SOLRIS) Land Classification Data v1.2. Peterborough

Pasher J, King DJ (2006) Landscape fragmentation and ice storm damage in eastern Ontario forests. Landscape Ecol 21:477–483

Rytwinski T, Fahrig L (2011) Reproductive rate and body size predict road impacts on mammal abundance. Ecol Appl 21:589–600

Smith AC, Koper N, Francis CM, Fahrig L (2009) Confronting collinearity: comparing methods for disentangling the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation. Landscape Ecol 24:1271–1285

Statistics Canada (2007) 2006 Census of Agriculture—Farm data and farm operator data set. www.statcan.gc.ca

Trzcinski MK, Fahrig L, Merriam G (1999) Independent effects of forest cover and fragmentation on the distribution of forest breeding birds. Ecol Appl 9:586–593