Optimizing content placement in a peer-assisted VoD architecture
Tóm tắt
Recently, a new peer-assisted architecture to build content delivery systems has been presented. This architecture is based on the use of the storage capacity of end-users’ set-top boxes (STBs), connected in a peer-to-peer (P2P) manner in order to help the content servers in the delivery process. In these systems, the contents are usually split into a set of smaller pieces, called sub-streams, which are randomly injected at the STBs. The present paper is focused on Video on Demand (VoD) streaming and it is assumed that the STB-based content delivery system is deployed over the global Internet, where the clients are distributed over different ISP networks. In this scenario, three different strategies are studied for increasing the percentage of data uploaded by peers, in order to offload the content servers as much as possible. First of all, a new mechanism is presented which determines which sub-stream has to be placed at which STB by a Non-Linear Programming (NLP) formulation. A different strategy for reducing the content server load is to take advantage of the available bandwidth in the different ISP networks. In this sense, two new mechanisms for forwarding the VoD requests to different ISP networks are presented. Finally, the present paper also shows that in some situations the available uplink bandwidth is associated with STBs that do not have the required sub-streams. Regarding this concern, a new mechanism has been designed that dynamically re-allocates some streams, which are being transmitted from specific STBs, to different STBs, in order to find the necessary resources to start new streaming sessions.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Augustin B, Cuvellier X, Orgogozo B, Viger F, Friedman T, Latapy M, Magnien C, Teixeira R (2006) Avoiding traceroute anomalies with paris traceroute. In: IMC ’06: proceedings of the 6th ACM SIGCOMM conference on internet measurement, pp 153–158
Brook A, Kendrick D, Meeraus A (1988) Gams, a user’s guide. SIGNUM Newsl 23:10–11
Cha M, Rodriguez P, Moon S, Crowcroft J (2008) On next-generation telco-managed p2p tv architectures. In: Proceedings of the 7th international conference on peer-to-peer systems, IPTPS ’08, pp 1–6
Chellouche SA, Négru D, Chen Y, Sidibe M (2012) Home-box-assisted content delivery network for internet video-on-demand services. In: Proceedings of 2012 IEEE international conference on communications, IEEE ICC 2012, pp 1–6
Chen Y, Leblet J, Simon G (2009) On reducing the inter-as traffic of box-powered cdn. In: Proceedings of 18th international conference on computer communications and networks, ICCCN ’09, pp 1–6
Chen YF, Huang Y, Jana R, Jiang H, Rabinovich M, Rahe J, Wei B, Xiao Z (2009) Towards capacity and profit optimization of video-on-demand services in a peer-assisted iptv platform. Multimedia Syst 15:19–32
Chen YF, Jana R, Stern D, Wei B, Yang M, Sun H, Dyaberi J (2010) Zebroid: using iptv data to support stb-assisted vod content delivery. Multimedia Syst 16:199–214
Choe YR, Schuff DL, Dyaberi JM, Pai VS (2007) Improving vod server efficiency with bittorrent. In: Proceedings of the 15th international conference on multimedia, MULTIMEDIA ’07, pp 117–126
Cisco (2009) Visual networking index: forecast and methodology. Cisco Systems, San Jose, CA, pp 2008–2013
Drud A (2004) CONOPT documentation. ARKI consulting and development A/S. Bagsvaerd, Denmark
Dyaberi JM, Kannan K, Pai VS (2010) Storage optimization for a peer-to-peer video-on-demand network. In: Proceedings of the first annual ACM SIGMM conference on multimedia systems, MMSys ’10, pp 59–70
He J, Chaintreau A, Diot C (2009) A performance evaluation of scalable live video streaming with nano data centers. Comput Networks 53:153–167
Huang Y, Fu TZ, Chiu DM, Lui JC, Huang C (2008) Challenges, design and analysis of a large-scale p2p-vod system. In: Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2008 conference on data communication, SIGCOMM ’08, pp 375–388
Janardhan V, Schulzrinne H (2007) Peer assisted vod for set-top box based ip network. In: Proceedings of the 2007 workshop on peer-to-peer streaming and IP-TV, P2P-TV ’07, pp 335–339
Kasenna (2006) Observed on-demand usage patterns and its implications for large-scale vod system design. Kasenna whitepaper. Available online at: http://www.kasenna.com. Accessed 1 Dec 2011
Kikuchi Y, Nomura T, Fukunaga S, Matsui Y, Kimata H (2000) RFC 3016: RTP payload format for MPEG-4 Audio/Visual streams (Proposed Standard). Internet Task Force
Laoutaris N, Rodriguez P, Massoulie L (2008) Echos: edge capacity hosting overlays of nano data centers. SIGCOMM Comput Commun Rev 38:51–54
Liu F, Shen S, Li B, Li B, Yin H, Li S (2011) Novasky: cinematic-qualiy vod in a p2p storage cloud. In: Proceedings of IEEE INFOCOM 2011, pp 936–944
Liu F, Li B, Li B, Jin H (2011) Peer-assisted on-demand streaming: characterizing demands and optimizing supplies. IEEE Trans Comput. doi:10.1109/TC.2011.222
Magoni D, Hoerdt M (2005) Internet core topology mapping and analysis. Comput Commun 28(5):494–506
May M, Diot C, Le Guyadec P, Picconi F, Roussel J, Soule A (2011) Service hosting gateways: a platform for distributed service deployment in end user homes. In: Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2011 conference on SIGCOMM, SIGCOMM ’11, pp 471–477
Nafaa A, Murphy S, Murphy L (2008) Analysis of a large-scale vod architecture for broadband operators: a p2p-based solution. IEEE Commun Mag 46(12):47–55
Nafaa A, Gourdin B, Murphy L (2012) A dependable multisource streaming system for peer-to-peer -based video on demand services provisioning. Multimed Tools Appl 59(1):169–220
Pussep K, Kaune S, Abboud O, Huff C, Steinmetz R (2010) On energy-awareness for peer-assisted streaming with set-top boxes. In: Proceedings of 2010 international conference on network and service management, CSNM ’10, pp 166–173
Sahinidis NV, Tawarmalani M (2010) BARON 9.0.4: global optimization of mixed-integer nonlinear programs. User’s manual
Suh K, Diot C, Kurose J, Massoulié L, Neumann C, Towsley DF, Varvello M (2007) Push-to-peer video-on-demand system: design and evaluation. IEEE J Sel Area Comm 25:1706–1716
Tan B, Massoulié L (2011) Optimal content placement for peer-to-peer video-on-demand systems. In: Proceedings of IEEE INFOCOM 2011, pp 694–702
Valancius V, Laoutaris N, Massoulié L, Rodriguez P (2009) Greening the internet with nano data centers. In: Proceedings of the conference on emerging network experiment and technology, pp 37–48
Wang K, Lin C (2009) Insight into the p2p-vod system: performance modeling and analysis. In: Proceedings of 18th international conference on computer communications and networks, ICCCN ’09, pp 1–6
Wong B, Slivkins A, Sirer EG (2005) Meridian: a lightweight network location service without virtual coordinates. SIGCOMM Comput Commun Rev 35(4):85–96
Wu W, Lui JC (2011) Exploring the optimal replication strategy in p2p-vod systems: characterization and evaluation. In: Proceedings of IEEE INFOCOM 2011, pp 1206–1214