Optimization for friction welding parameters with multiple performance characteristics
Tóm tắt
Friction Welding is a variation of pressure welding method. Though some experience has already been accumulated in the industrial application of friction welding, achieving the optimal processing parameters is still a difficult task. This work is putting a step forward to achieve the best possible design. This paper presents an investigation on the optimization and the effect of welding parameters on multiple performance characteristics (tensile strength and the metal loss) obtained by friction welded joints. A plan of experiments based on the Taguchi method was designed. The output variables were the tensile strength and metal loss of the weld. These output variables were determined according to the input variables, which are the Heating Pressure (HP), Heating Time (HT), Upsetting Pressure (UP) and Upsetting Time (UT). The main objectives of this study are maximization of tensile strength and minimization of metal loss. By statistical analysis, an optimal level of combination of processing parameters is achieved. To validate the optimization, experience were conducted at optimum parameters.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Al-Bsharat, A.S., Hassan, A.M.: Improvements in some properties of non ferrous metals by the application of the ball burnishing process. J. Mater. Process. Technol. 59, 250–256 (1996)
Bendell, A., Disney, J., Pridmore, W.A.: Taguchi Methods: Applications in World Industry. IFS Publication, UK (1989)
Chou, D.S., Pan, L.K., Chang, B.D.: Optimization for solidification of low-level-radioactive resin using Taguchi analysis. Waste Manage. 21, 762–772 (2001)
Dunkerton, S.B.: Toughness properties of Friction weld in steels. Weld. J. 65(8), 193 s–202 s (1986)
Gunaraj, V., Murugan, N.: Application of response surface methodology for predicting weld bead quality in Submerged arc welding of pipes. J. Mater. Process. Technol. 88, 266–275 (1999)
Hassan, A.M.: An investigation into the surface characteristics of burnished cast Al–Cu alloys. J. Machine Tools Manuf. 37, 813–821 (1997)
Jeyapaul, R., Shahabudeen, P., Krishnaiah, K.: Simultaneous optimization of multi-response problems in the Taguchi method using genetic algorithm. Int. J Adv. Manuf. Technol. 30, 870–878 (2006)
Juang, S.C., Tarng, Y.S.: Process parameter selection for optimizing the weld pool geometry in the Tungsten inert gas welding of stainless steel. J. Mater. Process. Technol. 122, 33–37 (2002)
Juang, S.C., Tarng, Y.S., Lii, H.R.: A comparison between the back-propagation and counter-propagation networks in the modeling of the TIG welding process. J. Mater. Process. Technol. 75, 54–62 (1998)
Kim, D., Rhee, S.: Optimization of Arc welding process parameters using a Genetic Algorithm. Weld. J. July 2001, pp 184 s–189 s (2001)
Kim, I.S., Son, K.J., Yang, Y.S., Yaragada, P.K.D.V.: Sensitivity analysis for process parameters in GMA welding processes using a factorial design method. Int. J. Machine Tools Manuf. 43(1), 763–769 (2003)
Lippold, J.C., Odegard, B.C.: Microstructural evolution during inertia friction welding of austenitic stainless steels. Weld. J. 63(1), 35 s–38 s (1984)
Loh, N.H., Miyazawa, S., Lee, S.S.G., Tam S.C.: An investigation into ball burnishing of an AISI 1045 free-from surface. J. Mater. Process. Technol. 29, 203–211 (1992)
Loh, N.H., Lee, S.S.G., Tam, S.C.: Ball burnishing of 3161 stainless steel. J. Mater. Process. Technol. 37, 241–251 (1993)
Montgomery, C.: Design and Analysis of Experiments. Wiley, Singapore (1991)
Mortensen, K.S., Jensen, C.G., Conrad, L.C., Losee, F.: Mechanical properties and microstructures of inertia friction welded 416 stainless steel. Weld. J. November 2001, pp 2685–2735 (2001)
Murti, K.G.K., Sundarasan, S.: Parameter optimization in friction welding of dissimilar materials. Metal Construct. 15(6), 331–335 (1983)
Miyazawa, S., Loh, N.H., Tam, S.C.: A study of the effects of ball burnishing parameters on surface roughness using factorial design. J. Mech. Work. Technol. 18(1), 53–61 (1989)
Miyazawa, S., Loh, N.H., Tam, S.C.: Application of experimental design in ball burnishing. Int. J. Machine Tools Manuf. 33(6), 841–852 (1993)
Tak, J.C., Rajeshan, S.: A study on the surface characteristics of burnished components. J. Mech. Work. Technol. 20, 121–138 (1989)
Tam, S.C., Loh, N.H., Miyazawa, S.: Ball burnishing of tool steel. Precis. Eng. 15(2), 100–105 (1993)
Tarng, Y.S., Yang, W.H.: Design optimization of cutting parameters for turning operations based on the Taguchi method. J. Mater. Process. Technol. 84, 122–129 (1998)
Tong, L.-I., Su, C.-T., Wang, C.-H.: The optimization of multi response problems in the taguchi method. Int. J. Qual. Reliab. Manage. 14(4), 367–380 (1997)
Woo, I., Aritoshi, M., Kikuchi, Y.: Metallurgical and mechanical properties of high nitrogen austenitic stainless steel friction welds. ISIJ Int. 42(4), 401–406 (2002)
Zhang, Y.M., Kovaceive, R., Li, L.: Characterization and real-time measurement of geometrical appearance of the weld pool. Int. J. Mach. Tools Manuf. 36(7), 799–816 (1996)