Tannock IF, de Wit R, Berry WR et al (2004) Docetaxel plus prednisone or mitoxantrone plus prednisone for advanced prostate cancer. N Engl J Med 351:1502–1512
Antonarakis ES, Lu C, Wang H et al (2014) AR-V7 and resistance to enzalutamide and abiraterone in prostate cancer. N Engl J Med 371:1028–1038
de Bono JS, Logothetis CJ, Molina A et al (2011) Abiraterone and increased survival in metastatic prostate cancer. N Engl J Med 364:1995–2005
Ryan CJ, Smith MR, de Bono JS et al (2013) Abiraterone in metastatic prostate cancer without previous chemotherapy. N Engl J Med 368:138–148
Beer TM, Armstrong AJ, Rathkopf DE et al (2014) Enzalutamide in metastatic prostate cancer before chemotherapy. N Engl J Med 371:424–433
Scher HI, Fizazi K, Saad F et al (2012) Increased survival with enzalutamide in prostate cancer after chemotherapy. N Engl J Med 367:1187–1197
Efstathiou E, Titus M, Tsavachidou D et al (2012) Effects of abiraterone acetate on androgen signaling in castrate-resistant prostate cancer in bone. J Clin Oncol 30:637–643
Lorente D, Mateo J, Perez-Lopez R, de Bono JS, Attard G (2015) Sequencing of agents in castration-resistant prostate cancer. Lancet Oncol 16:e279–e292
Esch L, Schulz WA, Albers P (2014) Sequential treatment with taxanes and novel anti-androgenic compounds in castration-resistant prostate cancer. Oncol Res Treat 37:492–498
Galletti G, Leach BI, Lam L, Tagawa ST (2017) Mechanisms of resistance to systemic therapy in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Cancer Treat Rev 57:16–27
van Soest RJ, Templeton AJ, Vera-Badillo FE et al (2015) Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as a prognostic biomarker for men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer receiving first-line chemotherapy: data from two randomized phase III trials. Ann Oncol 26:743–749
Templeton AJ, Pezaro C, Omlin A et al (2014) Simple prognostic score for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer with incorporation of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio. Cancer 120:3346–3352
Scher HI, Halabi S, Tannock I et al (2008) Design and end points of clinical trials for patients with progressive prostate cancer and castrate levels of testosterone: recommendations of the Prostate Cancer Clinical Trials Working Group. J Clin Oncol 26:1148–1159
Templeton AJ, McNamara MG, Seruga B et al (2014) Prognostic role of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in solid tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Natl Cancer Inst 106:dju124
Leibowitz-Amit R, Templeton AJ, Omlin A et al (2014) Clinical variables associated with PSA response to abiraterone acetate in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Ann Oncol 25:657–662
Keizman D, Gottfried M, Ish-Shalom M et al (2012) Pretreatment neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients treated with ketoconazole: association with outcome and predictive nomogram. Oncologist 17:1508–1514
Hanahan D, Weinberg RA (2011) Hallmarks of cancer: the next generation. Cell 144:646–674
Rashid F, Waraich N, Bhatti I et al (2010) A pre-operative elevated neutrophil: lymphocyte ratio does not predict survival from oesophageal cancer resection. World J Surg Oncol 8:1
Donskov F, Bennedsgaard KM, Von Der Maase H et al (2002) Intratumoural and peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma undergoing interleukin-2 based immunotherapy: association to objective response and survival. Br J Cancer 87:194–201
Nuhn P, Vaghasia AM, Goyal J et al (2014) Association of pretreatment neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and overall survival (OS) in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) treated with first-line docetaxel. BJU Int 114:E11–E17
Gabay C, Kushner I (1999) Acute-phase proteins and other systemic responses to inflammation. N Engl J Med 340:448–454
Loriot Y, Bianchini D, Ileana E et al (2013) Antitumour activity of abiraterone acetate against metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer progressing after docetaxel and enzalutamide (MDV3100). Ann Oncol 24:1807–1812
Crawford ED, Higano CS, Shore ND, Hussain M, Petrylak DP (2015) Treating patients with metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer: a comprehensive review of available therapies. J Urol 194:1537–1547
Izumi K, Li L, Chang C (2014) Androgen receptor and immune inflammation in benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer. Clin Investig (Lond) 4:935–950
Thapa D, Ghosh R (2015) Chronic inflammatory mediators enhance prostate cancer development and progression. Biochem Pharmacol 94:53–62
Sciarra A, Casale P, Colella D, Di Chiro C, Di Silverio F (1999) Hormone-refractory prostate cancer? Anti-androgen withdrawal and intermittent hormonetherapy. Scand J Urol Nephrol 33:211–216