Opposed flame spread over thick solid fuels under influence of sub-atmospheric pressure and low-velocity flow

T’ien, 2001, Mechanisms of flame spread and smolder wave propagation, 299 Fujita, 2015, Solid combustion research in microgravity as a basis of fire safety in space, Proc. Combust. Inst., 35, 2487, 10.1016/j.proci.2014.08.010 Lautenberger, 2006, Understanding materials flammability, 1 Ruff, 2007, Technology development for fire safety in exploration spacecraft and habitats, Collection of Technical Papers - 45th, AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting, 7, 4261 Liu, 2016, Selection of spacecraft atmospheric pressure regime for manned lunar exploration mission, Manned Spaceflight, 22, 687 Altenkirch, 1983, Correlating downward flame spread rates for thick fuel beds, Combust. Sci. Technol., 32, 49, 10.1080/00102208308923652 Lastrina, 1971, 935 Gong, 2013, Influences of low atmospheric pressure on downward flame spread over thick PMMA slabs at different altitudes, Int. J. Heat Mass Tran., 61, 191, 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2013.01.066 Zhao, 2016, Prediction of three-dimensional downward flame spread characteristics over poly(methyl methacrylate) slabs in different pressure environments, Materials, 9, 10.3390/ma9110948 Bhattacharjee, 2000, Downward flame spread over poly(methyl)methacrylate, Proc. Combust. Inst., 28, 2891, 10.1016/S0082-0784(00)80713-4 Thomsen, 2019, On simulating concurrent flame spread in reduced gravity by reducing ambient pressure, Proc. Combust. Inst., 37, 3793, 10.1016/j.proci.2018.05.004 Olson, 2004, Sounding rocket microgravity experiments elucidating diffusive and radiative transport effects on flame spread over thermally thick solids, Combust. Sci. Technol., 176, 557, 10.1080/00102200490276773 Zhu, 2019, Microgravity diffusion flame spread over a thick solid in step-changed low-velocity opposed flows, Combust. Flame, 205, 55, 10.1016/j.combustflame.2019.03.040 Wu, 2020, Opposed flame spread over cylindrical PMMA under oxygen-enriched microgravity environment, Fire Technol., 56, 71, 10.1007/s10694-019-00896-8 Vietoris, 2000, Laminar diffusion flame in microgravity: the results of the MINITEXUS 6 sounding rocket experiment, Proc. Combust. Inst., 28, 2883, 10.1016/S0082-0784(00)80712-2 Urban, 2019, Flame spread: effects of microgravity and scale, Combust. Flame, 199, 168, 10.1016/j.combustflame.2018.10.012 Goldmeer, 1999, Combustion and extinction of PMMA cylinders during depressurization in low-gravity, Fire Saf. J., 32, 61, 10.1016/S0379-7112(98)00017-4 Zhang, 1992, Lewis number effects on flame spreading over thin solid fuels, Combust. Flame, 90, 71, 10.1016/0010-2180(92)90136-D Matsuoka, 2017, Appearance of flamelets spreading over thermally thick fuel, Proc. Combust. Inst., 36, 3019, 10.1016/j.proci.2016.07.112 Funashima, 2019, Opposed-flow flame spread in a narrow channel: prediction of flame spread velocity, Proc. Combust. Inst., 37, 3757, 10.1016/j.proci.2018.08.017 Huang, 2020, A review of near-limit opposed fire spread, Fire Saf. J. Uchida, 2015, Experimental validation of Lewis number and convection effects on the smoldering combustion of a thin solid in a narrow space, Combust. Flame, 162, 1957, 10.1016/j.combustflame.2014.12.014 Hossain, 2018, Influence of gap height and flow field on global stoichiometry and heat losses during opposed flow flame spread over thin fuels in simulated microgravity, Combust. Flame, 193, 133, 10.1016/j.combustflame.2018.02.023 Olson, 2009, Flame spread over thin fuels in actual and simulated microgravity conditions, Combust. Flame, 156, 1214, 10.1016/j.combustflame.2009.01.015 Xiao, 2010, A narrow channel experimental study on flammability characteristics of thermally thin fuels under simulated microgravity conditions, Yuhang Xuebao/Journal of Astronautics, 31, 1877 V Ivanov, 1999 Zhang, 2011, Experimental studies on the three-dimensional effects of opposed-flow flame spread over thin solid materials, Combust. Flame, 158, 1193, 10.1016/j.combustflame.2010.10.004 Zhu, 2016, Flame spread and extinction over a thick solid fuel in low-velocity opposed and concurrent flows, Microgravity Sci. Technol., 28, 87, 10.1007/s12217-015-9475-4 Zhu, 2018, A comparative study of near-limit flame spread over a thick solid in space- and ground-based experiments, Microgravity Sci. Technol., 30, 943, 10.1007/s12217-018-9655-0 Holman, 2010 Wang, 2016, Study on fire initiation of wire insulation by a narrow channel at low pressure, Microgravity Sci. Technol., 28, 155, 10.1007/s12217-016-9494-9 Pepper, 2012, A study of the effectiveness of a narrow channel apparatus in simulating microgravity flame spread over thin fuels, 1 Zik, 1998, Fingering instability in solid fuel combustion: the characteristic scales of the developed state, Symp. (Int.) Combust., 27, 2815, 10.1016/S0082-0784(98)80139-2 Fernandez-Pello, 1981, Flame spread in an opposed forced flow: the effect of ambient oxygen concentration, Symposium (International) on Combustion, 18, 579, 10.1016/S0082-0784(81)80063-X Olson, 1989, Near-limit flame spread over a thin solid fuel in microgravity, Symposium (International) on Combustion, 22, 1213, 10.1016/S0082-0784(89)80132-8 Olson, 1991, Mechanisms of microgravity flame spread over a thin solid fuel: oxygen and opposed flow effects, Combust. Sci. Technol., 76, 233, 10.1080/00102209108951711 Quintiere, 2006 Fernandez-pello, 1995, The solid phase, 31 Delichatsios, 1996, Creeping flame spread: energy balance and application to practical materials, Symposium (International) on Combustion, 26, 1495, 10.1016/S0082-0784(96)80371-7 McAllister, 2010, The combined effect of pressure and oxygen concentration on piloted ignition of a solid combustible, Combust. Flame, 157, 1753, 10.1016/j.combustflame.2010.02.022 Córdova, 2000, Convection effects on the endothermic gasification and piloted ignition of a radiatively heated combustible solid, Combust. Sci. Technol., 156, 271, 10.1080/00102200008947306