Opioids, Pain, the Brain, and Hyperkatifeia: A Framework for the Rational Use of Opioids for Pain

Pain Medicine - Tập 11 Số 7 - Trang 1092-1098 - 2010
Joseph Shurman1, George F. Koob2, Howard B. Gutstein3
1Pain Clinic, Scripps Memorial Hospital, La Jolla, California;
2Committee on the Neurobiology of Addictive Disorders, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California
3Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA

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