Viruses Paramyxovir là tác nhân điều trị ung thư: Cơ chế hoạt động, Nghiên cứu tiền lâm sàng và Lâm sàng

Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 52 Số 3 - Trang 306-322 - 2018
Matveeva, O. V.1, Kochneva, G. V.2,3, Zainutdinov, S. S.2,3, Ilyinskaya, G. V.4,5, Chumakov, P. M.6,7
1Biopolymer Design LLC, Acton, Massachusetts, United States
2State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology ‘VECTOR’, Koltsovo, Russia
3Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
4Russian Research Center of Medical Rehabilitation and Balneology, Moscow, Russia
5Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia
6Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
7Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune and Biological Products, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

Tóm tắt

Các nghiên cứu tiền lâm sàng cho thấy một loạt các tế bào ác tính của người và động vật có thể bị tiêu diệt bởi các virus paramyxovirus điều trị ung thư, bao gồm các tế bào có nguồn gốc từ ngoài nội bì, nội bì và trung bì. Trong các thử nghiệm lâm sàng, đã có báo cáo về sự giảm đáng kể hoặc thậm chí loại bỏ hoàn toàn các khối u chính và di căn đã hình thành. Nhiều phương pháp tiêm virus khác nhau (tiêm vào khối u, tiêm tĩnh mạch, tiêm dưới da, tiêm trong ổ bụng hoặc tiêm trong khoang màng phổi) và các chế độ tiêm đơn liều so với đa liều đã được khám phá. Các tác dụng phụ được báo cáo thường ở mức độ 1 và 2, trong đó triệu chứng phổ biến nhất là sốt nhẹ. Có một số lợi thế trong việc sử dụng virus paramyxovirus như các tác nhân điều trị ung thư so với các thành viên của các họ virus khác. Nhờ vào việc tái bản trong tế bào chất, các virus paramyxovirus không tích hợp vào gen của chủ và không tham gia vào sự tái tổ hợp, điều này làm cho chúng an toàn hơn và trở thành những ứng cử viên hấp dẫn hơn cho việc điều trị ung thư so với các virus retrovirus hoặc một số virus DNA. Danh sách các thành viên của họ Paramyxoviridae điều trị ung thư bao gồm virus sởi đã bị làm suy yếu, virus quai bị, virus Newcastle bệnh lý thấp, và virus Sendai. Các tế bào ung thư di căn thường xuyên thể hiện quá mức một số phân tử bề mặt nhất định mà có thể hoạt động như các thụ thể cho virus paramyxovirus điều trị ung thư. Điều này thúc đẩy sự gắn kết virus cụ thể với những tế bào ác tính này. Virus paramyxovirus có khả năng gây ra sự lysis của các tế bào ung thư qua trung gian syncytium và kích thích mạnh mẽ miễn dịch, điều này làm tăng cường đáng kể sự giám sát miễn dịch chống ung thư. Nói chung, các nghiên cứu tiền lâm sàng và các giai đoạn I–III của thử nghiệm lâm sàng cho kết quả rất khuyến khích và xứng đáng được tiếp tục nghiên cứu virus paramyxovirus điều trị ung thư như một bổ sung giá trị vào các phương pháp chống ung thư hiện có.

Từ khóa

#virus paramyxovirus #điều trị ung thư #nghiên cứu tiền lâm sàng #thử nghiệm lâm sàng #lysis #miễn dịch

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