On the microstructure evolution during isothermal low cycle fatigue of β-annealed Ti-6242S titanium alloy: Internal damage mechanism, substructure development and early globularization

Appel, 2010, Electron microscope characterization of low cycle fatigue in a high-strength multiphase titanium aluminide alloy, Int J Fatigue, 32, 792, 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2009.04.001 Ding, 2018, Microstructure stability and micro-mechanical behavior of as-cast gamma-TiAl alloy during high-temperature low cycle fatigue, Acta Mater, 145, 504, 10.1016/j.actamat.2017.12.040 Ding, 2017, Cyclic deformation and microstructure evolution of high Nb containing TiAl alloy during high temperature low cycle fatigue, Int J Fatigue, 99, 68, 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2017.02.019 Prasad, 2010, Effect of temperature and hold time on internal hardening behavior of a near α titanium alloy under cyclic deformation, Mater Des, 31, 2716, 10.1016/j.matdes.2010.01.031 Christ, 2001, High-temperature fatigue behavior of a near-γ titanium aluminide alloy under isothermal and thermo-mechanical conditions, Mater Sci Eng A, 319–321, 625, 10.1016/S0921-5093(00)02013-X Gallo, 2015, High temperature fatigue tests of notched specimens made of titanium Grade 2, Theor Appl Fract Mech, 76, 27, 10.1016/j.tafmec.2014.12.007 Prasad, 2011, Isothermal and thermomechanical fatigue behaviour of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy, Mater Sci Eng A, 528, 6263, 10.1016/j.msea.2011.04.085 Pototzky, 1998, Thermomechanical fatigue behavior of the high-temperature titanium alloy IMI 834, Metall Mater Trans A, 29, 2995, 10.1007/s11661-998-0207-x Verdhan, 2015, Effect of microstructure on the fatigue crack growth behaviour of a near-α Ti alloy, Int J Fatigue, 74, 46, 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2014.12.013 Huang, 2017, Effect of microstructure on high cycle fatigue behavior of Ti–5Al–5Mo–5V–3Cr–1Zr titanium alloy, Int J Fatigue, 94, 30, 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2016.09.005 Huang, 2017, High cycle fatigue behavior of Ti–5Al–5Mo–5V–3Cr–1Zr titanium alloy with lamellar microstructure, Mater Sci Eng A, 682, 107, 10.1016/j.msea.2016.11.014 Chan, 2010, Roles of microstructure in fatigue crack initiation, Int J Fatigue, 32, 1428, 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2009.10.005 Tan, 2015, Effect of α-phase morphology on low-cycle fatigue behavior of TC21 alloy, Int J Fatigue, 75, 1, 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2015.01.010 Tan, 2015, Graded microstructure and mechanical properties of additive manufactured Ti-6Al-4V via electron beam melting, Acta Mater, 97, 1, 10.1016/j.actamat.2015.06.036 Katzarov, 2002, Finite element modeling of the morphology of β to α phase transformation in Ti-6Al-4V alloy, Metall Mater Trans A, 33, 1027, 10.1007/s11661-002-0204-4 Rhodes, 1979, Formation characteristics of the α/β interface phase in Ti-6Al-4V, Metall Trans A, 10, 209, 10.1007/BF02817630 Zhao, 2017, Influence of α/β interface phase on the tensile properties of laser cladding deposited Ti–6Al–4V titanium alloy, J Mater Sci Technol, 33, 675, 10.1016/j.jmst.2016.09.026 Ghasemi, 2016, An investigation into the warm deformation behavior of Ti-6Al-1.5Cr-2.5Mo-0.5Fe-0.3Si alloy, Mater Sci Eng A, 654, 264, 10.1016/j.msea.2015.12.065 Ghasemi, 2017, Flow softening and dynamic recrystallization behavior of BT9 titanium alloy: A study using process map development, J Alloys Compd, 695, 1706, 10.1016/j.jallcom.2016.10.322 Ding, 2002, Microstructural evolution of a Ti-6Al-4V alloy during thermomechanical processing, Mater Sci Eng A, 327, 233, 10.1016/S0921-5093(01)01531-3 Wang, 2006, Substructure of high temperature compressed titanium alloy IMI 834, Mater Sci Eng A, 434, 188, 10.1016/j.msea.2006.06.119 Song, 2009, Dynamic globularization kinetics during hot working of a two phase titanium alloy with a colony alpha microstructure, J Alloys Compd, 480, 922, 10.1016/j.jallcom.2009.02.059 Stefansson, 2003, Mechanisms of globularization of Ti-6Al-4V during static heat treatment, Metall Mater Trans A, 34, 691, 10.1007/s11661-003-0103-3 Mironov, 2009, Microstructure evolution during warm working of Ti-6Al-4V with a colony-α microstructure, Acta Mater, 57, 2470, 10.1016/j.actamat.2009.02.016 Rezaee, 2016, Flow characterization of a duplex near α Ti6242 alloy through interrelation of microstructural evolution, 3D activation energy map, and processing map, Adv Eng Mater, 18, 1075, 10.1002/adem.201500426 Ma, 2012, The kinetics of dynamic globularization during hot working of a two phase titanium alloy with starting lamellar microstructure, Mater Sci Eng A, 548, 6, 10.1016/j.msea.2012.03.022 Shell, 1999, Effect of initial microstructure on plastic flow and dynamic globularization during hot working of Ti-6Al-4V, Metall Mater Trans A, 30, 3219, 10.1007/s11661-999-0232-4 Shechtman, 1978, On the unstable shear in fatigued β-annealed Ti-11 and IMI-685 alloys, Metall Trans A, 9, 1018, 10.1007/BF02649850 Rezaee, 2016, High-temperature flow characterization and microstructural evolution of Ti-6242 alloy: yield drop phenomenon, Mater Sci Eng A, 673, 346, 10.1016/j.msea.2016.07.043 ASTM, E21: standard test methods for elevated temperature tension tests of metallic materials. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, USA; 1988. Savage, 2001, Deformation mechanisms and microtensile behavior of single colony Ti-6242Si, Mater Sci Eng A, 319–321, 398, 10.1016/S0921-5093(01)01024-3 Ozturk, 2016, Crystal plasticity FE study of the effect of thermo-mechanical loading on fatigue crack nucleation in titanium alloys, Fatigue Fract Eng Mater Struct, 39, 752, 10.1111/ffe.12410 Zherebtsov, 2013, Microstructure evolution during warm working of Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-1Cr-1Fe at 600 and 800 °C, Mater Sci Eng A, 563, 168, 10.1016/j.msea.2012.11.042 Illarionov, 2010, Structural and phase transformations in a titanium alloy of the transition class under the effect of deformation, Phys Met Met, 110, 279, 10.1134/S0031918X10090115 Rhodes, 1975, Observations of an interface phase in the α/β boundaries in titanium alloys, Metall Trans A, 6, 1670, 10.1007/BF02641987 Servant, 1991, Contribution to the analysis of the α/β interface in some titanium alloys, J Mater Res, 6, 987, 10.1557/JMR.1991.0987 Park, 2010, Low-temperature superplasticity and coarsening behavior of Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo-0.1Si, Mater Sci Eng A, 527, 5203, 10.1016/j.msea.2010.04.082 Meyers, 1994, Evolution of microstructure and shear-band formation in α-hcp titanium, Mech Mater, 17, 175, 10.1016/0167-6636(94)90058-2 Salem, 2009, Anisotropy of the hot plastic deformation of Ti-6Al-4V single-colony samples, Mater Sci Eng A, 508, 114, 10.1016/j.msea.2008.12.035 Chan, 1981, Deformation of an alloy with a lamellar microstructure: experimental behavior of individual widmanstatten colonies of an α-β titanium alloy, Metall Trans A, 12, 1899, 10.1007/BF02643801 Li, 2009, Hot working of Ti-6Al-3Mo-2Zr-0.3Si alloy with lamellar α+β starting structure using processing map, Mater Des, 30, 1625, 10.1016/j.matdes.2008.07.031 Srinivasan, 1991, Effects of temperature on the low cycle fatigue behaviour of nitrogen alloyed type 316L stainless steel, Int J Fatigue, 13, 471, 10.1016/0142-1123(91)90482-E Pilehva, 2016, High-Temperature deformation behavior of a Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy in dual-phase (α + β) and single-phase (β) regions, J Mater Eng Perform, 25, 46, 10.1007/s11665-015-1813-6 Pham, 2011, Dislocation structure evolution and its effects on cyclic deformation response of AISI 316L stainless steel, Mater Sci Eng A, 528, 3261, 10.1016/j.msea.2011.01.015 Joseph, 2018, Slip transfer and deformation structures resulting from the low cycle fatigue of near-alpha titanium alloy Ti-6242Si, Int J Plast, 100, 90, 10.1016/j.ijplas.2017.09.012 Kuhlmann-Wilsdorf, 1979, Dislocation behavior in fatigue IV. Quantitative interpretation of friction stress and back stress derived from hysteresis loops, Mater Sci Eng, 39, 231, 10.1016/0025-5416(79)90062-4 Lee, 2012, Microstructural evolution during plastic deformation of twinning-induced plasticity steels, Scr Mater, 66, 1002, 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2011.12.016 Sabzi, 2018, The sequential twinning-transformation induced plasticity effects in a thermomechanically processed high Mn austenitic steel, Mater Sci Eng A, 725, 242, 10.1016/j.msea.2018.03.102 Yang, 1998, The influence of vacancy concentration on the mechanical behavior of Fe-40Al, Intermetallics, 6, 167, 10.1016/S0966-9795(97)00062-9 Grobstein, 1991, Fatigue damage accumulation in nickel prior to crack initiation, Mater Sci Eng A, 138, 191, 10.1016/0921-5093(91)90688-J Birosca, 2011, 3-D observations of short fatigue crack interaction with lamellar and duplex microstructures in a two-phase titanium alloy, Acta Mater, 59, 1510, 10.1016/j.actamat.2010.11.015 Wang, 2008, Atomistic modeling of the interaction of glide dislocations with “weak” interfaces, Acta Mater, 56, 5685, 10.1016/j.actamat.2008.07.041 Ju, 2016, In situ microscopic observations of low-cycle fatigue-crack propagation in high-Mn austenitic alloys with deformation-induced ∊-martensitic transformation, Acta Mater, 112, 326, 10.1016/j.actamat.2016.04.042 Zherebtsov, 2011, Spheroidization of the lamellar microstructure in Ti-6Al-4V alloy during warm deformation and annealing, Acta Mater, 59, 4138, 10.1016/j.actamat.2011.03.037 Park, 2008, Microstructural mechanisms during dynamic globularization of Ti-6Al-4V alloy, Mater Trans, 49, 2196, 10.2320/matertrans.L-MRA2008832 Zhao, 2016, The flow behavior and microstructure evolution during (α + β) deformation of β wrought TA15 titanium alloy, Mater Des, 109, 112, 10.1016/j.matdes.2016.07.001 Salishchev, 2004, Formation of grain boundary misorientation spectrum in alpha-beta titanium alloys with lamellar structure under warm and hot working, Mater Sci Forum, 467, 501, 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.467-470.501 Zherebtsov, 2010, Loss of coherency of the alpha/beta interface boundary in titanium alloys during deformation, Philos Mag Lett, 90, 903, 10.1080/09500839.2010.521526 Zherebtsov, 2008, Effect of hydrostatic extrusion at 600–700 °C on the structure and properties of Ti-6Al-4V alloy, Mater Sci Eng A, 485, 39, 10.1016/j.msea.2007.08.081 Zhang, 2016, High cycle fatigue of isothermally forged Ti-6.5Al-2.2Mo-2.2Zr-1.8Sn-0.7W-0.2Si with different microstructures, J Alloys Compd, 689, 114, 10.1016/j.jallcom.2016.07.277 Huang, 2017, High cycle fatigue behavior of Ti–5Al–5Mo–5V–3Cr–1Zr titanium alloy with bimodal microstructure, J Alloys Compd, 695, 1966, 10.1016/j.jallcom.2016.11.031 Åkerfeldt, 2016, A fractographic study exploring the relationship between the low cycle fatigue and metallurgical properties of laser metal wire deposited Ti-6Al-4V, Int J Fatigue, 87, 245, 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2016.02.011 Laird, 1962, Crack propagation in high stress fatigue, Philos Mag, 7, 847, 10.1080/14786436208212674 Goto, 2013, Effects of grain refinement due to severe plastic deformation on the growth behavior of small cracks in copper, Int J Fatigue, 50, 63, 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2012.02.020 Lenets, 2000, Crack propagation life prediction for Ti-6Al-4V based on striation spacing measurements, Int J Fatigue, 22, 521, 10.1016/S0142-1123(00)00019-0