On the choice of noise for the analysis of the peripheral auditory system
Tóm tắt
The cross-correlation between output and input of a system containing nonlinearities, when that system is stimulated with Gaussian white noise, is a good estimate of the linear properties of the system. In practice, however, when sequences of pseudonoise are used, great errors may be introduced in the estimate of the linear part depending on the properties of the noise. This consideration assumes special importance in the analysis of the linear properties of the peripheral auditory system, where the rectifying properties of the haircells constitute a second order nonlinearity. To explore this problem, a simple model has been designed, consisting of a second order nonlinearity without memory and sandwiched between two bandpass filters. Different types of pseudonoise are used as input whereupon it is shown that noise based on binary m-sequences, which is commonly used in noise generators, will yield totally incorrect information about this system. Somewhat better results are achieved with other types of noise. By using inverse-repeat sequences the results are greatly improved. Furthermore, certain anomalies obtained in the analysis of responses from single fibers in the auditory nerve are viewed in the light of the present results. The theoretical analysis of these anomalies reveals some information about the organization of the peripheral auditory system. For example, the possibility of the existence of a second bandpass filter in the auditory periphery seems to be excluded.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Barker, H.A., Pradisthayon, T.: High-order autocorrelation functions of pseudorandom signals based on m sequences. Proc. IEE 117, 1857–1863 (1970)
Bendat, J.S., Piersol, A.G.: Random data: analysis and measurement procedures. New York-London-Sydney-Toronto: Wiley 1971
de Boer, E.: On the principle of specific coding. J. Dyn. Syst. Meas. Control 95, 265–273 (1973)
de Boer, E.: Cross-correlation function of a bandpass nonlinear network. Proc. IEEE 64, 1443–1444 (1976)
de Boer, E., Kuyper, P.: Triggered correlation. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 15, 169–179 (1968)
Bussgang, J.J.: Crosscorrelation functions of amplitude-distorted Gaussian signals. Mass. Inst. Technol. Res. Lab. Electron. Tech. Rep. 216, 1–14 (1952)
Evans, E.F.: Cochlear nerve and cochlear nucleus. In: Handbook of sensory physiology, Keidel, W.D., Neff, W.D., eds. Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer 1975
Gardiner, A.B.: Elimination of the effect of nonlinearities on process crosscorrelations. Electron. Lett. 2, 164–165 (1966)
Godfrey, K.R.: Three-level m sequences. Electron. Lett. 2, 241–243 (1966)
Gyftopoulos, E.P., Hooper, R.J.: Signals for transfer-function measurements in nonlinear systems. In: Noise analysis in nuclear systems, USAEC symposium series 4, TID-7679, 335–345 (1964)
Hooper, R.J., Gyftopoulos, E.P.: On the measurement of characteristic kernels of a class of nonlinear systems. In: Neutron noise, waves and pulse propagation, USAEC conference report 660206, 343–356 (1967)
Korenberg, M.J.: Cross-correlation analysis of neural cascades. In: Proc. of the 10th Ann. Rocky Mountain Bioeng. Symp., 46–51 (1973)
Lee, Y.W., Schetzen, M.: Measurement of the kernels of a nonlinear system by crosscorrelation. Mass. Inst. Technol. Res. Lab. Electron. Quart. Prog. Rep. 60, 118–130 (1961)
McCann, G.D., Marmarelis, P.Z., eds.: Proc. 1. Symp. Testing and Identification of Nonlinear Systems. Pasadena: Calif. Inst. Technol. 1975
Marmarelis, P.Z.: Nonlinear identification of bioneural systems through white-noise stimulation. In: Proc. 13th Joint Automatic Control. Conf., Stanford University, 117–126 (1972)
Marmarelis, V.Z.: Identification of nonlinear systems through multilevel random signals. In: Proc. 1. Symp. Testing and Identification of Nonlinear Systems, pp. 106–124. McCann, G.D., Marmarelis, P.Z., eds. Pasadena: Calif. Inst. Technol. 1975
Møller, A.R.: Use of stochastic signals in evaluation of the dynamic properties of a neuronal system. Scand. J. Rehab. Med. Suppl. 3, 37–44 (1974)
Møller, A.R.: Frequency selectivity of single auditory-nerve fibers in response to broadband noise stimuli. J. Acoust. Soc. Amer. 62, 135–142 (1977)
O'Leary, D.P., Honrubia, V.: On-line identification of sensory systems using pseudorandom binary noise perturbations. Biophys. J. 15, 505–532 (1975)
Pfeiffer, R.R.: A model for two-tone inhibition of single cochlearnerve fibers. J. Acoust. Soc. Amer. 48, 1373–1378 (1970)
Price, R.: A useful theorem for nonlinear devices having Gaussian inputs. IRE Trans. Inf. Theor. IT-4, 69–72 (1958)
Ream, N.: Nonlinear identification using inverse-repeat m sequences. Proc. IEE 117, 213–218 (1970)
Simpson, H.R.: Statistical properties of a class of pseudorandom sequences. Proc. IEE 113, 2075–2080 (1966)
Weiss, T.F.: A model of the peripheral auditory system. Kybernetik 3, 153–175 (1966)
Zierler, N.: Linear recurring sequences. J. Soc. Ind. Appl. Math. 7, 31–48 (1959)