Các thụ thể khứu giác và sự cách ly hành vi: một nghiên cứu về chuột đồng Microtus

Margarida Alexandra Duarte1,2,3, Gerald Heckel4,5, Maria da Luz Mathias3,2, Cristiane Bastos-Silveira1
1Museu Nacional de História Natural e da Ciência, Departamento de Zoologia e Antropologia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
2Centro de Estudos de Ambiente e Mar, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
3Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
4Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
5Computational and Molecular Population Genetics, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland

Tóm tắt

Biến đổi di truyền trong các thụ thể khứu giác có thể ảnh hưởng đến sự lựa chọn bạn đời, cho thấy rằng khứu giác đã trải qua quá trình chọn lọc đa dạng trong các quần thể tách biệt và có thể góp phần vào sự cách ly sinh sản trước giao phối. Trong nghiên cứu này, chúng tôi đã phân tích hai gen thụ thể khứu giác như những rào cản ứng cử giữa Microtus lusitanicus và Microtus duodecimcostatus - hai loài chuột đồng gần đây đã tách biệt. Thêm vào đó, các mối quan hệ tiến hóa và dấu hiệu chọn lọc tích cực được suy luận trong bối cảnh tiểu giới châu Âu, dựa trên 76 mẫu từ 14 loài. Phân tích trình tự DNA đã tiết lộ sự hiện diện của các haplotype chung giữa các loài Microtus khác nhau. Các bài thử nghiệm chọn lọc đã phát hiện ra các axit amin bị chọn lọc tiêu cực trong các vòng ngoại bào của cả hai thụ thể khứu giác và một phần lớn các dư lượng bị chọn lọc tiêu cực trong các chuỗi xuyên màng, những vùng biến động nhất có trách nhiệm tiếp nhận các hợp chất khứu giác. Những phát hiện của chúng tôi cho thấy rằng, đối với một số loài Microtus, bao gồm cả M. lusitanicus và M. duodecimcostatus, những protein này có thể nhận ra các tín hiệu mùi bảo tồn không liên quan đến sự cách ly hành vi.

Từ khóa

#khứu giác #thụ thể khứu giác #sự cách ly sinh sản #Microtus #chọn lọc tiến hóa

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