Ocular Sarcoidosis

Crick, 1961, The eyes in sarcoidosis, Br J Ophthalmol, 45, 461, 10.1136/bjo.45.7.461

Rothova, 2000, Ocular involvement in sarcoidosis, Br J Ophthalmol, 84, 110, 10.1136/bjo.84.1.110

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Ohara, 1992, Intraocular manifestations of systemic sarcoidosis, Jpn J Ophthalmol, 36, 452

Heiligenhaus, 2011, The eye as a common site for the early clinical manifestation of sarcoidosis, Ophthalmic Res, 46, 9, 10.1159/000321947

Rothova, 1989, Risk factors for ocular sarcoidosis, Doc Ophthalmol, 72, 287, 10.1007/BF00153496

Hoover, 1986, Pediatric ocular sarcoidosis, Surv Ophthalmol, 30, 215, 10.1016/0039-6257(86)90118-9

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Dana, 1996, Prognosticators for visual outcome in sarcoid uveitis, Ophthalmology, 103, 1846, 10.1016/S0161-6420(96)30417-X

Evans, 2007, Differences in clinical findings between Caucasians and African Americans with biopsy-proven sarcoidosis, Ophthalmology, 114, 325, 10.1016/j.ophtha.2006.05.074

Birnbaum, 2011, Clinical features and diagnostic evaluation of biopsy-proven ocular sarcoidosis, Arch Ophthalmol, 129, 409, 10.1001/archophthalmol.2011.52

Kump, 2005, Analysis of pediatric uveitis cases at a tertiary referral center, Ophthalmology, 112, 1287, 10.1016/j.ophtha.2005.01.044

Smith, 2009, Epidemiology and course of disease in childhood uveitis, Ophthalmology, 116, 1544, 10.1016/j.ophtha.2009.05.002

Rodriguez, 1996, Referral patterns of uveitis in a tertiary eye care center, Arch Ophthalmol, 114, 593, 10.1001/archopht.1996.01100130585016

Merrill, 1997, Uveitis in the southeastern United States, Curr Eye Res, 16, 865, 10.1076/ceyr.16.9.865.5048

Sungur, 2013, Pattern of ocular findings in patients with biopsy-proven sarcoidosis in Turkey, Ocul Immunol Inflamm, 21, 455, 10.3109/09273948.2013.775311

Abad, 2004, Association of peripheral multifocal choroiditis with sarcoidosis: a study of thirty-seven patients, Arthritis Rheum, 51, 974, 10.1002/art.20839

Ossewaarde-van Norel, 2015, Long-term visual prognosis of peripheral multifocal chorioretinitis, Am J Ophthalmol, 159, 690, 10.1016/j.ajo.2015.01.005

Rossman, 2003, HLA-DRB1∗1101: a significant risk factor for sarcoidosis in blacks and whites, Am J Hum Genet, 73, 720, 10.1086/378097

Jabs, 2005, Standardization of uveitis nomenclature for reporting clinical data. Results of the First International Workshop, Am J Ophthalmol, 140, 509, 10.1016/j.ajo.2005.03.057

Zaidi, 2010, Hypopyon in patients with uveitis, Ophthalmology, 117, 366, 10.1016/j.ophtha.2009.07.025

Spalton, 1981, Fundus changes in histologically confirmed sarcoidosis, Br J Ophthalmol, 65, 348, 10.1136/bjo.65.5.348

Letocha, 1975, Retinal changes in sarcoidosis, Can J Ophthalmol, 10, 184

Gould, 1961, Sarcoid of the fundus, Arch Ophthalmol, 65, 453, 10.1001/archopht.1961.01840020455023

Hoogstede, 1982, A case of macular subretinal neovascularisation in chronic uveitis probably caused by sarcoidosis, Br J Ophthalmol, 66, 530, 10.1136/bjo.66.8.530

Khurana, 2008, Sarcoid choroiditis simulating birdshot chorioretinopathy, Retin Cases Brief Rep, 2, 301, 10.1097/ICB.0b013e31809ed9a2

Delaney, 1977, Neurologic manifestations in sarcoidosis: review of the literature, with a report of 23 cases, Ann Intern Med, 87, 336, 10.7326/0003-4819-87-3-336

Phillips, 2010, Neuro-ophthalmic sarcoidosis, Curr Opin Ophthalmol, 21, 423, 10.1097/ICU.0b013e32833eae4d

Gass, 1976, Sarcoidosis with optic nerve and retinal involvement, Arch Ophthalmol, 94, 945, 10.1001/archopht.1976.03910030475008

Zajicek, 1999, Central nervous system sarcoidosis–diagnosis and management, QJM, 92, 103, 10.1093/qjmed/92.2.103

Oie, 1981, A case of CNS sarcoidosis -case report of hydrocephalus due to mechanical obstruction secondary to sarcoid granulomata at the outlet of the fourth ventricle (author's transl), No Shinkei Geka, 9, 75

Zhang, 2013, Visual hallucinations (Charles Bonnet syndrome) associated with neurosarcoidosis, Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol, 20, 369, 10.4103/0974-9233.119997

Yaosaka, 2007, Unilateral periorbital oedema due to sarcoid infiltration of the eyelid: an unusual presentation of sarcoidosis with facial nerve palsy and parotid gland enlargement, Br J Dermatol, 157, 200, 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2007.07939.x

Pessoa de Souza Filho, 2005, Eyelid swelling as the only manifestation of ocular sarcoidosis, Ocul Immunol Inflamm, 13, 399, 10.1080/09273940590950972

Hall, 1995, Sarcoidosis of the eyelid skin, Am J Ophthalmol, 119, 100, 10.1016/S0002-9394(14)73824-3

Kim, 2006, A case of scar sarcoidosis of the eyelid, Korean J Ophthalmol, 20, 238, 10.3341/kjo.2006.20.4.238

Collins, 2013, Full-thickness eyelid lesions in sarcoidosis, Case Rep Ophthalmol Med, 2013, 579121

Moin, 2001, Destructive eyelid lesions in sarcoidosis, Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg, 17, 123, 10.1097/00002341-200103000-00009

Behbehani, 2006, Systemic sarcoidosis manifested as unilateral eyelid retraction, Arch Ophthalmol, 124, 599, 10.1001/archopht.124.4.599

Hegab, 1998, Sarcoidosis presenting as multilobular limbal corneal nodules, J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus, 35, 323, 10.3928/0191-3913-19981101-07

Dithmar, 1999, Conjunctival deposits as an initial manifestation of sarcoidosis, Am J Ophthalmol, 128, 361, 10.1016/S0002-9394(99)00132-4

Papadaki, 2006, Conjunctival non-caseating granulomas in a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive patient attributed to sarcoidosis, Ocul Immunol Inflamm, 14, 309, 10.1080/09273940600899676

Manrique Lipa, 2010, Sarcoidosis presenting as acute bulbar follicular conjunctivitis, Clin Exp Optom, 93, 363, 10.1111/j.1444-0938.2010.00508.x

Geggel, 1989, Cicatricial conjunctivitis in sarcoidosis: recognition and treatment, Ann Ophthalmol, 21, 92

Flach, 1978, Symblepharon in sarcoidosis, Am J Ophthalmol, 85, 210, 10.1016/S0002-9394(14)75950-1

Schilgen, 2006, Bilateral large conjunctival tumours as primary manifestation of sarcoidosis–successful treatment with steroid-depot-injections, Klin Monbl Augenheilkd, 223, 326, 10.1055/s-2005-858958

Dursun, 2004, Scleritis associated with sarcoidosis, Ocul Immunol Inflamm, 12, 143, 10.1080/09273940490895353

Heiligenhaus, 2003, Nodular scleritis in a patient with sarcoidosis, Br J Ophthalmol, 87, 507, 10.1136/bjo.87.4.507

Babu, 2010, Scleral nodule and bilateral disc edema as a presenting manifestation of systemic sarcoidosis, Ocul Immunol Inflamm, 18, 158, 10.3109/09273941003753416

Dodds, 1995, Posterior scleritis with annular ciliochoroidal detachment, Am J Ophthalmol, 120, 677, 10.1016/S0002-9394(14)72220-2

Riono, 1999, Scleritis: a clinicopathologic study of 55 cases, Ophthalmology, 106, 1328, 10.1016/S0161-6420(99)00719-8

Lennarson, 1995, Interstitial keratitis as presenting ophthalmic sign of sarcoidosis in a child, J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus, 32, 194, 10.3928/0191-3913-19950501-15

Siracuse-Lee, 2006, Peripheral ulcerative keratitis in sarcoidosis: a case report, Cornea, 25, 618, 10.1097/01.ico.0000183486.93259.c9

Mavrikakis, 2007, Diverse clinical presentations of orbital sarcoid, Am J Ophthalmol, 144, 769, 10.1016/j.ajo.2007.07.019

Prabhakaran, 2007, Orbital and adnexal sarcoidosis, Arch Ophthalmol, 125, 1657, 10.1001/archopht.125.12.1657

Demirci, 2011, Orbital and adnexal involvement in sarcoidosis: analysis of clinical features and systemic disease in 30 cases, Am J Ophthalmol, 151, 1074, 10.1016/j.ajo.2010.12.011

Jones, 1957, Keratoconjunctivitis sicca due to sarcoidosis, Br J Ophthalmol, 41, 153, 10.1136/bjo.41.3.153

Chapman, 1999, Lacrimal bypass surgery in patients with sarcoidosis, Am J Ophthalmol, 127, 443, 10.1016/S0002-9394(98)00420-6

Kay, 2002, Isolated sarcoidosis of the lacrimal sac without systemic manifestations, Am J Otolaryngol, 23, 53, 10.1053/ajot.2002.28783

Kim, 2014, Vision loss after central retinal artery occlusion secondary to orbital sarcoid mass, Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg, 10.1097/IOP.0000000000000223

Jabs, 1986, Ocular involvement in chronic sarcoidosis, Am J Ophthalmol, 102, 297, 10.1016/0002-9394(86)90001-2

Shimizu, 2014, Characteristics of uveitic glaucoma and evaluation of its surgical treatment, Clin Ophthalmol, 8, 2383, 10.2147/OPTH.S72383

Herbort, 2009, International criteria for the diagnosis of ocular sarcoidosis: results of the first International Workshop on Ocular Sarcoidosis (IWOS), Ocul Immunol Inflamm, 17, 160, 10.1080/09273940902818861

Nichols, 1980, Conjunctival biopsy as an aid in the evaluation of the patient with suspected sarcoidosis, Ophthalmology, 87, 287, 10.1016/S0161-6420(80)35236-6

Karcioglu, 1985, Conjunctival biopsy in sarcoidosis, Am J Ophthalmol, 99, 68, 10.1016/S0002-9394(14)75870-2

Bornstein, 1962, Conjunctival biopsy in the diagnosis of sarcoidosis, N Engl J Med, 267, 60, 10.1056/NEJM196207122670202

Wertheim, 2006, Non-invasive detection of multinucleated giant cells in the conjunctiva of patients with sarcoidosis by in-vivo confocal microscopy, Ocul Immunol Inflamm, 14, 203, 10.1080/09273940600826471

Rose-Nussbaumer, 2015, Aqueous cell differentiation in anterior uveitis using Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography, Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 56, 1430, 10.1167/iovs.14-15118

Güngör, 2014, Choroidal thickness in ocular sarcoidosis during quiescent phase using enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography, Ocul Immunol Inflamm, 22, 287, 10.3109/09273948.2014.920034

Ma, 2003, Regulation of macrophage activation, Cell Mol Life Sci, 60, 2334, 10.1007/s00018-003-3020-0

Rosenbaum, 2009, Hypothesis: sarcoidosis is a STAT1-mediated disease, Clin Immunol, 132, 174, 10.1016/j.clim.2009.04.010

Rosenbaum, 2010, The expression of STAT-1 and phosphorylated STAT-1 in conjunctival granulomas, Ocul Immunol Inflamm, 18, 261, 10.3109/09273941003797934

Rosenbaum, 2015, Parallel gene expression changes in sarcoidosis involving the lacrimal gland, orbital tissue, or blood, JAMA Ophthalmol, 133, 770, 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2015.0726

Sheppard, 2014, Difluprednate 0.05% versus prednisolone acetate 1% for endogenous anterior uveitis: a phase III, multicenter, randomized study, Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 55, 2993, 10.1167/iovs.13-12660

Khurana, 2015, Efficacy and safety of dexamethasone intravitreal implant for persistent uveitic cystoid macular edema, Retina, 35, 1640, 10.1097/IAE.0000000000000515

Ozkok, 2015, THE OMAR STUDY: comparison of ozurdex and triamcinolone acetonide for refractory cystoid macular edema in retinal vein occlusion, Retina, 35, 1393, 10.1097/IAE.0000000000000475

Jaffe, 2006, Fluocinolone acetonide implant (Retisert) for noninfectious posterior uveitis: thirty-four-week results of a multicenter randomized clinical study, Ophthalmology, 113, 1020, 10.1016/j.ophtha.2006.02.021

Goldstein, 2007, Intraocular pressure in patients with uveitis treated with fluocinolone acetonide implants, Arch Ophthalmol, 125, 1478, 10.1001/archopht.125.11.ecs70063

Multicenter Uveitis Steroid Treatment Trial Research Group, 2014, Cost-effectiveness of fluocinolone acetonide implant versus systemic therapy for noninfectious intermediate, posterior, and panuveitis, Ophthalmology, 121, 1855, 10.1016/j.ophtha.2014.04.022

Dev, 1999, Methotrexate treatment for sarcoid-associated panuveitis, Ophthalmology, 106, 111, 10.1016/S0161-6420(99)90011-8

Bhat, 2009, Mycophenolate mofetil therapy for sarcoidosis-associated uveitis, Ocul Immunol Inflamm, 17, 185, 10.1080/09273940902862992

Walton, 1998, Cyclosporine therapy for severe sight-threatening uveitis in children and adolescents, Ophthalmology, 105, 2028, 10.1016/S0161-6420(98)91120-4

Murphy, 2005, Cyclosporine vs tacrolimus therapy for posterior and intermediate uveitis, Arch Ophthalmol, 123, 634, 10.1001/archopht.123.5.634

Jabs, 2000, Guidelines for the use of immunosuppressive drugs in patients with ocular inflammatory disorders: recommendations of an expert panel, Am J Ophthalmol, 130, 492, 10.1016/S0002-9394(00)00659-0

Gangaputra, 2009, Methotrexate for ocular inflammatory diseases, Ophthalmology, 116, 2188, 10.1016/j.ophtha.2009.04.020

Daniel, 2010, Mycophenolate mofetil for ocular inflammation, Am J Ophthalmol, 149, 423, 10.1016/j.ajo.2009.09.026

Pasadhika, 2009, Azathioprine for ocular inflammatory diseases, Am J Ophthalmol, 148, 500, 10.1016/j.ajo.2009.05.008

Kacmaz, 2010, Cyclosporine for ocular inflammatory diseases, Ophthalmology, 117, 576, 10.1016/j.ophtha.2009.08.010

Jaffe GJ, Thorne JE, Scales D, et al. Adalimumab in patients with active, non-infectious uveitis requiring high-dose corticosteroids: the VISUAL-1 trial. ARVO 2015 Annual Meeting Abstracts by Scientific Section/Group - Immunology/Microbiology. Denver, May 3–7, 2015.

Suhler, 2005, A prospective trial of infliximab therapy for refractory uveitis: preliminary safety and efficacy outcomes, Arch Ophthalmol, 123, 903, 10.1001/archopht.123.7.903

Suhler, 2009, Infliximab therapy for refractory uveitis: 2-year results of a prospective trial, Arch Ophthalmol, 127, 819, 10.1001/archophthalmol.2009.141

Pritchard, 2004, Tumour necrosis factor alpha inhibitor treatment for sarcoidosis refractory to conventional treatments: a report of five patients, Ann Rheum Dis, 63, 318, 10.1136/ard.2002.004226

Doty, 2005, Treatment of sarcoidosis with infliximab, Chest, 127, 1064, 10.1378/chest.127.3.1064

Benitez-del-Castillo, 2005, Long-term treatment of refractory posterior uveitis with anti-TNFalpha (infliximab), Eye (Lond), 19, 841, 10.1038/sj.eye.6701689

Erckens, 2012, Adalimumab successful in sarcoidosis patients with refractory chronic non-infectious uveitis, Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 250, 713, 10.1007/s00417-011-1844-0

Suhler, 2013, Adalimumab therapy for refractory uveitis: results of a multicentre, open-label, prospective trial, Br J Ophthalmol, 97, 481, 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2012-302292

Smith, 2005, A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-masked clinical trial of etanercept for the treatment of uveitis associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis, Arthritis Rheum, 53, 18, 10.1002/art.20904

Baughman, 2005, Etanercept for refractory ocular sarcoidosis: results of a double-blind randomized trial, Chest, 128, 1062, 10.1016/S0012-3692(15)50471-6

William, 2012, Golimumab for the treatment of refractory juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated uveitis, J Ophthalmic Inflamm Infect, 2, 231, 10.1007/s12348-012-0081-y

Cordero-Coma, 2011, Golimumab for uveitis, Ophthalmology, 118, 1892.e3, 10.1016/j.ophtha.2011.05.019

Miserocchi, 2013, Golimumab treatment for complicated uveitis, Clin Exp Rheumatol, 31, 320

Calvo-Rio, 2014, Golimumab in uveitis previously treated with other anti-TNF-alpha drugs: a retrospective study of three cases from a single centre and literature review, Clin Exp Rheumatol, 32, 864

Cordero-Coma, 2014, Golimumab as rescue therapy for refractory immune-mediated uveitis: a three-center experience, Mediators Inflamm, 2014, 717598, 10.1155/2014/717598

Izzi, 2010, Pulmonary sarcoidosis in a patient with psoriatic arthritis during infliximab therapy, Dermatol Online J, 16, 16, 10.5070/D39JD8831C

Olivier, 2012, Pulmonary and renal involvement in a TNFalpha antagonist drug-induced sarcoidosis, Rev Med Interne, 33, e25, 10.1016/j.revmed.2011.03.336

Takahashi, 2010, Sarcoidosis during infliximab therapy for Crohn's disease, J Dermatol, 37, 471, 10.1111/j.1346-8138.2010.00861.x

Clementine, 2010, Tumor necrosis factor-alpha antagonist-induced sarcoidosis, J Clin Rheumatol, 16, 274, 10.1097/RHU.0b013e3181efa190

Daien, 2009, Sarcoid-like granulomatosis in patients treated with tumor necrosis factor blockers: 10 cases, Rheumatology (Oxford), 48, 883, 10.1093/rheumatology/kep046

Dhaille, 2010, Cutaneous sarcoidosis occurring during anti-TNF-alpha treatment: report of two cases, Dermatology, 220, 234, 10.1159/000275676

Metyas, 2009, Adalimumab-induced noncaseating granuloma in the bone marrow of a patient being treated for rheumatoid arthritis, Rheumatol Int, 29, 437, 10.1007/s00296-008-0691-8

Moisseiev, 2014, Certolizumab-induced uveitis: a case report and review of the literature, Case Rep Ophthalmol, 5, 54, 10.1159/000358324

Suhler, 2014, Rituximab therapy for refractory scleritis: results of a phase I/II dose-ranging, randomized, clinical trial, Ophthalmology, 121, 1885, 10.1016/j.ophtha.2014.04.044

Huddleston, 2014, Thalidomide for recalcitrant nodular scleritis in sarcoidosis, JAMA Ophthalmol, 132, 1377, 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2014.2420

Brownstein, 1990, Sarcoidosis of the eyelid skin, Can J Ophthalmol, 25, 256

Oh, 2008, Cyclosporine for conjunctival sarcoidosis, Ophthalmology, 115, 222, 10.1016/j.ophtha.2007.08.024

Akpek, 2003, Topical cyclosporin in the treatment of chronic sarcoidosis of the conjunctiva, Arch Ophthalmol, 121, 1333, 10.1001/archopht.121.9.1333

Pasadhika, 2008, Treatment of uveitic macular edema: an overview and update, Ophthalmol Int, 97

Cordero Coma, 2007, Intravitreal bevacizumab for treatment of uveitic macular edema, Ophthalmology, 114, 1574, 10.1016/j.ophtha.2006.11.028

Acharya, 2009, Ranibizumab for refractory uveitis-related macular edema, Am J Ophthalmol, 148, 303, 10.1016/j.ajo.2009.03.028

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Karma, 1988, Course and outcome of ocular sarcoidosis, Am J Ophthalmol, 106, 467, 10.1016/0002-9394(88)90885-9