Ocean Acidification: The Other CO2Problem

Annual Review of Marine Science - Tập 1 Số 1 - Trang 169-192 - 2009
Scott C. Doney1, Victoria J. Fabry2, Richard A. Feely3, Joan A. Kleypas4
1Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543
2Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, San Marcos, California 92096;
3Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, Washington 98115;
4Institute for the Study of Society and Environment, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado 80307;

Tóm tắt

Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), primarily from human fossil fuel combustion, reduces ocean pH and causes wholesale shifts in seawater carbonate chemistry. The process of ocean acidification is well documented in field data, and the rate will accelerate over this century unless future CO2emissions are curbed dramatically. Acidification alters seawater chemical speciation and biogeochemical cycles of many elements and compounds. One well-known effect is the lowering of calcium carbonate saturation states, which impacts shell-forming marine organisms from plankton to benthic molluscs, echinoderms, and corals. Many calcifying species exhibit reduced calcification and growth rates in laboratory experiments under high-CO2conditions. Ocean acidification also causes an increase in carbon fixation rates in some photosynthetic organisms (both calcifying and noncalcifying). The potential for marine organisms to adapt to increasing CO2and broader implications for ocean ecosystems are not well known; both are high priorities for future research. Although ocean pH has varied in the geological past, paleo-events may be only imperfect analogs to current conditions.

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Annual Review of Marine Science

Tập 1 Số 1

169-192

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