Occurrence and significance of gastric colonization during acid-inhibitory therapy

Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology - Tập 15 - Trang 511-521 - 2001
Craig Williams1
1Royal Alexandra Hospital, Paisley, PA2 9PN, Scotland, UK

Tài liệu tham khảo

Reilly, 1999, Safety profile of the proton pump inhibitors, American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, 56, S11, 10.1093/ajhp/56.suppl_4.S11 Howden, 1987, Relationship between gastric secretion and infection, Gut, 28, 96, 10.1136/gut.28.1.96 Dilworth, 1999, Problems of adverse pH and bacterial strategies to combat it, Novartis Foundation Symposium, 221, 14 Garrod, 1937, The susceptibility of different bacteria to destruction in the stomach, Journal of Pathology and Bacteriology, 45, 473 Lin, 1995, Comparative analysis of extreme acid survival in Salmonella typhimurium, Shigella flexneri, andEscherichia coli, Journal of Bacteriology, 177, 4097, 10.1128/jb.177.14.4097-4104.1995 Gahan, 1999, The relationship between acid stress responses and virulence in Salmonella typhimurium and Listeria monocytogenes, International Journal of Food Microbiology, 50, 93, 10.1016/S0168-1605(99)00079-3 Bang, 2000, OmpR regulates the stationary-phase acid tolerance response of Salmonella enteritica serovar typhimurium, Journal of Bacteriology, 182, 2245, 10.1128/JB.182.8.2245-2252.2000 Young, 1996, A bifunctional urease enhances survival of pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica and Morganella morganii at low pH, Journal of Bacteriology, 178, 6487, 10.1128/jb.178.22.6487-6495.1996 Marshall, 1990, Urea protects Helicobacter pylori from the bacteriocidal effect of acid, Gastroenterology, 99, 679, 10.1016/0016-5085(90)90957-3 Collins, 1972, Salmonellosis in orally infected specific pathogen-free C57B1 mice, Infection and Immunity, 5, 191, 10.1128/IAI.5.2.191-198.1972 Glupczynski, 1996, Prolonged gastric acid suppression therapy: a significant risk factor for Listeria monocytogenes infection?, European Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 8, 1063, 10.1097/00042737-199611000-00006 Toeg, 1990, Vibrio cholera bacteraemia associated with gastrectomy, Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 28, 603, 10.1128/JCM.28.3.603-604.1990 Amin, 1979, Giardiasis: a common cause of diarrheal disease, Postgraduate Medicine, 66, 151, 10.1080/00325481.1979.11715301 Gray, 1967, Influence of gastric pH on gastric and duodenal flora, Gut, 8, 574, 10.1136/gut.8.6.574 Gianella, 1972, Gastric acid barrier to ingested microorganisms in man: studies in vivo and in vitro, Gut, 13, 251, 10.1136/gut.13.4.251 Theisen, J, Nehra, D, Citron, D, Suppression of gastric acid secretion in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease results in gastric bacterial overgrowth and deconjugation of bile acids, Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery, 4, 50, 54 Dellipiani, 1964, Bacterial changes in the small intestine in malabsorptive states and in pernicious anaemia, Clinical Science, 26, 359 Borrelio, 1985, Microbial and metabolic profile of the achlorhydric stomach: comparison of pernicious anaemia and hypogammaglobulinaemia, Journal of Clinical Pathology, 38, 946, 10.1136/jcp.38.8.946 Labenz, 1996, Helicobacter pylori augments the pH increasing effect of omeprazole in patients with duodenal ulcer, Gastroenterology, 110, 725, 10.1053/gast.1996.v110.pm8608881 Martinek, 1999, Effects of pumaprazole (BY841), a novel reversible proton pump antagonist and of omeprazole, on intragastric acidity before and after cure of Helicobacter pylori infection, Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 13, 27, 10.1046/j.1365-2036.1999.00440.x Mowat, 2000, Omeprazole, Helicobacter pylori status and alterations in the intragastric milieu facilitating bacterialN -nitrosation, Gastroenterology, 119, 339, 10.1053/gast.2000.9367 Namekata, 2000, Chronic atrophic gastritis and Helicobacter pylori infection among Japanese Americans in Seattle, American Journal of Epidemiology, 151, 820, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a010282 Hsing, 1993, Pernicious anaemia and subsequent cancer. A population based cohort study, Cancer, 71, 745, 10.1002/1097-0142(19930201)71:3<745::AID-CNCR2820710316>3.0.CO;2-1 Lundegardh, 1988, Stomach cancer after partial gastrectomy for benign ulcer disease, New England Journal of Medicine, 319, 195, 10.1056/NEJM198807283190402 McColl, 2000, Omeprazole and accelerated onset of atrophic gastritis, Gastroenterology, 118, 239, 10.1016/S0016-5085(00)70444-6 Correa, 1992, Human gastric carcinogenesis: a multistep and multifactorial process. First American Cancer Society award lecture on cancer epidemiology and prevention, Cancer Research, 52, 6735 Ysart, 1999, Dietary exposures to nitrate in the UK, Food Additives and Contaminants, 12, 521, 10.1080/026520399283669 Meah, 1994, Nitrate and nitrite in foods and in the diet, Food Additives and Contaminants, 11, 519, 10.1080/02652039409374250 Correa, 1970, Carcinoma and intestinal metaplasia of the stomach in Columbian migrants, Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 44, 297 Tannenbaum, 1979, Gastric cancer in Columbia: nitrite and other ions in gastric contents of residents from a high risk region, Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 62, 9 Chen, 1990, Risk factors for gastric pre-cancerous lesions in a high risk Columbian population: nitrate and nitrite, Nutrition in Cancer, 13, 67, 10.1080/01635589009514046 Lundberg, 1994, Intragastric nitric oxide production in humans: measurements in expelled air, Gut, 35, 1543, 10.1136/gut.35.11.1543 Mowat, 1999, Omeprazole and dietary nitrate independently affect levels of vitamin C and nitrite in gastric juice, Gastroenterology, 116, 813, 10.1016/S0016-5085(99)70064-8 McKnight, 1997, Chemical synthesis of nitric oxide in the stomach from dietary nitrate in humans, Gut, 40, 211, 10.1136/gut.40.2.211 Forsythe, 1988, Nitrate- and nitrite-reducing bacteria in the achlorhydric stomach, Journal of Medical Microbiology, 25, 253, 10.1099/00222615-25-4-253 Forsythe, 1987, Nitrite accumulation during anaerobic nitrate reduction by binary suspensions of bacteria isolated from the achlorhydric stomach, Journal of General Microbiology, 133, 1845 Hecht, 1997, Approaches to cancer prevention based on an understanding of N-nitrosamine carcinogenesis, Proceedings of the Society of Experimental Biology and Medicine, 216, 181, 10.3181/00379727-216-44168 Leaf, 1989, Mechanisms of endogenous nitrosation, Cancer Surveys, 8, 323 Ohshima, 1981, Quantitative estimation of endogenous nitrosation in humans by monitoring N -nitrosoproline excreted in the urine, Cancer Research, 41, 3658 Dallinga, 1998, Volatile N -nitrosamines in gastric juice of patients with various conditions of the gastrointestinal tract determined by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and related to intragastric pH and nitrate and nitrite levels, Cancer Letters, 124, 119, 10.1016/S0304-3835(97)00467-9 Ziebarth, 1997, N -nitrosation of medicinal drugs catalysed by bacteria from human saliva and gastrointestinal tract includingHelicobacter pylori, Carcinogenesis, 18, 383, 10.1093/carcin/18.2.383 Drasar, 1969, The bacterial flora of the gastrointestinal tract in healthy and achlorhydric patients, Gastroenterology, 56, 71, 10.1016/S0016-5085(69)80067-3 Holt, 1992, Clinical significance of bacterial overgrowth in elderly people, Age and Ageing, 21, 1, 10.1093/ageing/21.1.1 Kirsch, 1990, Bacterial overgrowth, American Journal of Gastroenterology, 85, 231 Isaacs, 1979, The contaminated small bowel syndrome, American Journal of Medicine, 67, 1049, 10.1016/0002-9343(79)90647-8 Shearer, 1974, Studies on the absorption and metabolism of phylloquinone (vitamin K1) in man, Vitamins and Hormones, 32, 513, 10.1016/S0083-6729(08)60025-4 Bourne, 1984, Twice daily cimetidine does not increase gastric bacterial flora, Postgraduate Medical Journal, 60, 464, 10.1136/pgmj.60.705.464 Armbrecht, 1987, Hydrogen (H2) breath excretion in peptic disease before and during treatment with ranitidine, Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 22, 1211, 10.3109/00365528708996466 Corazza, 1990, The diagnosis of small bowel bacterial overgrowth, Gastroenterology, 98, 302, 10.1016/0016-5085(90)90818-L Ruddell, 1980, Severe diarrhoea due to small intestinal colonisation during cimetidine therapy, British Medical Journal, 3, 273, 10.1136/bmj.281.6235.273 Saltzman, 1994, Bacterial overgrowth without clinical malabsorption in elderly hypochlorhydric patients, Gastroenterology, 106, 615, 10.1016/0016-5085(94)90693-9 Fried, 1994, Duodenal bacterial overgrowth during treatment in outpatients with omeprazole, Gut, 35, 23, 10.1136/gut.35.1.23 Holt, 1989, Causes and consequences of hypochlorhydria in the elderly, Digestive Diseases and Sciences, 34, 933, 10.1007/BF01540281 Pereira, 1998, Drug-induced hypochlorhydria causes high duodenal bacterial counts in the elderly, Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 12, 99, 10.1046/j.1365-2036.1998.00275.x Bishop, 1960, Bacterial flora of the intestine in acute intestinal obstruction, British Medical Journal, i, 766, 10.1136/bmj.1.5175.766 Schenk, 1999, Atrophic gastritis during long-term omeprazole therapy affects serum vitamin B12 levels, Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 13, 1343, 10.1046/j.1365-2036.1999.00616.x Paiva, 1998, Interaction between vitamin K nutriture and bacterial overgrowth in hypochlorhydria induced by omeprazole, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 68, 699, 10.1093/ajcn/68.3.699 Laine, 2000, Potential gastrointestinal effects of long-term acid suppression with proton pump inhibitors, Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 14, 651, 10.1046/j.1365-2036.2000.00768.x Hewetson, 1904, The bacteriology of certain parts of the human alimentary canal and of inflammatory processes arising therefrom, British Medical Journal, 1457, 10.1136/bmj.2.2291.1457 Hurst, 1934, The clinical importance of achlorhydria, British Medical Journal, 665, 10.1136/bmj.2.3849.665 Waddell, 1956, Association of salmonella enteritis with operation on the stomach, New England Journal of Medicine, 255, 555, 10.1056/NEJM195609202551203 Gianella, 1971, Salmonella enteritis. I. Role of reduced gastric secretion in pathogenesis, American Journal of Digestive Diseases, 26, 1000 DuPont, 1972, Immunity in Shigellosis. I. Response of man to attenuated strains of Shigella, Journal of Infectious Disease, 125, 5, 10.1093/infdis/125.1.5 Sack, 1969, Experimental canine cholera. I. Development of the model, Journal of Infectious Disease, 119, 138, 10.1093/infdis/119.2.138 Hornick, 1971, The Broad Street pump revisited: response of volunteers to ingested cholera vibrios, Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine, 10, 1181 Gitelson, 1971, Gastrectomy, achlorhydria and cholera, Israeli Journal of Medical Science, 5, 663 Shahinian, 2000, Helicobacter pylori and epidemic Vibrio cholera 01 infection in Peru, Lancet, 355, 377, 10.1016/S0140-6736(99)05143-0 Ruddell, 1980, Effect of cimetidine on the gastric bacterial flora, Lancet, i, 672, 10.1016/S0140-6736(80)92826-3 Reed, 1981, Effect of cimetidine on gastric juice N-nitrosamine concentration, Lancet, ii, 553, 10.1016/S0140-6736(81)90940-5 Stockbrugger, 1982, Intragastric nitrites, nitrosamines and bacterial overgrowth during cimetidine treatment, Gut, 12, 1048, 10.1136/gut.23.12.1048 Snepar, 1982, Effect of cimetidine and antacid on gastric microbiological flora, Infection and Immunity, 36, 518, 10.1128/IAI.36.2.518-524.1982 C Milton-Thomson, 1982, Intragastric acidity, bacteria, nitrate, and N-nitroso compounds before, during and after cimctidine treatment, Lancet, 1, 1091, 10.1016/S0140-6736(82)92277-2 Garcia del Risco, 1984, Influence of ranitidine during a 24-hour period on the level of nitrates, nitrates, nirosamines and bacterial flora in the gastric juice of healthy subjects, Gastroenterology and Clinical Biology, 8, 749 Sharma, 1984, Intragastric bacterial activity and nitrosation before, during and after treatment with omeprazole, British Medical Journal, 289, 717, 10.1136/bmj.289.6447.717 Verdu, 1994, Effect of omeprazole on intragastric bacterial counts, nitrates, nitrites and N-nitroso compounds, Gut, 35, 455, 10.1136/gut.35.4.455 Thorens, 1996, Bacterial overgrowth during treatment with omeprazole compared with cimetidine: a prospective randomised double blind study, Gut, 39, 54, 10.1136/gut.39.1.54 Shindo, 1996, Alteration of bile acid metabolism by cimetidine in healthy humans, Journal of Investigative Medicine, 8, 462 Viani, 2000, The effect of intra-gastric acidity and flora on the concentration of N -nitroso compounds in the stomach, European Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 12, 165, 10.1097/00042737-200012020-00006 Mills, 1976, N -nitrosamine formation by cultures of several microorganisms, Applied Environmental Microbiology, 31, 892, 10.1128/AEM.31.6.892-895.1976 Suzuki, 1984, N -nitrosamine formation by intestinal bacteria, IARC Science Publications, 57, 275 Calmels, 1985, Screening of microorganisms for nitrosation catalysis at pH 7 and kinetic studies on nitrosamine formation from secondary amines by E. coli strains, Carcinogenesis, 6, 911, 10.1093/carcin/6.6.911 Calmels, 1988, Nitrosamine formation by denitrifying and non-denitrifying bacteria: implication of nitrite reductase and nitrate reductase in nitrosation catalysis, Journal of General Microbiology, 134, 221 Calmels, 1990, Isolation of an enzyme catalysing nitrosamine formation in Ps aeruginosa and Neisseria mucosae, Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 171, 655, 10.1016/0006-291X(90)91196-Y