Occurrence and risk assessment of typical PPCPs and biodegradation pathway of ribavirin in wastewater treatment plants

Rajapaksha, 2019, Sorptive removal of pharmaceutical and personal care products from water and wastewater, 213 Liu, 2015, Biocides in the Yangtze River of China: spatiotemporal distribution, mass load and risk assessment, Environ. Pollut., 200, 53, 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.02.013 Liu, 2019, A review on removing antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes from wastewater by constructed wetlands: performance and microbial response, Environ. Pollut., 254, 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.112996 Chen, 2014, Triclosan as a surrogate for household biocides: an investigation into biocides in aquatic environments of a highly urbanized region, Water Res., 58, 269, 10.1016/j.watres.2014.03.072 Wick, 2010, Comparison of electrospray ionization and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization for multi-residue analysis of biocides, UV-filters and benzothiazoles in aqueous matrices and activated sludge by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, J. Chromatogr. A, 1217, 2088, 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.01.079 Ternes, 2004, Scrutinizing pharmaceuticals and personal care products in wastewater treatment, Environ. Sci. Technol., 38, 392A, 10.1021/es040639t Li, 2016, Removal of polycyclic synthetic musks and antineoplastic drugs in ozonated wastewater: quantitation based on the data of differential spectroscopy, J. Hazard Mater., 304, 242, 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.10.035 Rout, 2021, Treatment technologies for emerging contaminants in wastewater treatment plants: a review, Sci. Total Environ., 753, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141990 Liu, 2017, Biocides in wastewater treatment plants: mass balance analysis and pollution load estimation, J. Hazard Mater., 329, 310, 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.01.057 Li, 2020, Validation of sampling techniques and SPE-UPLC/MS/MS for home and personal care chemicals in the Songhua Catchment, Northeast China, Sci. Total Environ., 707, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136038 Carmona, 2014, Occurrence of acidic pharmaceuticals and personal care products in Turia River Basin: from waste to drinking water, Sci. Total Environ., 484, 53, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.02.085 Liu, 2019, Occurrence and health risk assessment of pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) in tap water of Shanghai, Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf., 183, 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109497 Hamid, 2021, Chronic exposure to PPCPs mixture at environmentally relevant concentrations (ERCs) altered carbohydrate and lipid metabolism through gut and liver toxicity in zebrafish, Environ. Pollut., 273, 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116494 Richter, 2013, Ecotoxicity of climbazole, a fungicide contained in antidandruff shampoo, Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 32, 2816, 10.1002/etc.2367 Liu, 2021, Transformation of antiviral ribavirin during ozone/PMS intensified disinfection amid COVID-19 pandemic, Sci. Total Environ., 790, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148030 Gong, 2021, A retrospective analysis of clinical efficacy of ribavirin in adults hospitalized with severe COVID-19, J. Infect. Chemother., 27, 876, 10.1016/j.jiac.2021.02.018 Omrani, 2014, Ribavirin and interferon alfa-2a for severe Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection: a retrospective cohort study, Lancet Infect. Dis., 14, 1090, 10.1016/S1473-3099(14)70920-X Kuroda, 2021, Predicted occurrence, ecotoxicological risk and environmentally acquired resistance of antiviral drugs associated with COVID-19 in environmental waters, Sci. Total Environ., 776, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145740 Chen, 2021, Occurrence and risk assessment of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) against COVID-19 in lakes and WWTP-river-estuary system in Wuhan, China, Sci. Total Environ., 792, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148352 Ye, 2020, Inhibition of cardiomyocyte differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells by Ribavirin: implication for its cardiac developmental toxicity, Toxicology, 435, 10.1016/j.tox.2020.152422 Archer, 2017, The fate of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), endocrine disrupting contaminants (EDCs), metabolites and illicit drugs in a WWTW and environmental waters, Chemosphere, 174, 437, 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.01.101 Ramin, 2016, Transformation and sorption of illicit drug biomarkers in sewer systems: understanding the role of suspended solids in raw wastewater, Environ. Sci. Technol., 50, 13397, 10.1021/acs.est.6b03049 Hernando, 2006, Environmental risk assessment of pharmaceutical residues in wastewater effluents, surface waters and sediments, Talanta, 69, 334, 10.1016/j.talanta.2005.09.037 Kumari, 2021, Can pharmaceutical drugs used to treat Covid-19 infection leads to human health risk? A hypothetical study to identify potential risk, Sci. Total Environ., 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146303 Chen, 2012, Determination of biocides in different environmental matrices by use of ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 404, 3175, 10.1007/s00216-012-6444-2 Ren, 2021, Comprehensive evaluation of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in urban sewers: degradation, intermediate products and environmental risk, Chem. Eng. J., 404, 10.1016/j.cej.2020.127024 Heidler, 2008, Meta-analysis of mass balances examining chemical fate during wastewater treatment, Environ. Sci. Technol., 42, 6324, 10.1021/es703008y 2003 Orias, 2013, Characterisation of the ecotoxicity of hospital effluents: a review, Sci. Total Environ., 454–455, 250, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.02.064 Agerstrand, 2010, Evaluation of the accuracy and consistency of the Swedish environmental classification and information system for pharmaceuticals, Sci. Total Environ., 408, 2327, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.02.020 Comber, 2018, Active pharmaceutical ingredients entering the aquatic environment from wastewater treatment works: a cause for concern?, Sci. Total Environ., 613–614, 538, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.101 Reichert, 2019, Antipsychotic drugs in hospital wastewater and a preliminary risk assessment, Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf., 170, 559, 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.12.021 Golovko, 2021, Occurrence and removal of chemicals of emerging concern in wastewater treatment plants and their impact on receiving water systems, Sci. Total Environ., 754, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142122 Gracia-Lor, 2012, Occurrence and removal of pharmaceuticals in wastewater treatment plants at the Spanish Mediterranean area of Valencia, Chemosphere, 87, 453, 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.12.025 Ternes, 2004, A rapid method to measure the solid-water distribution coefficient (Kd) for pharmaceuticals and musk fragrances in sewage sludge, Water Res., 38, 4075, 10.1016/j.watres.2004.07.015 Chen, 1994, Microbial transformation of Ibuprofen by a nocardia species, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 60, 1292, 10.1128/aem.60.4.1292-1296.1994 Murdoch, 2005, Formation of catechols via removal of acid side chains from ibuprofen and related aromatic acids, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 71, 6121, 10.1128/AEM.71.10.6121-6125.2005 Ao, 2021, Peracetic acid-based advanced oxidation processes for decontamination and disinfection of water: a review, Water Res., 188, 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116479 Jelic, 2011, Occurrence, partition and removal of pharmaceuticals in sewage water and sludge during wastewater treatment, Water Res., 45, 1165, 10.1016/j.watres.2010.11.010 Ort, 2010, Sampling for pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) and illicit drugs in wastewater systems: are your conclusions valid? A critical review, Environ. Sci. Technol., 44, 6024, 10.1021/es100779n He, 2021, Interaction and removal of oxytetracycline with aerobic granular sludge, Bioresour. Technol., 320, 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124358 Elias, 2018, Oxidative degradation of ranitidine by UV and ultrasound: identification of transformation products using LC-Q-ToF-MS, Environ. Chem., 16 Hedgespeth, 2012, Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in treated wastewater discharges into Charleston Harbor, South Carolina, Sci. Total Environ., 437, 1, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.07.076 Vieno, 2005, Seasonal variation in the occurrence of pharmaceuticals in effluents from a sewage treatment plant and in the recipient water, Environ. Sci. Technol., 39, 8220, 10.1021/es051124k Ferguson, 2013, Detection of Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in near-shore habitats of southern Lake Michigan, Sci. Total Environ., 458–460, 187, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.04.024 Hijosa-Valsero, 2010, Assessment of full-scale natural systems for the removal of PPCPs from wastewater in small communities, Water Res., 44, 1429, 10.1016/j.watres.2009.10.032 Yang, 2012, Removal of selected endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) during ferrate(VI) treatment of secondary wastewater effluents, Water Res., 46, 2194, 10.1016/j.watres.2012.01.047 Nakada, 2007, Removal of selected pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) and endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) during sand filtration and ozonation at a municipal sewage treatment plant, Water Res., 41, 4373, 10.1016/j.watres.2007.06.038 Zhang, 2020, Deep-level nutrient removal and denitrifying phosphorus removal (DPR) potential assessment in a continuous two-sludge system treating low-strength wastewater: the transition from nitration to nitritation, Sci. Total Environ., 744, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140940 Young, 2017, Low temperature MBBR nitrification: microbiome analysis, Water Res., 111, 224, 10.1016/j.watres.2016.12.050 Zhang, 2019, Operational optimization of a three-stage nitrification moving bed biofilm reactor (NMBBR) by obtaining enriched nitrifying bacteria: nitrifying performance, microbial community, and kinetic parameters, Sci. Total Environ., 697, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134101 Tiwari, 2017, Review on fate and mechanism of removal of pharmaceutical pollutants from wastewater using biological approach, Bioresour. Technol., 224, 1, 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.11.042 Seck, 2021, Triazole, imidazole, and thiazole-based compounds as potential agents against coronavirus, Results in Chemistry, 3, 10.1016/j.rechem.2021.100132 Rivas, 2020, Galactose-derived poly(amide-triazole)s. Degradation, deprotection and derivatization studies, Eur. Polym. J., 130, 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.109653 Lin, 2003, Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of [(14)C]ribavirin in rats and cynomolgus monkeys, Antimicrob. Agents Chem., 47, 1395, 10.1128/AAC.47.4.1395-1398.2003 Chen, 2015, Identification of Triclosan-O-Sulfate and other transformation products of Triclosan formed by activated sludge, Sci. Total Environ., 505, 39, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.09.077 Wu, 2003, Ribavirin, viramidine and adenosine-deaminase-catalysed drug activation: implication for nucleoside prodrug design, J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 52, 543, 10.1093/jac/dkg405 Wu, 2005, Phosphorylation of ribavirin and viramidine by adenosine kinase and cytosolic 5′-nucleotidase II: implications for ribavirin metabolism in erythrocytes, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 49, 2164, 10.1128/AAC.49.6.2164-2171.2005 Wu, 2003, Activation and deactivation of a broad-spectrum antiviral drug by a single enzyme: adenosine deaminase catalyzes two consecutive deamination reactions, Antimicrob. Agents Chem., 47, 426, 10.1128/AAC.47.1.426-431.2003 Miller, 2010, The relationship between the metabolism of ribavirin and its proposed mechanism of action, Ann. Ny. Acad. Sci., 284, 211, 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1977.tb21953.x Helbling, 2010, High-throughput identification of microbial transformation products of organic micropollutants, Environ. Sci. Technol., 44, 6621, 10.1021/es100970m Phale, 1995, A pathway for biodegradation of 1-naphthoic acid by Pseudomonas maltophilia CSV89, Arch. Microbiol., 163, 42, 10.1007/BF00262202 Selifonov, 1992, Microbial oxidation of adamantanone by Pseudomonas putida carrying the camphor catabolic plasmid, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 186, 1429, 10.1016/S0006-291X(05)81566-9 Ashfaq, 2017, Occurrence, fate, and mass balance of different classes of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in an anaerobic-anoxic-oxic wastewater treatment plant in Xiamen, China, Water Res., 123, 655, 10.1016/j.watres.2017.07.014 Yuan, 2020, Occurrence, fate, and mass balance of selected pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) in an urbanized river, Environ. Pollut., 266, 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115340 Yang, 2011, Occurrence and removal of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in an advanced wastewater reclamation plant, Water Res., 45, 5218, 10.1016/j.watres.2011.07.026 Kabir, 2021, Management of COVID-19: current status and future prospects, Microb. Infect., 23, 10.1016/j.micinf.2021.104832 Xia, 2017, Effects of ibuprofen, diclofenac and paracetamol on hatch and motor behavior in developing zebrafish (Danio rerio), Chemosphere, 182, 416, 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.05.054 Xie, 2019, Pharmaceuticals and personal care products in water, sediments, aquatic organisms, and fish feeds in the Pearl River Delta: occurrence, distribution, potential sources, and health risk assessment, Sci. Total Environ., 659, 230, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.222 Awad, 2016, Sulphamethazine in poultry manure changes carbon and nitrogen mineralisation in soils, Chem. Ecol., 32, 899, 10.1080/02757540.2016.1216104