Occurrence and hydrogeochemistry of fluoride in alluvial aquifer of Weihe River, China

APHA (2005) Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater (21st edition). American Public Health Association, Washington

Arif M, Hussain I, Hussain J, Sharma S, Kumar S (2012) Fluoride in the drinking water of Nagaur Tehsil of Nagaur district, Rajasthan, India. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 88:870–875. doi: 10.1007/s00128-012-0572-4

Ayenew T (2008) The distribution and hydrogeological controls of fluoride in the groundwater of central Ethiopian rift and adjacent highlands. Environ Geol 54:1313–1324. doi: 10.1007/s00254-007-0914-4

Battaleb-Looie S, Moore F, Jafari H, Jacks G, Ozsvath D (2012a) Hydrogeochemical evolution of groundwaters with excess fluoride concentrations from Dashtestan, South of Iran. Environ Earth Sci 67:1173–1182. doi: 10.1007/s12665-012-1560-z

Battaleb-Looie S, Moore F, Jacks G, Ketabdari MR (2012b) Geological sources of fluoride and acceptable intake of fluoride in an endemic fluorosis area, southern Iran. Environ Geochem Health 34:641–650. doi: 10.1007/s10653-012-9451-5

Chae GT, Yun ST, Mayer B, Kim KH, Kim SY, Kwon JS, Kim K, Koh YK (2007) Fluorine geochemistry in bedrock groundwater of South Korea. Sci Total Environ 385:272–283. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.06.038

Chidambaram S, Prasad MBK, Manivannan R, Karmegam U, Singaraja C, Anandhan P, Prasanna MV, Manikandan S (2013) Environmental hydrogeochemistry and genesis of fluoride in groundwaters of Dindigul district, Tamilnadu (India). Environ Earth Sci 68:333–342. doi: 10.1007/s12665-012-1741-9

Dar MA, Sankar K, Dar IA (2011) Fluorine contamination in groundwater: a major challenge. Environ Monit Assess 173:955–968. doi: 10.1007/s10661-010-1437-0

De Souza CFM, Lima JF Jr, Adriano MSPF, De Carvalho FG, Forte FDS, De Farias Oliveira R, Silva AP, Sampaio FC (2012) Assessment of groundwater quality in a region of endemic fluorosis in the northeast of Brazil. Environ Monit Assess. doi: 10.1007/s10661-012-2900-x (online first)

Durov SA (1948) Classification of natural waters and graphic presentation of their composition. Dokl Akad Nauk SSSR 59(1):87–90

Fordyce FM, Vrana K, Zhovinsky E, Povoroznuk V, Toth G, Hope BC, Iljinsky U, Baker J (2007) A health risk assessment for fluoride in Central Europe. Environ Geochem Health 29:83–102. doi: 10.1007/s10653-006-9076-7

Furi W, Razack M, Abiye TA, Ayenew T, Legesse D (2011) Fluoride enrichment mechanism and geospatial distribution in the volcanic aquifers of the Middle Awash basin, northern Main Ethiopian rift. J Afr Earth Sci 60:315–327. doi: 10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2011.03.004

Gao XB, Wang YX, Li YL, Guo QH (2007) Enrichment of fluoride in groundwater under the impact of saline water intrusion at the salt lake area of Yuncheng basin, northern China. Environ Geol 53:795–803. doi: 10.1007/s00254-007-0692-z

Gbadebo AM (2012) Groundwater fluoride and dental fluorosis in southwestern Nigeria. Environ Geochem Health 34:597–604. doi: 10.1007/s10653-012-9455-1

Ghosh A, Mukherjee K, Ghosh SK, Saha B (2012) Sources and toxicity of fluoride in the environment. Res Chem Intermed. doi: 10.1007/s11164-012-0841-1 (online first)

Greta E, Dai SF, Li X (2013) Fluorine in Bulgarian coals. Int J Coal Geol 105:16–23. doi: 10.1016/j.coal.2012.11.011

Guo QH, Wang YX, Ma T, Ma R (2007) Geochemical processes controlling the elevated fluoride concentrations in groundwaters of the Taiyuan Basin, northern China. J Geochem Explor 93:1–12. doi: 10.1016/j.gexplo.2006.07.001

Guo QH, Wang YX, Guo QS (2010) Hydrogeochemical genesis of groundwaters with abnormal fluoride concentrations from Zhongxiang City, Hubei Province, central China. Environ Earth Sci 60:633–642. doi: 10.1007/s12665-009-0203-5

Harrison PTC (2005) Fluoride in water: a UK perspective. J Fluor Chem 126(11–12):1448–1456. doi: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2005.09.009

Hudak PF (2009) Elevated fluoride and selenium in West Texas groundwater. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 82:39–42. doi: 10.1007/s00128-008-9583-6

Kantharaja DC, Lakkundi TK, Basavanna M, Manjappa S (2012) Spatial analysis of fluoride concentration in groundwaters of Shivani watershed area, Karnataka state, South India, through geospatial information system. Environ Earth Sci 65:67–76. doi: 10.1007/s12665-011-1065-1

Kim Y, Kim JY, Kim K (2011) Geochemical characteristics of fluoride in groundwater of Gimcheon, Korea: lithogenic and agricultural origins. Environ Earth Sci 63:1139–1148. doi: 10.1007/s12665-010-0789-7

Kumar N (2011) Variation of fluoride and correlation with alkalinity in groundwater of shallow and deep aquifers. Int J Environ Sci 1(5):884–890

Li PY, Qian H (2010) Spatial variability of fluorion in drinking groundwater and its relationship with geologic environment in Pengyang County. J Water Resour Water Eng 21(2):33–38 (in Chinese)

Li PY, Qian H (2013) Hydrogeochemical evaluation of the groundwater sustainability in and around Weishui campus of Chang’an University, Xi’an, China. In: Bharti PK, Gajananda K (eds) Environmental health and problems. Discovery Publishing House, New Delhi

Li PY, Qian H, Wu JH, Ding J (2010) Geochemical modeling of groundwater in southern plain area of Pengyang County, Ningxia, China. Water Sci Eng 3(3):282–291. doi: 10.3882/j.issn.1674-2370.2010.03.004

Li PY, Qian H, Wu JH (2011) Hydrochemical characteristics and evolution laws of drinking groundwater in Pengyang County, Ningxia, Northwest China. E-J Chem 8(2):565–575. doi: 10.1155/2011/472085

Li PY, Wu JH, Qian H (2012) Assessment of groundwater quality for irrigation purposes and identification of hydrogeochemical evolution mechanisms in Pengyang County, China. Environ Earth Sci. doi: 10.1007/s12665-012-2049-5 (online first)

Meenakshi, Maheshwari RC (2006) Fluoride in drinking water and its removal. J Hazard Mater B137:456–463. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.02.024

Ministry of Health of the PRC, Standardization Administration of the PRC (2006) Standards for drinking water quality (GB 5749-2006). China Standard Press, Beijing (in Chinese)

Ozsvath DL (2009) Fluoride and environmental health: a review. Rev Environ Sci Biotechnol 8:59–79. doi: 10.1007/s11157-008-9136-9

Padhi S, Muralidharan D (2012) Fluoride occurrence and mobilization in geo-environment of semi-arid Granite watershed in southern peninsular India. Environ Earth Sci 66:471–479. doi: 10.1007/s12665-011-1255-x

Parkhurst DL, Appelo CAJ (1999) User’s guide to PHREEQC (Version 2)-a computer program for speciation, batch-reaction, one-dimensional transport, and inverse geochemical calculations. US Geological Survey Earth Science Information Center, Denver

Piper AM (1953) A graphic procedure in the geochemical interpretation of water analysis. United States Geological Survey, Washington DC

Pontigo-Loyola AP, Medina-Solis CE, Borges-Yañez SA, Patiño-Marín N, Islas-Márquez A, Maupome G (2007) Prevalence and severity of dental caries in adolescents aged 12 and 15 living in communities with various fluoride concentrations. J Public Health Dent 67(1):8–13. doi: 10.1111/j.1752-7325.2007.00001.x

Qian H, Zhang YQ, Yang SK, Sun YQ (2005) Feasibility of construction of emergency water supply well in Weishui Campus of Chang’an University. Chang’an University, Xi’an (in Chinese)

Rafique T, Naseem S, Usmani TH, Bashir E, Khan FA, Bhanger MI (2009) Geochemical factors controlling the occurrence of high fluoride groundwater in the Nagar Parkar area, Sindh, Pakistan. J Hazard Mater 171:424–430. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.06.018

Raju NJ, Dey S, Das K (2009) Fluoride contamination in groundwaters of Sonbhadra District, Uttar Pradesh, India. Curr Sci 96(7):979–985

Richards LA, Richards BS, Rossiter HMA, Schäfer AI (2009) Impact of speciation on fluoride, arsenic and magnesium retention by nanofiltration/reverse osmosis in remote Australian communities. Desalination 248:177–183. doi: 10.1016/j.desal.2008.05.054

Rosso JJ, Puntoriero ML, Troncoso JJ, Volpedo AV, Cirelli AF (2011) Occurrence of fluoride in arsenic-rich surface waters: a case study in the Pampa Plain, Argentina. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 87:409–413. doi: 10.1007/s00128-011-0358-0

Shyam R, Kalwania GS (2012) Health risk assessment of fluoride with other parameters in ground water of Sikar city (India). Environ Earth Sci 65:1275–1282. doi: 10.1007/s12665-011-1375-3

Singh CK, Rina K, Singh RP, Shashtri S, Kamal V, Mukherjee S (2011) Geochemical modeling of high fluoride concentration in groundwater of Pokhran area of Rajasthan, India. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 86:152–158. doi: 10.1007/s00128-011-0192-4

Sivasankar V, Ramachandramoorthy T (2011) Fluoride in groundwater and dental fluorosis in Rameswaram Area, Tamil Nadu, southern India. J Environ Anal Toxicol 1(3):110–115. doi: 10.4172/2161-0525.1000110

Subba Rao N (2011) High-fluoride groundwater. Environ Monit Assess 176:637–645. doi: 10.1007/s10661-010-1609-y

Valenzuela-Vásquez L, Ramírez-Hernández J, Reyes-López J, Sol-Uribe A, Lázaro-Mancilla O (2006) The origin of fluoride in groundwater supply to Hermosillo City, Sonora, México. Environ Geol 51:17–27. doi: 10.1007/s00254-006-0300-7

Van Steenbergen F, Haimanot RT, Sidelil A (2011) High fluoride, modest fluorosis: investigation in drinking water supply in Halaba (SNNPR, Ethiopia). J Water Resour Prot 3:120–126. doi: 10.4236/jwarp.2011.32014

Vikas C, Kushwaha RK, Pandit MK (2009) Hydrochemical status of groundwater in district Ajmer (NW India) with reference to fluoride distribution. J Geol Soc India 73:773–784. doi: 10.1007/s12594-009-0062-4

Vikas C, Kushwaha R, Ahmad W, Prasannakumar V, Reghunath R (2013) Genesis and geochemistry of high fluoride bearing groundwater from a semi-arid terrain of NW India. Environ Earth Sci 68:289–305. doi: 10.1007/s12665-012-1739-3

World Health Organization (WHO) (2011) Guidelines for drinking-water quality, 4th edn. http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2011/9789241548151_eng.pdf . Accessed 24 Jan 2013

Wu JH, Li PY, Qian H (2012) Study on the hydrogeochemistry and non-carcinogenic health risk induced by fluoride in Pengyang County, China. Int J Environ Sci 2(3):1127–1134. doi: 10.6088/ijes.00202030001