Occupational exposure to PCBs reduces striatal dopamine transporter densities only in women: A β-CIT imaging study

Baldereschi, 2000, Parkinson's disease and parkinsonism in a longitudinal study: two-fold higher incidence in men, Neurology, 55, 1358, 10.1212/WNL.55.9.1358 Barreto, 2009, Testosterone decreases reactive astroglia and reactive microglia after brain injury in male rats: role of its metabolites, oestradiol and dihydrotestosterone, Eur. J. Neurosci., 25, 3039, 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2007.05563.x Bemis, 2004, PCB-induced inhibition of the vesicular monoamine transporter predicts reductions in synaptosomal dopamine content, Toxicol. Sci., 80, 288, 10.1093/toxsci/kfh153 Benedetti, 2001, Hysterectomy, menopause, and estrogen use preceding Parkinson's disease: an exploratory case-control study, Mov. Disord., 16, 830, 10.1002/mds.1170 Bossé, 1997, Ovariectomy and estradiol treatment affect the dopamine transporter and its gene expression in the rat brain, Mol. Brain Res., 46, 343, 10.1016/S0169-328X(97)00082-X Brock, 1996, An improved analysis for chlorinated pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in human and bovine sera using solid-phase extraction, J. Anal. Toxicol., 20, 528, 10.1093/jat/20.7.528 Colloby, 2005, Progression of dopaminergic degeneration in dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinson's disease with and without dementia assessed using 123I-FP-CIT SPECT, Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging, 32, 1176, 10.1007/s00259-005-1830-z Cyr, 2003, Sustained elevation of extracellular dopamine causes motor dysfunction and selective degeneration of striatal GABAergic neurons, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 100, 11035, 10.1073/pnas.1831768100 Dluzen, 2000, Neuroprotective effects of estrogen upon the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system, J. Neurocytol., 29, 387, 10.1023/A:1007117424491 Draper, 1981 Erickson, 1997 Fitzgerald, 2008, Polychlorinated biphenyl exposure and neuropsychological status among older residents of upper Hudson River communities, Environ. Health Perspect., 116, 209, 10.1289/ehp.10432 Fitzgerald, 2007, Environmental exposures to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) among older residents of upper Hudson River communities, Environ. Res., 104, 352, 10.1016/j.envres.2007.01.010 Gammon, 2002, Environmental toxins and breast cancer on Long Island. II. Organochlorine compound levels in blood, Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., 11, 686 Horn, 1979, The problem of PCBs in the Hudson River system, Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 320, 591, 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1979.tb56637.x Innis, 1993, Single photon emission computed tomographic imaging demonstrates loss of striatal dopamine transporters in Parkinson's disease, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 90, 11965, 10.1073/pnas.90.24.11965 Jaber, 1997, The dopamine transporter: a crucial component regulating dopamine transmission, Mov. Disord., 12, 629, 10.1002/mds.870120502 Jacobson, 2003, Prenatal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and attention at school age, J. Pediatr., 143, 780, 10.1067/S0022-3476(03)00577-8 Jennings, 2004, (123I)β-CIT and single-photon emission computed tomographic imaging vs clinical evaluation in parkinsonian syndrome, Arch. Neurol., 61, 1224, 10.1001/archneur.61.8.1224 Laruelle, 1994, Graphical, kinetic and equilibrium analyses of in vivo [123I]β-CIT binding to dopamine transporters in healthy human subjects, J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab., 14, 982, 10.1038/jcbfm.1994.131 Lawton, 1985, Effects of PCB exposure on biochemical and hematological findings in capacitor workers, Environ. Health Perspect., 60, 165, 10.1289/ehp.8560165 Leranth, 2000, Estrogen is essential for maintaining nigrostriatal dopamine neurons in primates: implications for Parkinson's disease and memory, J. Neurosci., 20, 8604, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.20-23-08604.2000 Lyng, 2007, Polychlorinated biphenyl-induced neurotoxicity in organotypic cocultures of developing rat ventral mesencephalon and striatum, Toxicol. Sci., 97, 128, 10.1093/toxsci/kfm027 Mariussen, 2001, The effect of polychlorinated biphenyls on the high affinity uptake of the neurotransmitters dopamine, serotonin, glutamate and GABA, into rat brain synaptosomes, Toxicology, 159, 11, 10.1016/S0300-483X(00)00374-7 Miller, 1998, The impact of gender and estrogen on striatal dopaminergic neurotoxicity, Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 844, 153, 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb08230.x Murray, 2003, Dose- and sex-dependent effects of the neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine on the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway of adult rats: differential actions of estrogen in males and females, Neuroscience, 116, 213, 10.1016/S0306-4522(02)00578-X 1979 Phillips, 1989, Chlorinated hydrocarbon levels in human serum: effects of fasting and feeding, Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 18, 495, 10.1007/BF01055015 Prince, 2006, Update: cohort mortality study of workers highly exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) during the manufacture of electrical capacitors, 1940–1998, Environmental Health: A Global Access Science Source, 5, 13, 10.1186/1476-069X-5-13 Ragonese, 2004, Risk of Parkinson disease in women: effect of reproductive characteristics, Neurology, 62, 2010, 10.1212/WNL.62.11.2010 Schantz, 2001, Impairments of memory and learning in older adults exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls via consumption of Great Lakes fish, Environ. Health Perspect., 109, 605, 10.1289/ehp.01109605 Seegal, 1991, Comparison of effects of Aroclors 1016 and 1260 on nonhuman primate catecholamine function, Toxicology, 66, 145, 10.1016/0300-483X(91)90215-M Seegal, 1994, Decreases in dopamine concentrations in adult non-human primate brain persist following removal from polychlorinated biphenyls, Toxicology, 86, 71, 10.1016/0300-483X(94)90054-X Seegal, 1994, PCBs reduce the number of dopaminergic neurons in rat substantia nigra determined by laser-scanning confocal microscopy, Toxicologist, 14, 353 Seegal, R.F., et al., in press. Estimating the half-lives of PCB congeners in former capacitor workers measured over a twenty-eight year interval. J. Expos. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. Seibyl, 1995, Decreased single-photon emission computed tomographic [123I] β-CIT striatal uptake correlates with symptom severity in Parkinson's disease, Ann. Neurol., 38, 589, 10.1002/ana.410380407 Steenland, 2006, Polychlorinated biphenyls and neurodegenerative disease mortality in an occupational cohort, Epidemiology, 17, 8, 10.1097/01.ede.0000190707.51536.2b Stewart, 2005, Response inhibition at 8 and 9 1/2 years of age in children prenatally exposed to PCBs, Neurotoxicol. Teratol., 27, 771, 10.1016/j.ntt.2005.07.003 Tamas, 2005, Age and gender differences in behavioral and morphological outcome after 6-hydoxydopamine induced lesion of the substantia nigra in rats, Behav. Brain Res., 158, 221, 10.1016/j.bbr.2004.09.002 1978, Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs): manufacturing, processing, distribution in commerce, and use bans, Fed. Regist., 43, 24802 Veiga, 2004, Sex hormones and brain aging, Exp. Gerontol., 39, 1623, 10.1016/j.exger.2004.05.008 Wenning, 2005, Prevalence of movement disorders in men and women aged 50–89 years (Bruneck Study cohort): a population-based study, Lancet Neurol., 4, 815, 10.1016/S1474-4422(05)70226-X Wolff, 1982, Body burden of polychlorinated biphenyls among persons employed in capacitor manufacturing, Int. Arch. Environ. Health, 49, 199, 10.1007/BF00377929 Wolff, 1982, Disposition of polychlorinated biphenyl congeners in occupationally exposed persons, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 62, 294, 10.1016/0041-008X(82)90128-4