Observational Learning During Simulation-Based Training in Arthroscopy: Is It Useful to Novices?

Barnes, 1987, Surgical handicraft: teaching and learning surgical skills, Am J Surg, 153, 422, 10.1016/0002-9610(87)90783-5 Scalese, 2008, Simulation technology for skills training and competency assessment in medical education, J Gen Intern Med, 23, S46, 10.1007/s11606-007-0283-4 Chami, 2008, Haptic feedback can provide an objective assessment of arthroscopic skills, Clin Orthop Relat Res, 466, 963, 10.1007/s11999-008-0115-9 Birkmeyer, 2013, Surgical skill and complication rates after bariatric surgery, N Engl J Med, 369, 1434, 10.1056/NEJMsa1300625 Reznick, 2006, Teaching surgical skills—changes in the wind, N Engl J Med, 355, 2664, 10.1056/NEJMra054785 Sutton, 1998, Learning curve for oesophageal cancer surgery, Br J Surg, 85, 1399, 10.1046/j.1365-2168.1998.00962.x Sosa, 1998, The importance of surgeon experience for clinical and economic outcomes from thyroidectomy, Ann Surg, 228, 320, 10.1097/00000658-199809000-00005 Tashiro, 2009, Evaluation of skills in arthroscopic training based on trajectory and force data, Clin Orthop Relat Res, 467, 546, 10.1007/s11999-008-0497-8 Puhaindran, 2009, Wrist arthroscopy: beware the novice, J Hand Surg Eur Vol, 34, 540, 10.1177/1753193408100963 Ziv, 2003, Simulation-based medical education: an ethical imperative, Acad Med, 78, 783, 10.1097/00001888-200308000-00006 Barrett, 1991, Arthroscopic and endoscopic skills: a method of assessment, Ann R Coll Surg Engl, 73, 100 Hanna, 1998, Randomised study of influence of two-dimensional versus three-dimensional imaging on performance of laparoscopic cholecystectomy, Lancet, 351, 248, 10.1016/S0140-6736(97)08005-7 Alvand, 2011, Innate arthroscopic skills in medical students and variation in learning curves, J Bone Joint Surg Am, 93, 10.2106/JBJS.K.00199 Ghandi A. Arthroscopy Skills test. Available from: http://www.shoulderdoc.co.uk. Cited 2012 June 30, 2012 Byrd, 2006, Hip arthroscopy by the supine approach, Instr Course Lect, 55, 325 Keren, 2008, Wrist arthroscopy, Harefuah, 147, 428 Pedowitz, 2002, Evaluation of a virtual reality simulator for arthroscopy skills development, Arthroscopy, 18, E29, 10.1053/jars.2002.33791 Gallagher, 2005, Virtual reality simulation for the operating room: proficiency-based training as a paradigm shift in surgical skills training, Ann Surg, 241, 364, 10.1097/01.sla.0000151982.85062.80 Carter, 1952, The fruition of Halsted׳s concept of surgical training, Surgery, 32, 518 Wigton, 1992, See one, do one, teach one, Acad Med, 67, 743 Torkington, 2000, The role of simulation in surgical training, Ann R Coll Surg Engl, 82, 88 Michelson, 2006, Simulation in orthopaedic education: an overview of theory and practice, J Bone Joint Surg Am, 88, 1405 Wulf, 2010, Motor skill learning and performance: a review of influential factors, Med Educ, 44, 75, 10.1111/j.1365-2923.2009.03421.x Malfait, 2009, fMRI activation during observation of others’ reach errors, J Cognit Neurosci, 22, 1493, 10.1162/jocn.2009.21281 Mattar, 2005, Motor learning by observing, Neuron, 46, 153, 10.1016/j.neuron.2005.02.009 Trempe, 2011, Observation learning versus physical practice leads to different consolidation outcomes in a movement timing task, Exp Brain Res, 209, 181, 10.1007/s00221-011-2540-3 Buckingham, 2014, Observing object lifting errors modulates cortico-spinal excitability and improves object lifting performance, Cortex, 50, 115, 10.1016/j.cortex.2013.07.004 Brown, 2010, Effect of trial order and error magnitude on motor learning by observing, J Neurophysiol, 104, 1409, 10.1152/jn.01047.2009 Xeroulis, 2007, Teaching suturing and knot-tying skills to medical students: a randomized controlled study comparing computer-based video instruction and (concurrent and summary) expert feedback, Surgery, 141, 442, 10.1016/j.surg.2006.09.012 Bayona, 2008, Assessment study of insightARTHRO VR arthroscopy virtual training simulator: face, content, and construct validities, J Robotic Surg, 2, 151, 10.1007/s11701-008-0101-y Martin, 2011, Arthroscopic basic task performance in shoulder simulator model correlates with similar task performance in cadavers, J Bone Joint Surg Am, 93, e1271, 10.2106/JBJS.J.01368 Martin, 2012, Shoulder arthroscopy simulator performance correlates with resident and shoulder arthroscopy experience, J Bone Joint Surg Am, 94, e160, 10.2106/JBJS.L.00072 2012, 2 Funk L, Awan A, Gandhi M. Validation of a virtual reality arthroscopic shoulder simulator. Validation studies-abstracts ArthroMentor; 2007. Blandin, 1999, Cognitive processes underlying observational learning of motor skills, Q J Exp Psychol, 52A, 957, 10.1080/713755856 Blandin, 2000, On the cognitive basis of observational learning: development of mechanisms for the detection and correction of errors, Q J Exp Psychol A, 53, 846, 10.1080/713755917 Gallagher, 2012, 89 Rohbanfard, 2011, Learning through observation: a combination of expert and novice models favors learning, Exp Brain Res, 215, 183, 10.1007/s00221-011-2882-x Andrieux, 2013, Observation learning of a motor task: who and when?, Exp Brain Res, 229, 125, 10.1007/s00221-013-3598-x Grierson, 2012, The role of collaborative interactivity in the observational practice of clinical skills, Med Educ, 46, 409, 10.1111/j.1365-2923.2011.04196.x Ashford, 2006, Observational modeling effects for movement dynamics and movement outcome measures across differing task constraints: a meta-analysis, J Mot Behav, 38, 185, 10.3200/JMBR.38.3.185-205 Scully, 1985, Observational learning and the acquisition of motor skills: towards a visual perception perspective, J Hum Mov Stud, 11, 169 Atesok, 2012, Surgical simulation in orthopaedic skills training, J Am Acad Orthop Surg, 20, 410 Pedowitz, 2012, Motor skills training in orthopaedic surgery: a paradigm shift toward a simulation-based educational curriculum, J Am Acad Orthop Surg, 20, 407, 10.5435/JAAOS-20-07-407