Điều trị béo phì bằng chế độ ăn ketogenic rất ít calo trong hai năm: giảm mỡ nội tạng và ảnh hưởng lên gánh nặng bệnh tật

Endocrine - Tập 54 - Trang 681-690 - 2016
Basilio Moreno1, Ana B Crujeiras2,3, Diego Bellido4, Ignacio Sajoux5, Felipe F Casanueva3,6
1Division of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital G Universitario Gregorio Marañon, Madrid, Spain
2Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS), Santiago de Compostela University (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
3CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
4Division of Endocrinology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Ferrol and Coruña University, Ferrol, Spain
5Medical Department Pronokal, Protein Supplies SL, Barcelona, Spain
6Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS), Santiago de Compostela University, Santiago de Compostela, Spain

Tóm tắt

Ảnh hưởng lâu dài của các chế độ ăn điều trị trong điều trị béo phì là một thách thức hiện nay. Nghiên cứu này nhằm đánh giá hiệu quả lâu dài của chế độ ăn ketogenic rất ít calo (VLCK) đối với mức mỡ thừa. Đặc biệt, tập trung vào khối lượng mỡ nội tạng và tác động đến gánh nặng bệnh tật của từng cá nhân. Một nhóm bệnh nhân béo phì (n = 45) được phân bổ ngẫu nhiên thành hai nhóm: nhóm chế độ ăn ketogenic rất ít calo (n = 22) hoặc nhóm chế độ ăn ít calo tiêu chuẩn (n = 23). Cả hai nhóm đều nhận được hỗ trợ bên ngoài. Các tham số về mức béo phì và tổng số tháng giảm cân thành công (5 hoặc 10%) trong suốt 24 tháng được định lượng. Chế độ ăn ketogenic rất ít calo đã kích thích mức ketosis nhẹ dưới 2 tháng và tác động đáng kể đến trọng lượng cơ thể tại 6, 12 và 24 tháng. Tại 24 tháng, có một xu hướng hồi phục về mức cơ bản; tuy nhiên, chế độ ăn ketogenic rất ít calo đã giúp giảm cân lớn hơn (−12,5 kg), vòng bụng (−11,6 cm) và khối lượng mỡ cơ thể (−8,8 kg) so với chế độ ăn ít calo (−4,4 kg, −4,1 cm và −3,8 kg, tương ứng; p < 0,001). Thú vị là, giảm chọn lọc mỡ nội tạng được đo bằng phần mềm đặc biệt của quét hấp thụ tia X năng lượng kép (DEXA) cũng được ghi nhận (−600 g so với −202 g; p < 0,001). Hơn nữa, nhóm chế độ ăn ketogenic rất ít calo đã trải qua sự giảm gánh nặng cá nhân của béo phì do giảm thời gian bệnh. Bệnh nhân ăn chế độ ketogenic rất ít calo có 500 tháng với mức giảm 5% trọng lượng so với nhóm chế độ ăn ít calo (350 tháng; p < 0,001). Tóm lại, chế độ ăn ketogenic rất ít calo là hiệu quả sau 24 tháng, với sự giảm mỡ nội tạng và giảm gánh nặng bệnh tật cá nhân.

Từ khóa

#béo phì #chế độ ăn ketogenic #khối lượng mỡ nội tạng #gánh nặng bệnh tật #biến đổi trọng lượng cơ thể

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