O papel do ácido úrico na resistência insulínica em crianças e adolescentes com obesidade

Li, 2013, Metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and hyperuricemia, Curr Opin Rheumatol., 25, 210, 10.1097/BOR.0b013e32835d951e Glantzounis, 2005, Uric acid and oxidative stress, Curr Pharm Des., 11, 4145, 10.2174/138161205774913255 Fang, 2000, Serum uric acid and cardiovascular mortality the NHANES I epidemiologic follow‐up study, 1971‐1992 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, JAMA., 283, 2404, 10.1001/jama.283.18.2404 Juraschek, 2014, Temporal relationship between uric acid concentration and risk of diabetes in a community‐based study population, Am J Epidemiol., 179, 684, 10.1093/aje/kwt320 Krishnan, 2012, Hyperuricemia in young adults and risk of insulin resistance, prediabetes, and diabetes: a 15‐year follow‐up study, Am J Epidemiol., 176, 108, 10.1093/aje/kws002 Gil-Campos, 2009, Uric acid is associated with features of insulin resistance syndrome in obese children at prepubertal stage, Nutr Hosp., 24, 607 Ford, 2007, Serum concentrations of uric acid and the metabolic syndrome among US children and adolescents, Circulation., 115, 2526, 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.657627 Tsushima, 2013, Uric acid secretion from adipose tissue and its increase in obesity, J Biol Chem., 288, 27138, 10.1074/jbc.M113.485094 Cardoso, 2013, Association of uric acid levels with components of metabolic syndrome and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease in overweight or obese children and adolescents, J Pediatr (Rio J)., 89, 412, 10.1016/j.jped.2012.12.008 Viazzi, 2013, Serum uric acid and blood pressure in children at cardiovascular risk, Pediatrics., 132, e93, 10.1542/peds.2013-0047 Civantos Modino, 2012, Hyperuricemia and metabolic syndrome in children with overweight and obesity, Endocrinol Nutr., 59, 533, 10.1016/j.endonu.2012.06.010 Pacifico, 2009, Serum uric acid and its association with metabolic syndrome and carotid atherosclerosis in obese children, Eur J Endocrinol., 160, 45, 10.1530/EJE-08-0618 Yoo, 2011, Prevalence of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome in patients with gouty arthritis, Rheumatol Int., 31, 485, 10.1007/s00296-009-1304-x Kuczmarski, 2000, CDC growth charts: United States, Adv Data., 1 Fernandez, 2004, Waist circumference percentiles in nationally representative samples of African‐American, European‐American, and Mexican‐American children and adolescents, J Pediatr., 145, 439, 10.1016/j.jpeds.2004.06.044 Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia; Sociedade Brasileira de Hipertensão; Sociedade Brasileira de Nefrologia. VI Diretrizes Brasileiras de Hipertensão. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2010; 95(1 Suppl):1‐51. Friedewald, 1972, Estimation of the concentration of low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge, Clin Chem., 18, 499, 10.1093/clinchem/18.6.499 Keskin, 2005, Homeostasis model assessment is more reliable than the fasting glucose/insulin ratio and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index for assessing insulin resistance among obese children and adolescents, Pediatrics., 115, e500, 10.1542/peds.2004-1921 Kodama, 2009, Association between serum uric acid and development of type 2 diabetes, Diabetes Care., 32, 1737, 10.2337/dc09-0288 Feig, 2008, Uric acid and cardiovascular risk, N Engl J Med., 359, 1811, 10.1056/NEJMra0800885 Van Gaal, 2006, Mechanisms linking obesity with cardiovascular disease, Nature., 444, 875, 10.1038/nature05487 Balagopal, 2011, Nontraditional risk factors and biomarkers for cardiovascular disease: mechanistic, research, and clinical considerations for youth: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association, Circulation., 123, 2749, 10.1161/CIR.0b013e31821c7c64 Yamashita, 1986, Studies on the impaired metabolism of uric acid in obese subjects: marked reduction of renal urate excretion and its improvement by a low‐calorie diet, Int J Obes., 10, 255 Khosla, 2005, Hyperuricemia induces endothelial dysfunction, Kidney Int., 67, 1739, 10.1111/j.1523-1755.2005.00273.x Park, 2013, Uric acid attenuates nitric oxide production by decreasing the interaction between endothelial nitric oxide synthase and calmodulin in human umbilical vein endothelial cells: a mechanism for uric acid‐induced cardiovascular disease development, Nitric Oxide., 32, 36, 10.1016/j.niox.2013.04.003 Ishiro, 2013, Association of uric acid with obesity and endothelial dysfunction in children and early adolescents, Ann Nutr Metab., 62, 169, 10.1159/000346227 Puddu, 2012, Relationships among hyperuricemia, endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease: molecular mechanisms and clinical implications, J Cardiol., 59, 235, 10.1016/j.jjcc.2012.01.013