Numerical and Experimental Investigations of the Influence of Grain Size on the Compressibility of Sand–EPS Mixtures
Tóm tắt
In the past decade, there have been numerous investigations on the physical and mechanical properties of the lightweight composite materials. The application of the expanded polystyrene (EPS), which is a super lightweight material with very low density and potentially high compressibility, has been studied by many researchers. This paper presents experimental and numerical investigations on the compressibility of the sand–EPS mixtures. The influence of grain size variations on the compressibility of the composite samples was studied using the standard Casagrande oedometer apparatus in the laboratory. Moreover, a series of discrete element modeling (DEM) simulations were carried out to verify the results of the laboratory tests. Since it was aimed to elaborate on the behavior of completely rounded granules, steel pellets virtually representing the soil particles have been used in both the laboratory experiments and DEM simulations. The EPS beads were added to the steel pellets at 0%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4% and 0.5% by weight. The results show that increasing the rigid grain size decreases the compressibility of the composite samples at low EPS contents. However, this impact becomes almost insignificant at very high EPS contents when rigid particles interaction is impeded.
Tài liệu tham khảo
citation_journal_title=J Geomech; citation_title=Expanded polystyrene-based geomaterial with fly ash; citation_author=AH Padade, JN Mandal; citation_volume=14; citation_issue=6; citation_publication_date=2014; citation_pages=6014013; citation_doi=10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0000390; citation_id=CR1
citation_journal_title=J Geotext Geomembr; citation_title=The compressible inclusion function of EPS geofoam; citation_author=JS Horvath; citation_volume=15; citation_issue=1; citation_publication_date=1997; citation_pages=77-120; citation_doi=10.1016/S0266-1144(97)00008-3; citation_id=CR2
citation_journal_title=J Mater Civ Eng; citation_title=Reduction of lateral earth forces acting on rigid non-yielding retaining walls by EPS geofoam inclusions; citation_author=OL Ertugrul, AC Trandafir; citation_volume=23; citation_issue=12; citation_publication_date=2011; citation_pages=1711-1718; citation_doi=10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000348; citation_id=CR3
citation_journal_title=Geotext Geomembr; citation_title=Numerical modeling of EPS geofoam used with swelling soil; citation_author=Mustafa Aytekin; citation_volume=15; citation_issue=1; citation_publication_date=1998; citation_pages=133-146; citation_id=CR4
citation_journal_title=J Geotext Geomembr; citation_title=Laboratory study of expanded polystyrene (EPS) geofoam used with expansive soils; citation_author=SB Ikizler, M Aytekin, E Nas; citation_volume=26; citation_issue=2; citation_publication_date=2008; citation_pages=189-195; citation_doi=10.1016/j.geotexmem.2007.05.005; citation_id=CR5
Stark TD, Arellano D, Horvath JS, Leshchinsky JS (2004) Guideline and recommended standard for geofoam applications in highway embankments. In: NCHRP Report 529, Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC
Bartlett S, Arellano D, Vaslestad J, Aaboe R, Ahmed T (2014) Bridge foundations supported by EPS geofoam on soft soil. In: 10th International Conference on Geosynthetics, Berlin
citation_journal_title=Civ Eng J; citation_title=Deformation characteristics of sand geofoam blocks using large-scale oedometer apparatus; citation_author=R Jamshidi Chenari, A Firoozfar, S Attari, A Izadi, SE Shafiei; citation_volume=3; citation_issue=8; citation_publication_date=2017; citation_pages=585-593; citation_doi=10.28991/cej-2017-00000114; citation_id=CR8
Deng A, Xiao Y (2009) Modeling stress–strain behavior of sand–EPS beads lightweight fills based on cam–clay models. In: In recent advancement in soil behavior, in situ test methods, pile foundations, and tunneling. selected papers from the 2009 GeoHunan International Conference, pp. 55–61
citation_journal_title=Int J Geomech; citation_title=Measuring and modelling proportion dependent stress–strain behavior of EPS–sand mixture; citation_author=A Deng, Y Xiao; citation_volume=10; citation_issue=6; citation_publication_date=2010; citation_pages=214-222; citation_doi=10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0000062; citation_id=CR10
citation_journal_title=Electron J Geotech Eng; citation_title=Shear strength characteristics of sand mixed with EPS beads using large direct shear apparatus; citation_author=M Karimpour Fard, R Jamshidi Chenari, F Soheili; citation_volume=20; citation_issue=8; citation_publication_date=2015; citation_pages=2205-2220; citation_id=CR11
citation_journal_title=J Soil Dyn Earthq Eng; citation_title=A united deformation-strength framework for lightweight sand–EPS beads soil (LSES) under cyclic loading; citation_author=Y Gao, S Wang, C Chen; citation_volume=31; citation_issue=8; citation_publication_date=2011; citation_pages=1144-1153; citation_doi=10.1016/j.soildyn.2011.04.002; citation_id=CR12
citation_journal_title=J Constr Build Mater; citation_title=An investigation on the geotechnical properties of sand–EPS mixture using large oedometer apparatus; citation_author=R Jamshidi Chenari, M Karimpour Fard, S Pourghaffar Maghfarati, F Pishgar, SL Machado; citation_volume=113; citation_publication_date=2016; citation_pages=773-782; citation_doi=10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.03.083; citation_id=CR13
citation_journal_title=Geomech Eng; citation_title=Evaluation of strength properties of cement stabilized sand mixed with EPS beads and fly ash; citation_author=R Jamshidi Chenari, B Fatahi, A Ghorbani, M Nasiri Alamoti; citation_volume=14; citation_issue=6; citation_publication_date=2018; citation_pages=533-544; citation_doi=10.12989/gae.2018.14.6.533; citation_id=CR14
citation_journal_title=Geosynth Int; citation_title=Dynamic properties of EPS–sand mixtures using cyclic triaxial and bender element tests; citation_author=R Alaie, R Jamshidi Chenari; citation_publication_date=2019; citation_doi=10.1680/jgein.19.00034; citation_id=CR15
citation_journal_title=KSCE J Civ Eng; citation_title=Cyclic and post-cyclic shear behaviour of interface between geogrid and EPS beads–sand backfill; citation_author=R Alaie, R Jamshidi Chenari; citation_volume=22; citation_publication_date=2018; citation_pages=1-18; citation_doi=10.1007/s12205-018-0945-2; citation_id=CR16
citation_journal_title=Int J Civil Eng; citation_title=An experimental study for the cyclic interface properties of the EPS–sand mixtures reinforced with geogrid; citation_author=R Jamshidi Chenari, R Ebrahimi Khonachah, I Hosseinpour Babaie, A Khajeh; citation_publication_date=2019; citation_doi=10.1007/s40999-019-00424-3; citation_id=CR17
citation_journal_title=Geotech Geol Eng; citation_title=A note on the compressibility and earth pressure properties of EPS beads-rigid particulates composite; citation_author=P Tizpa, R Jamshidi Chenari, F Farrokhi; citation_publication_date=2019; citation_doi=10.1007/s10706-019-00977-z; citation_id=CR18
citation_journal_title=J Geotech Geoenviron Eng; citation_title=Shredded tires and rubber–sand as lightweight backfill; citation_author=JH Lee, R Salgado, A Bernal, CW Lovell; citation_volume=125; citation_issue=2; citation_publication_date=1999; citation_pages=132-141; citation_doi=10.1061/(asce)1090-0241(1999)125:2(132); citation_id=CR19
citation_journal_title=Int J Numer Anal Meth Geomech; citation_title=Behavior of sand–rubber particle mixtures: experimental observations and numerical simulations; citation_author=C Lee, H Shin, J-S Lee; citation_volume=38; citation_issue=16; citation_publication_date=2014; citation_pages=1651-1663; citation_doi=10.1002/nag.2264; citation_id=CR20
citation_journal_title=Can Geotech J; citation_title=Sand–rubber mixtures: experiments and numerical simulations; citation_author=JR Valdes, TM Evans; citation_volume=45; citation_issue=4; citation_publication_date=2008; citation_pages=588-595; citation_doi=10.1139/t08-002; citation_id=CR21
citation_journal_title=Granul Matter; citation_title=A discrete model for simulating shear strength and deformation behaviour of rockfill material, considering the particle breakage phenomenon; citation_author=E Alaei, A Mahboubi; citation_volume=14; citation_issue=6; citation_publication_date=2012; citation_pages=707-717; citation_doi=10.1007/s10035-012-0367-7; citation_id=CR22
citation_journal_title=Comput Geotech; citation_title=Effect of rubber size on the behaviour of sand–rubber mixtures: a numerical investigation; citation_author=JC Lopera Perez, CY Kwok, K Senetakis; citation_volume=80; citation_publication_date=2016; citation_pages=199-214; citation_doi=10.1016/j.compgeo.2016.07.005; citation_id=CR23
citation_journal_title=Geotext Geomembr; citation_title=Micromechanical analyses of the effect of rubber size and content on sand–rubber mixtures at the critical state; citation_author=JC Lopera Perez, CY Kwok, K Senetakis; citation_volume=45; citation_issue=2; citation_publication_date=2017; citation_pages=81-97; citation_doi=10.1016/j.geotexmem.2016.11.005; citation_id=CR24
citation_journal_title=Géotechnique; citation_title=Effect of rubber content on the unstable behaviour of sand–rubber mixtures under static loading: a micro-mechanical study; citation_author=JC Lopera Perez, CY Kwok, K Senetakis; citation_volume=68; citation_issue=7; citation_publication_date=2018; citation_pages=561-574; citation_doi=10.1680/jgeot.16.P.149; citation_id=CR25
citation_journal_title=Granul Matter Journal.; citation_title=Discrete modeling of sand–tire mixture considering grain-scale deformability; citation_author=M Asadi, A Mahboubi, K Thoeni; citation_volume=20; citation_publication_date=2018; citation_pages=18; citation_doi=10.1007/s10035-018-0791-4; citation_id=CR26
Šmilauer V et al (2015) Yade documentation, 2nd edn.
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.34073
citation_journal_title=Géotechnique; citation_title=A discrete numerical model for granular assemblies; citation_author=PA Cundall, ODL Strack; citation_volume=29; citation_issue=1; citation_publication_date=1979; citation_pages=47-65; citation_doi=10.1680/geot.1979.29.1.47; citation_id=CR28
citation_journal_title=Int J Geosynth Ground Eng; citation_title=Experimental investigation of the shear behavior of EPS geofoam; citation_author=M Imran Khan, M Meguid; citation_volume=4; citation_publication_date=2018; citation_pages=12; citation_doi=10.1007/s40891-018-0129-7; citation_id=CR29
citation_journal_title=J Mater Civ Eng; citation_title=Interface shear strength characteristics of interlocked EPS-block geofoam; citation_author=AT Özer, O Akay; citation_volume=28; citation_issue=4; citation_publication_date=2015; citation_pages=04015156; citation_doi=10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0001418; citation_id=CR30