Numerical Investigation of Dynamic Load Amplification in Buried Culverts
Tóm tắt
Most traditional research on buried culverts has looked at live load distribution through soil onto buried culverts without due attention to the dynamic amplification of moving loads. Few studies that considered the dynamic amplification of buried culverts modeled the system assuming plane strain conditions. Under such conditions, finite area loads such as the wheel loads of vehicles must instead be modeled as strip loads that act over the entire culvert width. In this study, the load-soil-culvert system is also treated as a three-dimensional problem. A dynamic amplification factor (DAF) is determined from two-dimensional (plane strain) and three-dimensional finite element analyses and is compared with DAFs calculated following the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) procedures and field collected data. The two- and three-dimensional finite element analyses resulted in average DAFs of 1.10 and 1.03, respectively. Average DAFs from field and the AASHTO procedures were calculated to be 0.97 and 1.30, respectively. Overall, the AASHTO DAFs are the highest and the field DAFs are the lowest. The two-dimensional finite element results gave DAF values that are higher than the ones from three-dimensional analyses and field evaluated values. The DAF calculated from three-dimensional finite element analyses is the closest to the field measured DAFs.
Tài liệu tham khảo
United States Federal Highway Administration: Bridge Division: Recording and coding guide for the structure inventory and appraisal of the nation's bridges. In: FHWA-PD-96-001.(eds.). U.S. Dept. of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Washington, DC (1995)
American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO): LRFD Bridge Design Specifications, 6th Edition, with 2012 and 2013 Interim Revisions. In: American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington, D.C (2013)
Eymard, R., Guerrier, F., Jacob, B.: Dynamic Behavior of Bridge under Full Traffic. In: Nowak, A.S. (ed.) Bridge Evaluation, Repair and Rehabilitation. pp. 293–306. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht (1990) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2153-5_22
McLean, D.L., Marsh, M.L.: Dynamic amplification factors for bridges. In: Board, T.R. (ed.) Synthesis of Highway Practice 266. Washington, D.C. (1998)
Deng, L., Yu, Y., Zou, Q., Cai, C.S.: State-of-the-Art Review of Dynamic Impact Factors of Highway Bridges. J. Bridg. Eng. 20(5) (2015). https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0000672
Wekezer, J., Taft, E., Kwasniewski, L., & Earle, S.: Investigation of Impact Factors for FDOT Bridges. FDOT Structures research laboratory final report. Tallahassee, USA (2010)
Tilly, G.P.: Dynamic behaviour of concrete structures. In: report of the RILEM 65 MDB committee. Amsterdam, New York (1986)
Bakht, B., Pinjarkar, S.G.: Dynamic testing of highway bridges: A review. Trans. Res. Rec. 1223, 93–100 (1989)
Smith, K.N.: Dynamic behaviour of highway bridge structures. In: Interim Report, Ontario Joint Highway Research Programme. Project C-1. (1969)
Coussy, O., Said, M., Van Hoore, J.P.: The influence of random surface irregularities on the dynamic response of bridges under suspended moving loads. J. Sound Vib. 130(2), 313–320 (1989)
Turneaure, F.E., Crandall, C.L., Cartlidge, C.H., Schneider, C.C.: Sub-Committee report on impact. In: Twelfth annual convention of the American Railway Engineering and Maintenance of Way Association, Congres hotel, Chicago, Illinois, vol. 12 Part 3. American Railway Engineering and Maintenance of Way Association (AREMA) (1911)
Dhar, C.L., Chu, K.H., Garg, V.K.: Dynamic response of a single track railway truss bridge. Transportation Research Record No. 665, 73-80 (1978)
Fleming, F.J., Romualdi, J.P.: Dynamic response of highway bridges. ASCE J Struct Div. 87(7), 31–60 (1961)
Heins, C.P., Lee, W.H.: Curved box-girder bridge: field test. ASCE J Struc Div. 107(2), 317–327 (1981)
Manko, Z., Beben, D.: Dynamic testing of a corrugated steel arch bridge. Can. J. Civ. Eng. 35(3), 246–257 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1139/L07-098
Spangler, M.G., Mason, C., Winfrey, R.E.: Experimental determinations of static and impact loads transmitted to culverts. Iowa State College, Ames, Iowa (1926)
Beben, D.: Dynamic amplification factors of corrugated steel plate culverts. Eng. Struct. 46, 193–204 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2012.07.034
Brown, C.B., Green, D.R., Pawsey, S.: Flexible culverts under high fills. J Struct Div. 94(4), 905–918 (1968)
Duncan, J.M.: Behavior and design of long-span metal culvert structures. J. Geotech. Eng. 105(3), 399–418 (1979)
Katona, M.G.: CANDE: a versatile soil-structure design and analysis computer program. J Adv. Eng. Softw. 1, 3–9 (1978)
Roschke, M., Davis, R.E.: Rigid culvert finite element analysis. J Geotechn Eng (ASCE). 112(8), 749–767 (1986)
Wenzel, T., Parmelee, R.: Computer-aided structural analysis and design of concrete pipe. In: Bealey, M., Lemons, J. (eds.) Concrete pipe and the soil-structure system. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA (1977)
Abel, J.F., Mark, R., Richards, R.: Stresses around flexible elliptic pipes. J Soil Mech Foundations Div. 99(7), 509–526 (1973)
Garg, A.K., Abolmaali, A.: Finite-Element Modeling and Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Box Culverts. J. Trans. Eng. 135(3), 121-128 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-947X(2009)135:3(121)
Pimentel, M., Costa, P., Felix, C., Figueiras, J.: Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Box Culverts under High Embankments. J. Struct. Eng. (ASCE) 135(4), 366–375 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2009)135:4(366)
Harik, I.E.: Dynamic Effect of a Moving Truck on a Culvert. J. Brid. Eng. 17(2), 382-388 (2012)
Wells, A., Shenton, H.W., Manahiloh, K.N.: Analytical and Experimental Investigation of Dynamic Amplification Factor for the Load Rating of Reinforced Concrete Box Culverts. MSc Thesis, University of Delaware (2016)
Bettess, P.: Infinite Elements. Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng. 11(1), 53–64 (1977)
Wu, J., Liang, J., Adhikari, S.: Dynamic response of concrete pavement structure with asphalt isolating layer under moving loads. J Traffic and Transp Eng (English Edition). 1(6), 439–447 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/S2095-7564(15)30294-4
Highway Research Board: The AASHO Road Test. In: Report 4. Bridge Research by the Highway Research Board of the NAS-NRC Division of Engineering and Industrial Research. Special Report 61D. National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council, Washington, D.C (1962)
Hilber, H.M., Hughes, T.J.R., Taylor, R.L.: Improved numerical dissipation for time integration algorithms in structural dynamics. Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn. 5(3), 283–292 (1977)
Hughes, T.J.R.: The finite element method, linear static and dynamic finite element analysis. Prentice-Hall, New Jersey (1987)
ABAQUS: ABAQUS 6.14 Complete Abaqus Environment (CAE) online documentation. In, vol. https://www.3ds.com/products-services/simulia/products/abaqus/abaquscae/. Dassault Systems, Waltham, MA., (2014)