Nucleotide substitutions in rDNA of evolutionarily static angiosperm groups
Tóm tắt
In this study we examine nucleotide substitutions in rDNA ITS1 of a number of evolutionarily static angiosperm taxa. It has been demonstrated that, in the majority of cases, cytosine-to-thymine substitutions in CpG dinucleotides prevail. The rate of cytosine-to-thymine substitutions in other neighboring positions is on the average twice as small. The rate of all other substitution types is 4–10 times less than the rate of cytosine-to-thymine substitutions in CpG dinucleotides. We hypothesize that, in evolutionarily static angiosperm taxa, the mutational “burn-out” of cytosine, especially intense in CpG sequences, and accumulation of TpG dinucleotides take place. The burn-out of cytosine is overcompensated in evolutionarily active sections of phylogenetic branches, where rDNA is saturated with cytosine and guanine. It is demonstrated that such a multidirectional mutational process in rDNA may be a model of context-dependent epigenetic changes in genomic regulatory elements during evolution.
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