Normal body, beautiful body: Discrepant perceptions reveal a pervasive ‘thin ideal’ from childhood to adulthood

Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2009 Barlett, 2008, Meta-analyses of the effects of media images on men's body-image concerns, Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 27, 279, 10.1521/jscp.2008.27.3.279 Bessenoff, 2006, Can the media affect us? Social comparison, self-discrepancy, and the thin ideal, Psychology of Women Quarterly, 30, 239, 10.1111/j.1471-6402.2006.00292.x Certain, 2002, Prevalence, correlates, and trajectory of television viewing among infants and toddlers, Pediatrics, 109, 634, 10.1542/peds.109.4.634 Chen, 2005, Obesity stigma in sexual relationships, Obesity Research, 13, 1393, 10.1038/oby.2005.168 Cohn, 1987, Body-figure preferences in male and female adolescents, Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 96, 276, 10.1037/0021-843X.96.3.276 Collins, 1991, Body figure perceptions and preferences among preadolescent children, International Journal of Eating Disorders, 10, 199, 10.1002/1098-108X(199103)10:2<199::AID-EAT2260100209>3.0.CO;2-D Connolly, 2004, The development of preferences for specific body shapes, The Journal of Sex Research, 41, 5, 10.1080/00224490409552209 Fallon, 1985, Sex differences in perceptions of desirable body shape, Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 94, 102, 10.1037/0021-843X.94.1.102 Farrell, 2005, Assessment of body size estimation: A review, European Eating Disorders Review, 13, 75, 10.1002/erv.622 Feingold, 1998, Gender differences in body image are increasing, Psychological Science, 9, 190, 10.1111/1467-9280.00036 Garner, 1980, Cultural expectations of thinness, Psychological Reports, 47, 483, 10.2466/pr0.1980.47.2.483 Glauert, 2009, Body dissatisfaction and the effects of perceptual exposure on body norms and ideals, International Journal of Eating Disorders, 42, 443, 10.1002/eat.20640 Grabe, 2008, The role of the media in body image concerns among women: A meta-analysis of experimental and correlational studies, Psychological Bulletin, 134, 460, 10.1037/0033-2909.134.3.460 Jordan, 2006, Reducing children's television-viewing time: A qualitative study of parents and their children, Pediatrics, 118, 1303, 10.1542/peds.2006-0732 Kenardy, 2001, Dieting and health in young Australian women, European Eating Disorders Review, 9, 242, 10.1002/erv.388 Klaczynski, 2007, There's something about obesity: Culture, contagion, rationality, and children's responses to drinks “created” by obese children, Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 99, 58, 10.1016/j.jecp.2007.08.005 Kostanski, 2004, Current conceptualization of body image dissatisfaction: Have we got it wrong?, Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 45, 1,317, 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00315.x Kostanski, 1998, Adolescent body image dissatisfaction: Relationships with self-esteem, anxiety, and depression controlling for body mass, Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 39, 255, 10.1017/S0021963097001807 Langlois, 1987, Infant preferences for attractive faces: Rudiments of a stereotype?, Developmental Psychology, 23, 363, 10.1037/0012-1649.23.3.363 Lowes, 2003, Body dissatisfaction, dieting awareness and the impact of parental influence in young children, British Journal of Health Psychology, 8, 135, 10.1348/135910703321649123 McCabe, 2001, Body image and body change techniques among young adolescent boys, European Eating Disorders Review, 9, 335, 10.1002/erv.389 Pine, 2001, Children's perceptions of body shape: A thinness bias in pre-adolescent girls and association with femininity, Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 6, 519, 10.1177/1359104501006004006 Rideout, 2010 Schur, 2000, Body dissatisfaction and dieting in young children, International Journal of Eating Disorders, 27, 74, 10.1002/(SICI)1098-108X(200001)27:1<74::AID-EAT8>3.0.CO;2-K Seifert, 2005, Anthropomorphic characteristics of centrefold models: Trends towards slender figures over time, International Journal of Eating Disorders, 37, 271, 10.1002/eat.20086 Smith, 2007, Color 3D bodies and judgements of human female attractiveness, Evolution and Human Behaviour, 28, 48, 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2006.05.007 Smith, 2007, An analysis of body shape attractiveness based on image statistics: Evidence for a dissociation between expressions of preference and shape discrimination, Visual Cognition, 15, 927, 10.1080/13506280601029515 Stice, 1996, The dual pathway model differentiates bulimics, subclinical bulimics, and controls: Testing the continuity hypothesis, Behavior Therapy, 27, 531, 10.1016/S0005-7894(96)80042-6 Stunkard, 1983, Use of the Danish Adoption Register for the study of obesity and thinness, 115 Swami, 2006, Female physical attractiveness in Britain and Japan: A cross-cultural study, European Journal of Personality, 20, 69, 10.1002/per.568 Swami, 2005, Female physical attractiveness in Britain and Malaysia: A cross-cultural study, Body Image, 2, 115, 10.1016/j.bodyim.2005.02.002 Thompson, 2001, Thin-ideal internalization: Mounting evidence for a new risk factor for body image disturbance and eating pathology, Current Directions in Psychological Science, 10, 181, 10.1111/1467-8721.00144 Tiggemann, 1996, Thinking” versus “feeling” fat: Correlates of two indices of body image dissatisfaction, Australian Journal of Psychology, 48, 21, 10.1080/00049539608259501 Tovée, 2001, Female and male perceptions of female physical attractiveness in front-view and profile, British Journal of Psychology, 92, 391, 10.1348/000712601162257 Tovée, 1999, Visual cues to female physical attractiveness, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B, 266, 211, 10.1098/rspb.1999.0624 Tovée, 2006, Changing perception of attractiveness as observers are exposed to a different culture, Evolution and Human Behavior, 27, 443, 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2006.05.004 Truby, 2002, Development of the Children's Body Image Scale, British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 41, 185, 10.1348/014466502163967 Winkler, 2005, Perceptual adaptation affects attractiveness of female bodies, British Journal of Psychology, 96, 141, 10.1348/000712605X36343 Wiseman, 1992, Cultural expectations of thinness in women: An update, lnternational Journal of Eating Disorders, 11, 85, 10.1002/1098-108X(199201)11:1<85::AID-EAT2260110112>3.0.CO;2-T Wood, 1996, Body image dissatisfaction in preadolescent children, Journal of Applied Psychology, 17, 85