Non-esterified fatty acids and blood pressure elevation: a mechanism for hypertension in subjects with obesity/insulin resistance?

citation_journal_title=Diabetes; citation_title=Banting Lecture 1988. Role of insulin resistance in human disease; citation_author=GM Reaven; citation_volume=37; citation_publication_date=1988; citation_pages=1595-1607; citation_doi=10.2337/diab.37.12.1595; citation_id=CR1

citation_journal_title=J Hypertens; citation_title=The metabolic syndrome: a glance in its history; citation_author=PA Sarafidis, PM Nilsson; citation_volume=24; citation_publication_date=2006; citation_pages=621-626; citation_doi=10.1097/01.hjh.0000217840.26971.b6; citation_id=CR2

citation_journal_title=Arch Intern Med; citation_title=The deadly quartet. Upper body obesity, glucose intolerance, hypertriglyceridemia and hypertension; citation_author=NM Kaplan; citation_volume=149; citation_publication_date=1989; citation_pages=1514-1520; citation_doi=10.1001/archinte.1989.00390070054005; citation_id=CR3

citation_journal_title=Endocr Rev; citation_title=Subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue: their relation to the metabolic syndrome; citation_author=BL Wajchenberg; citation_volume=21; citation_publication_date=2000; citation_pages=697-738; citation_doi=10.1210/edrv.21.6.0415; citation_id=CR4

citation_journal_title=J Clin Invest; citation_title=Influence of body fat distribution on free fatty acid metabolism in obesity; citation_author=MD Jensen, MW Haymond, RA Rizza, PE Cryer, JM Miles; citation_volume=83; citation_publication_date=1989; citation_pages=1168-1173; citation_doi=10.1172/JCI113997; citation_id=CR5

citation_journal_title=J Clin Invest; citation_title=Effects of body fat distribution on regional lipolysis in obesity; citation_author=ML Martin, MD Jensen; citation_volume=88; citation_publication_date=1991; citation_pages=609-613; citation_doi=10.1172/JCI115345; citation_id=CR6

citation_journal_title=Metabolism; citation_title=Acute elevation of free fatty acid levels leads to hepatic insulin resistance in obese subjects; citation_author=S Bevilacqua, R Bonadonna, G Buzzigoli, C Boni, D Ciociaro, F Maccari; citation_volume=36; citation_publication_date=1987; citation_pages=502-506; citation_doi=10.1016/0026-0495(87)90051-5; citation_id=CR7

citation_journal_title=J Clin Invest; citation_title=Mechanisms of fatty acid-induced inhibition of glucose uptake; citation_author=G Boden, X Chen, J Ruiz, JV White, L Rosseti; citation_volume=93; citation_publication_date=1994; citation_pages=2438-2446; citation_doi=10.1172/JCI117252; citation_id=CR8

citation_journal_title=Proc Natl Acad Sci USA; citation_title=Fatty acid-induced β cell apoptosis: a link between obesity and diabetes; citation_author=M Shimabukuro, YT Zhou, M Levi, R Unger; citation_volume=95; citation_publication_date=1998; citation_pages=2498-2502; citation_doi=10.1073/pnas.95.5.2498; citation_id=CR9

citation_journal_title=Diabetologia; citation_title=Vascular function, insulin resistance and fatty acids; citation_author=HO Steinberg, AD Baron; citation_volume=45; citation_publication_date=2002; citation_pages=623-634; citation_doi=10.1007/s00125-002-0800-2; citation_id=CR10

citation_journal_title=Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol; citation_title=Unsaturated fatty acids increase plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in endothelial cells; citation_author=L Nilsson, C Banfi, U Diczfalusy, E Tremoli, A Hamsten, P Eriksson; citation_volume=18; citation_publication_date=1998; citation_pages=1679-1685; citation_doi=10.1161/01.ATV.18.11.1679; citation_id=CR11

citation_journal_title=J Diabetes Complications; citation_title=Obesity and Cardiovascular disease. Pathogenic role of the metabolic syndrome and therapeutic implications; citation_author=N Abate; citation_volume=14; citation_publication_date=2000; citation_pages=154-174; citation_doi=10.1016/S1056-8727(00)00067-2; citation_id=CR12

citation_journal_title=Am J Hypertens; citation_title=Actions of PPARγ agonists explaining a possible blood pressure lowering effect; citation_author=PA Sarafidis, AN Lasaridis; citation_volume=19; citation_publication_date=2006; citation_pages=646-653; citation_doi=10.1016/j.amjhyper.2005.12.017; citation_id=CR13

citation_journal_title=Am J Hypertens; citation_title=Obesity hypertension; citation_author=AP Rocchini; citation_volume=15; citation_publication_date=2002; citation_pages=50S-52S; citation_doi=10.1016/S0895-7061(01)02299-3; citation_id=CR14

citation_journal_title=Curr Hypertens Rep; citation_title=New developments in mechanisms of obesity-induced hypertension: role of adipose tissue; citation_author=AM Sharma, S Engeli, T Pischon; citation_volume=3; citation_publication_date=2001; citation_pages=152-156; citation_doi=10.1007/s11906-001-0030-x; citation_id=CR15

citation_journal_title=Curr Hypertens Rep; citation_title=Nonesterified fatty acids in blood pressure control and cardiovascular complications; citation_author=BM Egan, EL Greene, TL Goodfriend; citation_volume=3; citation_publication_date=2001; citation_pages=107-116; citation_doi=10.1007/s11906-001-0021-y; citation_id=CR16

citation_journal_title=Scand J Clin Lab Invest; citation_title=Reversibility of the effects on local circulation of high lipid concentrations in blood; citation_author=J Bulow, J Madsen, L Hojgaard; citation_volume=50; citation_publication_date=1990; citation_pages=291-296; citation_doi=10.3109/00365519009091581; citation_id=CR17

citation_journal_title=Am J Physiol; citation_title=Source of plasma free fatty acids in dogs receiving fat emulsion and heparin; citation_author=HC Meng, B Edgren; citation_volume=204; citation_publication_date=1963; citation_pages=691-695; citation_doi=10.1152/ajplegacy.1963.204.4.691; citation_id=CR18

citation_journal_title=Hypertension; citation_title=Pressor effects of portal venous oleate infusion. A proposed mechanism for obesity hypertension; citation_author=RJ Grekin, AP Vollmer, RS Sider; citation_volume=26; citation_publication_date=1995; citation_pages=193-198; citation_doi=10.1161/01.HYP.26.1.193; citation_id=CR19

citation_journal_title=Am J Physiol; citation_title=Mechanisms in the pressor effects of hepatic portal venous fatty acid infusion; citation_author=RJ Grekin, CJ Dumont, AP Vollmer, SW Watts, RC Webb; citation_volume=273; citation_publication_date=1997; citation_pages=R324-R330; citation_id=CR20

citation_journal_title=Hypertension; citation_title=Obesity hypertension is related more to insulin's fatty acid than glucose action; citation_author=BM Egan, MMI Hennes, KT Stepniakowski, IM O'Shaughnessy, AH Kissebach, TL Goodfriend; citation_volume=27; citation_publication_date=1996; citation_pages=723-728; citation_doi=10.1161/01.HYP.27.3.723; citation_id=CR21

citation_journal_title=Int J Epidemiol; citation_title=High free fatty acid concentration: an independent risk factor for hypertension in the Paris Prospective Study; citation_author=A Fagot-Campagna, B Balkau, D Simon, JM Warnet, JR Claude, P Ducimetiere; citation_volume=27; citation_publication_date=1998; citation_pages=808-813; citation_doi=10.1093/ije/27.5.808; citation_id=CR22

citation_journal_title=J Clin Invest; citation_title=Elevated circulating free fatty acid levels impair endothelium-dependent vasodilation; citation_author=HO Steinberg, M Tarshoby, R Monestel, G Hook, J Cronin, A Johnson; citation_volume=100; citation_publication_date=1997; citation_pages=1230-1239; citation_doi=10.1172/JCI119636; citation_id=CR23

citation_journal_title=Diabetes; citation_title=Free fatty acid elevation impairs insulin-mediated vasodilation and nitric oxide production; citation_author=HO Steinberg, G Paradisi, G Hook, K Crowder, J Cronin, AD Baron; citation_volume=49; citation_publication_date=2000; citation_pages=1231-1238; citation_doi=10.2337/diabetes.49.7.1231; citation_id=CR24

citation_journal_title=Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol; citation_title=Hemodynamic effects of lipids in humans; citation_author=MP Stojiljkovic, D Zhang, HF Lopes, CG Lee, TL Goodfriend, BM Egan; citation_volume=280; citation_publication_date=2001; citation_pages=R1674-R1679; citation_doi=10.1152/ajpregu.2001.280.6.R1674; citation_id=CR25

citation_journal_title=Am J Hypertens; citation_title=The pressor response to acute hyperlipidemia is enhanced in lean normotensive offspring of hypertensive parents; citation_author=HF Lopes, MP Stojiljkovic, D Zhang, TL Goodfriend, BM Egan; citation_volume=14; citation_publication_date=2001; citation_pages=1032-1037; citation_doi=10.1016/S0895-7061(01)02166-5; citation_id=CR26

citation_journal_title=Hypertension; citation_title=DASH diet lowers blood pressure and lipid-induced oxidative stress in obesity; citation_author=HF Lopes, KL Martin, K Nashar, JD Morrow, TL Goodfriend, BM Egan; citation_volume=41; citation_publication_date=2003; citation_pages=422-430; citation_doi=10.1161/01.HYP.0000053450.19998.11; citation_id=CR27

citation_journal_title=J Clin Invest; citation_title=Mechanism of increased alpha-adrenergic vasoconstriction in human essential hypertension; citation_author=BM Egan, R Panis, A Hinderliter, N Shork, S Julius; citation_volume=80; citation_publication_date=1987; citation_pages=812-817; citation_doi=10.1172/JCI113138; citation_id=CR28

citation_journal_title=Am J Hypertens; citation_title=Regional hemodynamic abnormalities in overweight men: focus on α-adrenergic vascular responses; citation_author=BM Egan, NJ Shork, AB Weder; citation_volume=2; citation_publication_date=1989; citation_pages=428-434; citation_doi=10.1093/ajh/2.6.428; citation_id=CR29

citation_journal_title=Am J Physiol; citation_title=Additive effects of hypertension and obesity to limit venous distensibility; citation_author=KT Stepniakowski, BM Egan; citation_volume=268; citation_publication_date=1995; citation_pages=R562-R568; citation_id=CR30

citation_journal_title=Hypertension; citation_title=Insulin does not reduce forearm alpha-vasoreactivity in obese hypertensive or lean normotensive men; citation_author=JM Neahring, K Stepniakowski, AS Greene, BM Egan; citation_volume=22; citation_publication_date=1993; citation_pages=584-590; citation_doi=10.1161/01.HYP.22.4.584; citation_id=CR31

citation_journal_title=Hypertension; citation_title=Fatty acids enhance vascular α-adrenergic sensitivity; citation_author=KT Stepniakowski, TL Goodfriend, BM Egan; citation_volume=25; citation_publication_date=1995; citation_pages=II774-II778; citation_doi=10.1161/01.HYP.25.4.774; citation_id=CR32

citation_journal_title=Am J Physiol; citation_title=Fatty acids enhance neurovascular reflex responses by effects on alpha 1-adrenoceptors; citation_author=KT Stepniakowski, FR Sallee, TL Goodfriend, Z Zhang, BM Egan; citation_volume=270; citation_publication_date=1996; citation_pages=R1340-R1346; citation_id=CR33

citation_journal_title=Hypertension; citation_title=Intralipid enhances alpha1-adrenergic receptor mediated pressor sensitivity; citation_author=AT Haastrup, KT Stepniakowski, TL Goodfriend, BM Egan; citation_volume=32; citation_publication_date=1998; citation_pages=693-698; citation_doi=10.1161/01.HYP.32.4.693; citation_id=CR34

citation_journal_title=Circulation; citation_title=Transient triglyceridemia decreases vascular reactivity in young, healthy men without risk factors for coronary heart disease; citation_author=P Lundman, M Eriksson, K Schenck-Gustafsson, F Karpe, P Tornvall; citation_volume=96; citation_publication_date=1997; citation_pages=3266-3268; citation_doi=10.1161/01.CIR.96.10.3266; citation_id=CR35

citation_journal_title=Hypertension; citation_title=Oleic acid inhibits endothelial cell nitric oxide synthase by a PKC-independent mechanism; citation_author=RK Davda, KT Stepniakowski, G Lu, ME Ullian, TL Goodfriend, BM Egan; citation_volume=26; citation_publication_date=1995; citation_pages=764-770; citation_doi=10.1161/01.HYP.26.5.764; citation_id=CR36

citation_journal_title=J Investig Med; citation_title=Fatty acids impair nitric oxide production in cultured endothelial cells [Abstract]; citation_author=MP Gupta, H Steinberg, A Baron, CM Hart; citation_volume=46; citation_publication_date=1998; citation_pages=288A; citation_id=CR37

citation_journal_title=J Clin Endocrinol Metab; citation_title=Plasma free fatty acids and endothelium-dependent vasodilation: effect of chain-length and cyclooxygenase inhibition; citation_author=SV de Kreutzenberg, C Crepaldi, S Marchetto, L Calo, A Tiengo, S Del Prato; citation_volume=85; citation_publication_date=2000; citation_pages=793-798; citation_doi=10.1210/jcem.85.2.6352; citation_id=CR38

citation_journal_title=J Clin Invest; citation_title=Nitric oxide release accounts for insulin's vascular effects in humans; citation_author=U Scherrer, D Randin, P Vollenweider, L Vollenweider, P Nicod; citation_volume=94; citation_publication_date=1994; citation_pages=2511-2515; citation_doi=10.1172/JCI117621; citation_id=CR39

citation_journal_title=J Clin Invest; citation_title=Insulin-mediated skeletal muscle vasodilation is nitric oxide dependent: a novel action of insulin to increase nitric oxide release; citation_author=HO Steinberg, G Brechtel, A Johnson, N Fineberg, AD Baron; citation_volume=94; citation_publication_date=1994; citation_pages=1172-1179; citation_doi=10.1172/JCI117433; citation_id=CR40

citation_journal_title=J Clin Invest; citation_title=Obesity/insulin resistance is associated with endothelial dysfunction. Implications for the syndrome of insulin resistance; citation_author=HO Steinberg, H Chaker, R Leaming, A Johnson, G Brechtel, AD Baron; citation_volume=97; citation_publication_date=1996; citation_pages=2601-2610; citation_doi=10.1172/JCI118709; citation_id=CR41

citation_journal_title=J Hypertens; citation_title=Insulin resistance in essential hypertension is characterized by impaired insulin stimulation of blood flow in skeletal muscle; citation_author=H Laine, MJ Knuuti, U Ruotsalainen, M Raitakari, H Iida, J Kapanen; citation_volume=16; citation_publication_date=1998; citation_pages=211-219; citation_doi=10.1097/00004872-199816020-00012; citation_id=CR42

citation_journal_title=J Hypertens; citation_title=Insulin, nitric oxide and the sympathetic nervous system: at the crossroads of metabolic and cardiovascular regulation; citation_author=C Sartori, U Scherrer; citation_volume=17; citation_publication_date=1999; citation_pages=1517-1525; citation_doi=10.1097/00004872-199917110-00003; citation_id=CR43

citation_journal_title=Biochem J; citation_title=Phosphoinositide 3-kinase: the key switch mechanism in insulin signalling; citation_author=PR Shepherd, DJ Wither, K Siddle; citation_volume=333; citation_publication_date=1998; citation_pages=471-490; citation_doi=10.1042/bj3330471; citation_id=CR44

citation_journal_title=J Clin Invest; citation_title=Insulin-stimulated production of nitric oxide is inhibited by wortmannin: direct measurement in vascular endothelial cells; citation_author=G Zeng, MJ Quon; citation_volume=98; citation_publication_date=1996; citation_pages=894-898; citation_doi=10.1172/JCI118871; citation_id=CR45

citation_journal_title=J Clin Invest; citation_title=Mechanism of free fatty acid-induced insulin resistance in humans; citation_author=M Roden, TB Price, G Perseghin, KF Petersen, DL Rothman, GW Cline; citation_volume=97; citation_publication_date=1996; citation_pages=2859-2865; citation_doi=10.1172/JCI118742; citation_id=CR46

citation_journal_title=J Clin Invest; citation_title=Effects of free fatty acids on glucose transport and IRS-1-associated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity; citation_author=A Dresner, D Laurent, M Marcucci, ME Griffin, S Dufour, GW Cline; citation_volume=103; citation_publication_date=1999; citation_pages=253-259; citation_doi=10.1172/JCI5001; citation_id=CR47

citation_journal_title=Hypertension; citation_title=Reactive oxygen species are critical in the oleic acid-mediated mitogenic signaling pathway in vascular smooth muscle cells; citation_author=G Lu, EL Greene, T Nagai, BM Egan; citation_volume=32; citation_publication_date=1998; citation_pages=1003-1010; citation_doi=10.1161/01.HYP.32.6.1003; citation_id=CR48

citation_journal_title=J Hypertens; citation_title=Increasing plasma fatty acids elevates F2-isoprostanes in humans: implications for the cardiovascular risk factor cluster; citation_author=MP Stojiljkovic, HF Lopes, D Zhang, JD Morrow, TL Goodfriend, BM Egan; citation_volume=20; citation_publication_date=2002; citation_pages=1215-1221; citation_doi=10.1097/00004872-200206000-00036; citation_id=CR49

citation_journal_title=Am J Hypertens; citation_title=Acute hyperlipidemia increases oxidative stress more in African Americans than in white Americans; citation_author=HF Lopes, JD Morrow, MP Stojiljkovic, TL Goodfriend, BM Egan; citation_volume=16; citation_publication_date=2003; citation_pages=331-336; citation_doi=10.1016/S0895-7061(03)00041-4; citation_id=CR50

citation_journal_title=Hypertension; citation_title=Induction of oxidative stress by glutathione depletion causes severe hypertension in normal rats; citation_author=D Nosratola, D Vaziri, XQ Wang, F Oveisi, B Rad; citation_volume=36; citation_publication_date=2000; citation_pages=142-146; citation_doi=10.1161/01.HYP.36.1.142; citation_id=CR51

citation_journal_title=N Engl J Med; citation_title=A clinical trial of the effects of dietary patterns on blood pressure; citation_author=LJ Appel, TJ Moore, E Obarzanek, WM Vollmer, LP Svetkey, FM Sacks; citation_volume=336; citation_publication_date=1997; citation_pages=1117-1124; citation_doi=10.1056/NEJM199704173361601; citation_id=CR52

citation_title=Primary hypertension: pathogenesis; citation_inbook_title=Clinical Hypertension; citation_publication_date=2002; citation_pages=56-135; citation_id=CR53; citation_author=NM Kaplan; citation_publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

citation_journal_title=J Hypertens; citation_title=Essential hypertension: a disorder of growth with origins in childhood?; citation_author=AF Lever, SB Harrap; citation_volume=10; citation_publication_date=1992; citation_pages=101-120; citation_doi=10.1097/00004872-199202000-00001; citation_id=CR54

citation_journal_title=Circ Res; citation_title=Oleic acid-induced mitogenic signaling in vascular smooth muscle cells. A role for protein kinase C; citation_author=G Lu, TA Morinelli, KE Meier, SA Rosenzweig, BM Egan; citation_volume=79; citation_publication_date=1996; citation_pages=611-618; citation_doi=10.1161/01.RES.79.3.611; citation_id=CR55

citation_journal_title=Hypertension; citation_title=Oleic acid and angiotensin induce a synergistic mitogenic response; citation_author=G Lu, KE Meier, AA Jaffa, SA Rosenzweig, BM Egan; citation_volume=31; citation_publication_date=1998; citation_pages=978-985; citation_doi=10.1161/01.HYP.31.4.978; citation_id=CR56

citation_journal_title=Hypertension; citation_title=Signaling events mediating the additive effects of oleic acid and angiotensin II on vascular smooth muscle cell migration; citation_author=EL Greene, G Lu, D Zhang, BM Egan; citation_volume=37; citation_publication_date=2001; citation_pages=308-312; citation_doi=10.1161/01.HYP.37.2.308; citation_id=CR57

citation_journal_title=J Biol Chem; citation_title=Selective regulation of protein kinase C isoezymes by oleic acid in human platelets; citation_author=WA Khan, G Blobe, A Halpern, WC Wetsel, D Burns, C Loomis; citation_volume=268; citation_publication_date=1993; citation_pages=5063-5068; citation_id=CR58

citation_journal_title=Cell; citation_title=Protein kinase C-z is critical for mitogenic signal transduction; citation_author=E Berra, MT Diaz-Meco, I Dominguez, MM Municio, L Sanz, J Lozano; citation_volume=74; citation_publication_date=1993; citation_pages=555-563; citation_doi=10.1016/0092-8674(93)80056-K; citation_id=CR59

citation_journal_title=J Biol Chem; citation_title=Protein kinase C-z mediates angiotensin II activation of ERK-1 and -2 in vascular smooth muscle cells; citation_author=D-F Liao, B Monia, N Dean, BC Berk; citation_volume=272; citation_publication_date=1997; citation_pages=6146-6150; citation_doi=10.1074/jbc.272.10.6146; citation_id=CR60

citation_journal_title=J Biol Chem; citation_title=Oleate and linoleate enhance the growth-promoting effects of insulin-like growth factor-I through a phospholipase D-dependent pathway in arterial smooth muscle cells; citation_author=B Askari, MA Carroll, M Capparelli, F Kramer, RG Gerrity, KE Bornfeldt; citation_volume=277; citation_publication_date=2002; citation_pages=36338-36344; citation_doi=10.1074/jbc.M205112200; citation_id=CR61

citation_journal_title=Hypertension; citation_title=Insulin and insulin-like growth factor in normal and pathological cardiovascular physiology; citation_author=JR Sowers; citation_volume=29; citation_publication_date=1997; citation_pages=691-699; citation_doi=10.1161/01.HYP.29.3.691; citation_id=CR62

citation_journal_title=Biochem J; citation_title=Regulation by fatty acids of angiotensinogen gene expression in preadipose cells; citation_author=I Safonova, J Aubert, R Negrel, G Ailhaud; citation_volume=322; citation_publication_date=1997; citation_pages=235-239; citation_doi=10.1042/bj3220235; citation_id=CR63

citation_journal_title=Hypertension; citation_title=Epoxy-keto derivative of linoleic acid stimulates aldosterone secretion; citation_author=TL Goodfriend, DL Ball, BM Egan, WB Campbell, K Nithipatikom; citation_volume=43; citation_publication_date=1004; citation_pages=358-363; citation_doi=10.1161/01.HYP.0000113294.06704.64; citation_id=CR64

citation_journal_title=J Biol Chem; citation_title=Identification of linoleic and oleic acids as endogenous Na+,K+-ATPase inhibitors from acute volume-expanded hog plasma; citation_author=M Tamura, H Kuwano, T Kinoshita, T Inagami; citation_volume=260; citation_publication_date=1985; citation_pages=9672-9677; citation_id=CR65

citation_journal_title=Clin Sci (London); citation_title=Non-esterified fatty acids may regulate human leucocyte sodium pump activity; citation_author=LL Ng, TD Hockaday; citation_volume=71; citation_publication_date=1986; citation_pages=737-742; citation_doi=10.1042/cs0710737; citation_id=CR66

citation_journal_title=Cardiovasc Drugs Ther; citation_title=Alterations in sodium metabolism as an etiological model for hypertension; citation_author=P Lijnen; citation_volume=9; citation_publication_date=1995; citation_pages=377-399; citation_doi=10.1007/BF00879027; citation_id=CR67

citation_journal_title=Clin Sci; citation_title=Role of enhanced sympathetic nervous system activity and reduced Na+,K+-dependent adenosine triphosphatase activity in the maintenance of elevated blood pressure in obesity: effects of weight loss; citation_author=JR Sowers, L Whitfield, FW Beck, RA Catania, ML Tuck, L Dornfeld; citation_volume=63; citation_publication_date=1982; citation_pages=121S-124S; citation_doi=10.1042/cs063121s; citation_id=CR68

citation_journal_title=Am J Med Sci; citation_title=Sodium metabolism, hypertension and diabetes; citation_author=AB Weder; citation_volume=307; citation_publication_date=1994; citation_pages=S53-S59; citation_id=CR69